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Schuster RK, Wibbelt G, Sivakumar S. On the life cycle of Brachymeria podagrica (Fabricius, 1787) (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) - a parasitoid of sacrophagid, calliphorid, and muscid flies. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:1317-1325. [PMID: 37004576 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07831-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The lifecycle of Brachymeria podagrica, a parasitic wasp with a worldwide distribution, was studied under laboratory conditions using the flesh fly, Sarcophaga dux, as a host. Two hundred parasite-free 3rd instars of S. dux were exposed for 24 h to 20 female B. podagrica. In daily intervals, maggots and later pupae were examined for developmental stages of the parasitoid. The whole pre-imaginal development at a temperature of 26 °C lasted 21 to 26 days. Three morphologically different instars, followed by a prepupal and a pupal stage, were described using light and scanning electron microscopy. In a second experiment with 100 3rd stage Sarcophaga larvae and 10 parasitoids, a total of 70 wasps emerged 20 to 25 days after exposure. Two fly larvae did not pupate and dried out, while 28 pupae contained a dry or caseous content, dead wasp imagos, or their larval stages. No fly imagines emerged from exposed groups, while all 100 unexposed larvae pupated and adults eclosed between day 12 and day 14 after the start of the experiment, while the imagoes of the parasitoids appeared 8 to 12 days later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf K Schuster
- Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Gudrun Wibbelt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
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Andrade-Herrera K, Núñez-Vázquez C, Estrella E. Life Cycle of Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Under Semi-Controlled Laboratory Conditions. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2138-2145. [PMID: 34343277 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Adult Calliphoridae flies, as well as their immature stages collected from carcasses, have been used as evidence in forensic investigations to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI), particularly those of the genus Chrysomya as it is one of the first genera to colonize a corpse. Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart 1842), due to its appearance in cadaveric remains, plays a fundamental role in the study of forensic entomology. For this reason, we determined the biological cycle of C. rufifacies under semicontrolled laboratory conditions: uncontrolled average fluctuating temperature of 29. 76 ± 3. 22°C, uncontrolled average fluctuating humidity of 48. 91 ± 11.13%, and a controlled photoperiod of 12/12 (L/O). We established that the total development time from oviposition to adult emergence of C. rufifacies was 6. 5 d. The eggs took 12 h to hatch after oviposition. The complete larval stage took 60 h (instar 1 = 12 h, instar 2 = 12 h, instar 3 = 24 h, instar 3 post-feeding = 12 h). The pupa had a duration of 84 h. The species needed a total of 4642.8(±4.59) accumulated degree-hours (ADH) to complete its biological cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepler Andrade-Herrera
- Departamento de entomología. Centro de Investigación en Biología Tropical y Conservación (CINBIOTYC), Cal. Nestor Martos Mza. E lote 16 A.H. Almirante Miguel Grau II etapa Piura, Piura, Perú
| | - Carolina Núñez-Vázquez
- Sociedad Multidisciplinaria en Ciencias Agronómicas Aplicadas y Biotecnología. Manantial de Morelia #55. Colonia Los Manantiales de Morelia. Morelia, Michoacan de Ocampo, México
| | - Erendira Estrella
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4-116, ltzimná, Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Kökdener M, Yılmaz AF. The Effects of Gunshot Residue Components (Pb, Ba, and Sb) on the Life History Traits of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2130-2137. [PMID: 34230971 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of gunshot residue (GSR) components (Pb, Sb, and Ba) on the life history parameters of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). This experiment was carried out at the Zoology Department, the Ondokuz Mayıs University in 2020. About 50 larvae, respectively were exposed to the chicken liver with four different concentrations of GSR particles and life history parameters recorded. A two-way analysis of variance (Two way ANOVA) was used on the larval weight, and length, development time, percentage of pupal and larval survival. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the association between life-history parameters and the concentration of GSR. The total development times decreased with increasing Sb, Ba, and Pb concentrations in the diets 1-3 d when compared to the control The results showed that Ba and Sb significantly decreased larval and pupal survival and GSR decreased the pupa and adult weight as compared to the control. We concluded that life-history parameters of L. sericata are sensitive to GSR residue and heavy metal changes in the environment. The presence of gunshot residue in the corpse should be kept in mind in a criminal investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Kökdener
- Ondokuz Mayıs University, Health Science Faculty, Samsun, Turkey
- Department of Forensic Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Fazıl Yılmaz
- Department of Forensic Science, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, Samsun, Turkey
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An examination of the intrapuparial development of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Calliphoridae: Diptera) at three different temperatures. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2021; 17:585-595. [PMID: 34709560 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-021-00411-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The determination of intrapuparial development periods and development times of insects with holometabolous metamorphosis is necessary both in terms of developmental biology and for minimum Post-mortem interval (PMImin) calculations in forensic entomology. In this study, Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819), which is a cosmopolitan species and one of the most rapidly attracted to carrion, was studied. The focus was the intrapuparial development periods of this species at varying temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C), knowledge which is used in forensic entomology for the estimation of Post-mortem interval (PMI) and is a type of black box. At the specified temperatures, pupae were collected and puparia were dissected hourly; thus, developmental periods were determined, and minimum and maximum starting times of these periods were calculated. With this research, a total of 20 periods, nine of which are new, were determined. The hourly determination of intrapuparial development periods at three different temperatures is the first in the world for this species.
