1
|
Chatterjee N, Sharma R, Kale PR, Trehanpati N, Ramakrishna G. Is the liver resilient to the process of ageing? Ann Hepatol 2024; 30:101580. [PMID: 39276981 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2024.101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The liver's unique regenerative capacity, immunotolerant feature, and polyploidy status distinguish it as a metabolic organ unlike any other in the body. Despite aging, the liver generally exhibits fewer pathological abnormalities than other organs (such as the kidney), maintaining its functions near-normal balanced manner. Subtle changes in the liver, including reduced blood flow, detoxification alterations, pseudo-capillarization, and lipofuscin deposition, may occur with chronological age. Research indicates that carefully selected liver grafts from octogenarian donors can perform well post-transplant, emphasizing instances where age doesn't necessarily compromise liver function. Notably, a recent report suggests that the liver is a youthful organ, with hepatocytes averaging an age of only 3 years. Despite the liver's impressive regenerative capabilities and cellular reserve, a lingering question persists: how does the liver maintain its youthful characteristic amidst the chronological aging of the entire organism? The various adaptive mechanism possibly include:(a) cellular hypertrophy to maintain physiological capacity even before proliferation initiates, (b) the "ploidy conveyor" as a genetic adaptation to endure aging-related stress, (c) sustained telomere length indicative of youthfulness (d) active extracellular matrix remodelling for normal cellular functioning, (e) Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum based metabolic adaptation and (c) cellular plasticity as fitness mechanisms for healthy aging. However, it is crucial to note that aged livers may have compromised regenerative capacity and chronic liver disease is often associated with declining function due to premature hepatocyte senescence. This review delves into varied cellular adaptations sustaining liver homeostasis with chronological aging and briefly explores the role of accelerated hepatocyte aging as a precursor to chronic liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Chatterjee
- Artemis Education and Research Foundation, Artemis Health Institute, Sector 51 Gurugram, India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity Medical School, Amity University Haryana Amity Education Valley, Panchgaon, Manesar Gurugram, HR 122413, India
| | - Pratibha R Kale
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
| | - Nirupma Trehanpati
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
| | - Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun YD, Zhang H, Li YM, Han JJ. Abnormal metabolism in hepatic stellate cells: Pandora's box of MAFLD related hepatocellular carcinoma. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189086. [PMID: 38342420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a significant risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), as key mediators in liver injury response, are believed to play a crucial role in the repair process of liver injury. However, in MAFLD patients, the normal metabolic and immunoregulatory mechanisms of HSCs become disrupted, leading to disturbances in the local microenvironment. Abnormally activated HSCs are heavily involved in the initiation and progression of HCC. The metabolic disorders and abnormal activation of HSCs not only initiate liver fibrosis but also contribute to carcinogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress on the relationship between the abnormal metabolism of HSCs and the local immune system in the liver, elucidating the mechanisms of immune imbalance caused by abnormally activated HSCs in MAFLD patients. Based on this understanding, we discuss the potential and challenges of metabolic-based and immunology-based mechanisms in the treatment of MAFLD-related HCC, with a specific focus on the role of HSCs in HCC progression and their potential as targets for anti-cancer therapy. This review aims to enhance researchers' understanding of the importance of HSCs in maintaining normal liver function and highlights the significance of HSCs in the progression of MAFLD-related HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Dong Sun
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China
| | - Yuan-Min Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, China
| | - Jian-Jun Han
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute Affiliated Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li J, Bi Z, Wang L, Xia Y, Xie Y, Liu Y. Recent Advances in Strategies for Imaging Detection and Intervention of Cellular Senescence. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200364. [PMID: 36163425 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest state that can be triggered by a wide range of intrinsic or extrinsic stresses. Increased burden of senescent cells in various tissues is thought to contribute to aging and age-related diseases. Thus, the detection and interventions of senescent cells are critical for longevity and treatment of disease. However, the highly heterogeneous feature of senescence makes it challenging for precise detection and selective clearance of senescent cells in different age-related diseases. To address this issue, considerable efforts have been devoted to developing senescence-targeting molecular theranostic strategies, based on the potential biomarkers of cellular senescence. Herein, we review recent advances in the field of anti-senescence research and highlight the specific visualization and elimination of senescent cells. Additionally, the challenges in this emerging field are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jili Li
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyan Bi
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Linlin Wang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yinghao Xia
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Xie
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanlan Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL) State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Aptamer Engineering Center of Hunan Province Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumari R, Jat P. Mechanisms of Cellular Senescence: Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645593. [PMID: 33855023 PMCID: PMC8039141 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 672] [Impact Index Per Article: 224.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that can be triggered in normal cells in response to various intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, as well as developmental signals. Senescence is considered to be a highly dynamic, multi-step process, during which the properties of senescent cells continuously evolve and diversify in a context dependent manner. It is associated with multiple cellular and molecular changes and distinct phenotypic alterations, including a stable proliferation arrest unresponsive to mitogenic stimuli. Senescent cells remain viable, have alterations in metabolic activity and undergo dramatic changes in gene expression and develop a complex senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Cellular senescence can compromise tissue repair and regeneration, thereby contributing toward aging. Removal of senescent cells can attenuate age-related tissue dysfunction and extend health span. Senescence can also act as a potent anti-tumor mechanism, by preventing proliferation of potentially cancerous cells. It is a cellular program which acts as a double-edged sword, with both beneficial and detrimental effects on the health of the organism, and considered to be an example of evolutionary antagonistic pleiotropy. Activation of the p53/p21WAF1/CIP1 and p16INK4A/pRB tumor suppressor pathways play a central role in regulating senescence. Several other pathways have recently been implicated in mediating senescence and the senescent phenotype. Herein we review the molecular mechanisms that underlie cellular senescence and the senescence associated growth arrest with a particular focus on why cells stop dividing, the stability of the growth arrest, the hypersecretory phenotype and how the different pathways are all integrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Kumari
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| | - Parmjit Jat
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mohamad Kamal NS, Safuan S, Shamsuddin S, Foroozandeh P. Aging of the cells: Insight into cellular senescence and detection Methods. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151108. [PMID: 32800277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular theory of aging states that human aging is the result of cellular aging, in which an increasing proportion of cells reach senescence. Senescence, from the Latin word senex, means "growing old," is an irreversible growth arrest which occurs in response to damaging stimuli, such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, telomere dysfunction and oncogenic stress leading to suppression of potentially dysfunctional, transformed, or aged cells. Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest, flattened and enlarged morphology, resistance to apoptosis, alteration in gene expression and chromatin structure, expression of senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and acquisition of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review paper, different types of cellular senescence including replicative senescence (RS) which occurs due to telomere shortening and stress induced premature senescence (SIPS) which occurs in response to different types of stress in cells, are discussed. Biomarkers of cellular senescence and senescent assays including BrdU incorporation assay, senescence associated- β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci assays to detect senescent cells are also addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nor Shaheera Mohamad Kamal
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Shaharum Shamsuddin
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Parisa Foroozandeh
- USM-RIKEN International Centre for Ageing Science (URICAS), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khatami M. Cancer; an induced disease of twentieth century! Induction of tolerance, increased entropy and 'Dark Energy': loss of biorhythms (Anabolism v. Catabolism). Clin Transl Med 2018; 7:20. [PMID: 29961900 PMCID: PMC6026585 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-018-0193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of health involves a synchronized network of catabolic and anabolic signals among organs/tissues/cells that requires differential bioenergetics from mitochondria and glycolysis (biological laws or biorhythms). We defined biological circadian rhythms as Yin (tumoricidal) and Yang (tumorigenic) arms of acute inflammation (effective immunity) involving immune and non-immune systems. Role of pathogens in altering immunity and inducing diseases and cancer has been documented for over a century. However, in 1955s decision makers in cancer/medical establishment allowed public (current baby boomers) to consume million doses of virus-contaminated polio vaccines. The risk of cancer incidence and mortality sharply rose from 5% (rate of hereditary/genetic or innate disease) in 1900s, to its current scary status of 33% or 50% among women and men, respectively. Despite better hygiene, modern detection technologies and discovery of antibiotics, baby boomers and subsequent 2–3 generations are sicker than previous generations at same age. American health status ranks last among other developed nations while America invests highest amount of resources for healthcare. In this perspective we present evidence that cancer is an induced disease of twentieth century, facilitated by a great deception of cancer/medical establishment for huge corporate profits. Unlike popularized opinions that cancer is 100, 200 or 1000 diseases, we demonstrate that cancer is only one disease; the severe disturbances in biorhythms (differential bioenergetics) or loss of balance in Yin and Yang of effective immunity. Cancer projects that are promoted and funded by decision makers are reductionist approaches, wrong and unethical and resulted in loss of millions of precious lives and financial toxicity to society. Public vaccination with pathogen-specific vaccines (e.g., flu, hepatitis, HPV, meningitis, measles) weakens, not promotes, immunity. Results of irresponsible projects on cancer sciences or vaccines are increased population of drug-dependent sick society. Outcome failure rates of claimed ‘targeted’ drugs, ‘precision’ or ‘personalized’ medicine are 90% (± 5) for solid tumors. We demonstrate that aging, frequent exposures to environmental hazards, infections and pathogen-specific vaccines and ingredients are ‘antigen overload’ for immune system, skewing the Yin and Yang response profiles and leading