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Bosly HAEK. Development of Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from the Jazan region of Southwest Saudi Arabia under different laboratory temperatures: applications in forensic entomology. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-021-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann, 1819) (blowflies), family Calliphoridae, is important in forensic entomology, where the minimum and maximum postmortem intervals (PMI) are estimated on the basis of the developmental stages of Diptera larvae that consume dead tissue. The present study was designed to estimate the effects of different ambient temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C) under controlled laboratory conditions on the developmental stages of C. albiceps from the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia.
Results
The present study showed that the larval body weight and length were significantly increased when larvae were reared at 30 °C compared with corresponding values at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h at rearing temperatures of 20 °C and 25 °C; however, the weight and length were significantly decreased compared with corresponding values at 96 h at 20 °C and 25 °C. The pupation time was inversely related to the rearing temperature, occurring at 144, 124, and 120 h at rearing temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, respectively. The pupal weight and length were significantly increased in larvae reared at 30 °C compared with those reared at 20 °C and 25 °C. At 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C, larval durations of 5.00, 5.00, and 4.00 days were recorded, respectively. Pupae and adults showed gradual decreases in life stage durations, at 6.00, 5.30, and 4.80 days in pupae and 20.00, 18.70, and 16.90 days in adults, with increasing rearing temperatures. Average adult longevity at 30 °C (194.40 h) was significantly less than adult longevity at 20 °C (216.00 h) and 25 °C (204.60 h). The results showed an inverse relation between durations of developmental stages and rearing temperatures.
Conclusions
Insect laboratory colonization for the determination of biological characteristics of insects is economically viable for forensic entomology and as a technique for evaluating insect evidence.
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Alotaibi F, Alkuriji M, AlReshaidan S, Alajmi R, Metwally DM, Almutairi B, Alorf M, Haddadi R, Ahmed A. Body Size and Cuticular Hydrocarbons as Larval Age Indicators in the Forensic Blow Fly, Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:1048-1055. [PMID: 33274739 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann 1819) is one of the most important insects in forensic entomology. Its larval developmental and survival rates are influenced by nutritional resources, temperature, humidity, and geographical regions. The present study investigated the possibility of relying on body size and cuticular hydrocarbon composition as indicators for age estimation of the different larval instars of C. albiceps. Larvae were maintained in standardized laboratory conditions at different experimental temperatures. All larval instars (first, second, and third) were randomly collected for measuring their body sizes and for estimating their cuticular hydrocarbons at different rearing temperatures (30, 35, 40, and 45°C) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicated that the duration of larval stage was temperature dependent as it gradually decreased on increasing the rearing temperature (30, 35, and 40°C) except 45°C at which larval development was ceased. In contrary, larval body size, in terms of length, width, and weight, was temperature dependent as it gradually increased with larval development on increasing rearing temperature except at 45°C at which larval development was ceased. The GC-MS showed a significant difference in the extracted components of cuticular hydrocarbons between different larval instars reared in the same temperature and between the same larval instar that reared at different temperatures. Furthermore, the highest and lowest amounts of cuticular hydrocarbons were detected at 35 and 40°C, respectively. Overall, larval body size and cuticular hydrocarbon components were temperature dependent within the range 30-40°C, which may suggest them as possible reliable age indicators for estimating the postmortem interval in the field of medicolegal entomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayeza Alotaibi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alkuriji
- National Center of Agricultural Technology, Life Science and Environmental Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa AlReshaidan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alajmi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M Metwally
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Bassam Almutairi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alorf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania Haddadi
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Ahmed