to induction of ‘mild’, ‘moderate’ or ‘severe’ immune disorders. Induction of decoy or pattern recognition receptors (e.g., PRRs), such as IRAK-M or IL-1dRs (‘designer’ molecules) and associated genomic instability and over-expression of growth promoting factors (e.g., pyruvate kinases, mTOR and PI3Ks, histamine, PGE2, VEGF) could lead to immune tolerance, facilitating cancer cells to hijack anabolic machinery of immunity (Yang) for their increased growth requirements. Expression of constituent embryonic factors would negatively regulate differentiation of tumor cells through epithelial–mesenchymal-transition and create “dual negative feedback loop” that influence tissue metabolism under hypoxic conditions. It is further hypothesized that induction of tolerance creates ‘dark energy’ and increased entropy and temperature in cancer microenvironment allowing disorderly cancer proliferation and mitosis along with increased glucose metabolism via Crabtree and Pasteur Effects, under mitophagy and ribophagy, conditions that are toxic to host survival. Effective translational medicine into treatment requires systematic and logical studies of complex interactions of tumor cells with host environment that dictate clinical outcomes. Promoting effective immunity (biological circadian rhythms) are fundamental steps in correcting host differential bioenergetics and controlling cancer growth, preventing or delaying onset of diseases and maintaining public health. The author urges independent professionals and policy makers to take a closer look at cancer dilemma and stop the ‘scientific/medical ponzi schemes’ of a powerful group that control a drug-dependent sick society before all hopes for promoting public health evaporate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Khatami
- Inflammation, Aging and Cancer, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sturmlechner I, Durik M, Sieben CJ, Baker DJ, van Deursen JM. Cellular senescence in renal ageing and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 13:77-89. [DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
8
|
Zhang F, Zhang M, Wang A, Xu M, Wang C, Xu G, Zhang B, Zou X, Zhuge Y. TWEAK increases SIRT1 expression and promotes p53 deacetylation affecting human hepatic stellate cell senescence. Cell Biol Int 2016; 41:147-154. [PMID: 27888541 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
To detect the effects of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) on SIRT1 expression and p53 deacetylation, involving cell senescence, in activated human hepatic stellate cell (HSC) in vitro, human HSC LX-2 was cultured with TWEAK for 24 h. The result showed that the expression of membrane receptor Fn14 was remarkably increased by TWEAK, which upregulated SIRT1 in LX-2 cells, detected by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The expression of p53 was not significantly altered; however, the ac-p53 was decreased. Furthermore, the viability of LX-2 cells was significantly enhanced by TWEAK. The activity of SA-β-Gal was notably inhibited, showing a suppressing effect of TWEAK on the senescence of activated HSC. Primary cultured HSC on days 7 and 11 was used to examine the expression of TWEAK, Fn14, SIRT1, and the activity of SA-β-Gal. The result indicated that the mRNA of TWEAK, SIRT1, and Fn14 was all decreased on day 11 compared to that on day 7, and the activity of SA-β-Gal was higher on day 11 than that on day 7. The present study suggested that TWEAK enhanced the expression of SIRT1 and decreased the acetylation of p53, probably inhibiting the senescence of activated HSC in vitro, which provides a molecular basis for TWEAK as a potential target in the therapy of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aixiu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingcui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guifang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoping Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuzheng Zhuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321# Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Recent discoveries are redefining our view of cellular senescence as a trigger of tissue remodelling that acts during normal embryonic development and upon tissue damage. To achieve this, senescent cells arrest their own proliferation, recruit phagocytic immune cells and promote tissue renewal. This sequence of events - senescence, followed by clearance and then regeneration - may not be efficiently completed in aged tissues or in pathological contexts, thereby resulting in the accumulation of senescent cells. Increasing evidence indicates that both pro-senescent therapies and antisenescent therapies can be beneficial. In cancer and during active tissue repair, pro-senescent therapies contribute to minimize the damage by limiting proliferation and fibrosis, respectively. Conversely, antisenescent therapies may help to eliminate accumulated senescent cells and to recover tissue function.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yu H, Lin CC, Li YY, Zhao Z. Dynamic protein interaction modules in human hepatocellular carcinoma progression. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7 Suppl 5:S2. [PMID: 24564909 PMCID: PMC4029569 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-s5-s2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Gene expression profiles have been frequently integrated with the human protein interactome to uncover functional modules under specific conditions like disease state. Beyond traditional differential expression analysis, differential co-expression analysis has emerged as a robust approach to reveal condition-specific network modules, with successful applications in a few human disease studies. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is often interrelated with the Hepatitis C virus, typically develops through multiple stages. A comprehensive investigation of HCC progression-specific differential co-expression modules may advance our understanding of HCC's pathophysiological mechanisms. Results Compared with differentially expressed genes, differentially co-expressed genes were found more likely enriched with Hepatitis C virus binding proteins and cancer-mutated genes, and they were clustered more densely in the human reference protein interaction network. These observations indicated that a differential co-expression approach could outperform the standard differential expression network analysis in searching for disease-related modules. We then proposed a differential co-expression network approach to uncover network modules involved in HCC development. Specifically, we discovered subnetworks that enriched differentially co-expressed gene pairs in each HCC transition stage, and further resolved modules with coherent co-expression change patterns over all HCC developmental stages. Our identified network modules were enriched with HCC-related genes and implicated in cancer-related biological functions. In particular, APC and YWHAZ were highlighted as two most remarkable genes in the network modules, and their dynamic interaction partnership was resolved in HCC development. Conclusions We demonstrated that integration of differential co-expression with the protein interactome could outperform the traditional differential expression approach in discovering network modules of human diseases. In our application of this approach to HCC's gene expression data, we successfully identified subnetworks with marked differential co-expression in individual HCC stage transitions and network modules with coherent co-expression change patterns over all HCC developmental stages. Our results shed light on subtle HCC mechanisms, including temporal activation and dismissal of pivotal functions and dynamic interaction partnerships of key genes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wu J, Dong F, Wang RA, Wang J, Zhao J, Yang M, Gong W, Cui R, Dong L. Central role of cellular senescence in TSLP-induced airway remodeling in asthma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77795. [PMID: 24167583 PMCID: PMC3805661 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Airway remodeling is a repair process that occurs after injury resulting in increased airway hyper-responsiveness in asthma. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), a vital cytokine, plays a critical role in orchestrating, perpetuating and amplifying the inflammatory response in asthma. TSLP is also a critical factor in airway remodeling in asthma. Objectives To examine the role of TSLP-induced cellular senescence in airway remodeling of asthma invitro and invivo. Methods Cellular senescence and airway remodeling were examined in lung specimens from patients with asthma using immunohischemical analysis. Both small molecule and shRNA approaches that target the senescent signaling pathways were used to explore the role of cellular senescence in TSLP-induced airway remodeling invitro. Senescence-Associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining, and BrdU assays were used to detect cellular senescence. In addition, the Stat3-targeted inhibitor, WP1066, was evaluated in an asthma mouse model to determine if inhibiting cellular senescence influences airway remodeling in asthma. Results Activation of cellular senescence as evidenced by checkpoint activation and cell cycle arrest was detected in airway epithelia samples from patients with asthma. Furthermore, TSLP-induced cellular senescence was required for airway remodeling invitro. In addition, a mouse asthma model indicates that inhibiting cellular senescence blocks airway remodeling and relieves airway resistance. Conclusion TSLP stimulation can induce cellular senescence during airway remodeling in asthma. Inhibiting the signaling pathways of cellular senescence overcomes TSLP-induced airway remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiang Wu
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Fangzheng Dong
- University of Iowa College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology & Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rui-An Wang
- Department of Pathology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, Shanxi, China
| | - Junfei Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiping Zhao
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Mengmeng Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wenbin Gong
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rutao Cui
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology & Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RC); (LD)
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Respiratory, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- * E-mail: (RC); (LD)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ramakrishna G, Rastogi A, Trehanpati N, Sen B, Khosla R, Sarin SK. From cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma: new molecular insights on inflammation and cellular senescence. Liver Cancer 2013; 2:367-83. [PMID: 24400224 PMCID: PMC3881319 DOI: 10.1159/000343852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sequential progression from chronic liver disease to fibrosis and to cirrhosis culminates in neoplasia in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The preneoplastic setting of the cirrhotic background provides a conducive environment for cellular transformation. The role of classical inflammation in cirrhosis is widely known, but the exact mechanism linking inflammation and cancer remains elusive. Recent studies have elucidated roles for NF-κB, STAT3 and JNK as possible missing links. In addition, the "inflammasome" (a multiprotein complex and sensor of cellular damage) is a recently identified player in this field. The hallmarks of cirrhosis include necroinflammation, deposition of extracellular matrix and shortening of telomeres, leading to senescence and regeneration. Additionally, the accumulation of genetic/epigenetic changes propels atypical cells toward a malignant phenotype. This review provides recent information on the classical inflammatory pathway, together with a spotlight on inflammasomes and the immunomodulatory role of cellular senescence during the progression from cirrhosis to HCC. Moreover, lacunae in the current knowledge were identified and key questions raised on whether the observed adaptive responses are beneficial or detrimental to tissue homeostasis in a complex organ like liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Ramakrishna
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Rastogi
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupama Trehanpati
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Bijoya Sen
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ritu Khosla
- Department of Research, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shiv K. Sarin
- Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, India,*Shiv K. Sarin, MD, DM, Department of Hepatology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi 110070 (India), Tel. +91 11 2670 6700, E-Mail
| |
Collapse
|