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, College of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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Al-Dakhil AA, Alharbi SA. A preliminary investigation of the entomofauna composition of forensically important necrophagous insects in Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF TAIBAH UNIVERSITY FOR SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2020.1805176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Ali Al-Dakhil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shorooq A. Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Salimi M, Chatrabgoun O, Akbarzadeh K, Oshaghi M, Falahati MH, Rafizadeh S, Yusuf MA, Rassi Y. Evaluation of Insect Succession Patterns and Carcass Weight Loss for the Estimation of Postmortem Interval. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1410-1422. [PMID: 29982750 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study assesses the succession of insects on rabbit carcass. The study was conducted in sunny and shaded sites in the west of Iran during four seasons in 2016 and 2017. Based on the results of this study, various factors such as body size, carcass location, and carcass injury could affect the pattern of insect succession on carcass. In this study, we estimated the elapsed time since death (R2 > 0.98, P = 0.00) based on carcass weight loss during the stages of decomposition and the cubic method. Jaccard analysis was performed to determine the similarity of insect taxa during decomposition of rabbit carrion in two different sites during a period of four seasons. Succession pattern analysis for necrophagous insects in both habitats showed a similarity between bloat and decay stages for each habitat. On the other hand, pairwise similarities in taxa were low at the fresh and dry stages, however increased at bloat and decay stages of decomposition. This study shows that succession has some limitations in determining the elapsed time of death. Therefore, the use of source of information such as a weight loss model seems to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Salimi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Chatrabgoun
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and Statistics, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Kamran Akbarzadeh
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Oshaghi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sayena Rafizadeh
- Ministry of Health, National Institute for Medical Research Development (NIMAD), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mustapha A Yusuf
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yavar Rassi
- Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences(TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Salazar-Souza M, Couri MS, Aguiar VM. Chronology of the Intrapuparial Development of the Blowfly Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Calliphoridae): Application in Forensic Entomology. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:825-832. [PMID: 29659922 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insects display different patterns of development, and blow flies have one of the most specialized patterns of intrapuparial development of all. In forensic entomology, pupae can be used as a tool to estimate the minimum postmortem time interval (minPMI). We analyzed the intrapuparial development of Chrysomya albiceps (Diptera: Caloricidade), whose larvae had been fed pig lungs and reared in a climate-controlled room at 28°C day/26°C night, 70 ± 10% RH, and 12 h of photophase and monitored daily. After the third-instar larvae abandoned their diet, the process of pupariation and pupation was monitored. At pre-established times, five pupae were collected, euthanized, and fixed in 5% formaldehyde, inside polypropylene test tubes with caps. Since they were the first, they were classified as 0 h pupae. Twelve collections occurred until the emergence of the adults, at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24, 30, 48, 54, 72, 78, 96, and 99 h (n = 84). The fixed pupae were dissected under the microscope, with the aid of anatomical tweezers and hypodermic needles, and photographed. The stages of metamorphosis and the morphological alterations occurring during the process were identified, described, and recorded before and after pupation. These phases were: pupation, larval pupal apolysis, cryptocephalic, phanerocephalic, pharate adult, emergence, and adult. The cryptophalic phase occurred between 4 and 6 h after pupation; the phanerocephalic phase between 6 and 10 h after; the pharate adult phase between 24 and 96 h after; and the imago/emergence phase 99 h after pupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mônica Salazar-Souza
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Márcia S Couri
- Departamento de Entomologia, Laboratório de Diptera, Museu Nacional/UFRJ. Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n., São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/CNPq, SHIS QI 1 Conjunto B, Blocos A, B, C e D, Lago Sul, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Valeria M Aguiar
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Biodiversidade Neotropical), Urca, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Biomédico, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Salimi M, Rassi Y, Oshaghi M, Chatrabgoun O, Limoee M, Rafizadeh S. Temperature requirements for the growth of immature stages of blowflies species, Chrysomya albiceps and Calliphora vicina, (Diptera:Calliphoridae) under laboratory conditions. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-018-0060-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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