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Lucini D, Pagani M. Exercise Prescription to Foster Health and Well-Being: A Behavioral Approach to Transform Barriers into Opportunities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:968. [PMID: 33499284 PMCID: PMC7908585 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The current literature contains multiple examples of exercise interventions to foster health and to prevent/treat many chronic non-communicable diseases; stress and functional syndromes. On the other hand, sedentariness is increasing and to transform a sedentary subject into a regular exerciser is not only very difficult but considered by some unrealistic in current clinical practice. Ideally a physical activity intervention may be considered actually efficacious when it outgrows the research setting and becomes embedded in a system, ensuring maintenance and sustainability of its health benefits. Physicians need specific skills to improve patients' exercise habits. These range from traditional clinical competencies, to technical competencies to correctly prescribe exercise, to competencies in behavioral medicine to motivate the subject. From a behavioral and medical point of view, an exercise prescription may be considered correct only if the subject actually performs the prescribed exercise and this results in an improvement of physiological mechanisms such as endocrine, immunological and autonomic controls. Here we describe a model of intervention intended to nurture exercise prescription in everyday clinical setting. It aims to a tailored prescription, starts from the subject's assessment, continues defining clinical goals/possible limitations and ends when the subject is performing exercise obtaining results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy;
- Exercise Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Massimo Pagani
- BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, 20122 Milano, Italy;
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Dal Lin C, Tona F, Osto E. The Heart as a Psychoneuroendocrine and Immunoregulatory Organ. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1065:225-239. [PMID: 30051388 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-77932-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The heart can be viewed not just as muscle pump but also as an important checkpoint for a complex network of nervous, endocrine, and immune signals. The heart is able to process neurological signals independently from the brain and to crosstalk with the endocrine and immune systems. The heart communicates with the psyche through the neuro-endocrine-immune system in a highly integrated way, in order to maintain the homeostasis of the whole body with peculiarities specific to males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Dal Lin
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Osto
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Federal Institute of Technology Zurich ETHZ, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich and University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Lucini D, Zanuso S, Solaro N, Vigo C, Malacarne M, Pagani M. Reducing the risk of metabolic syndrome at the worksite: preliminary experience with an ecological approach. Acta Diabetol 2016; 53:63-71. [PMID: 25863782 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-015-0744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Given the time spent at work, the workplace represents an ideal setting to implement preventive programs for non-communicable diseases, the major cause of mortality and morbidity in Western and developing countries. We sought to verify if an ecological approach based on corporate culture, employees' education and concrete modifications of workplace environment, offering easy opportunity to assume healthy lifestyle, could be associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk. METHODS The study involved 1089 workers in two multinational companies following different workplace health promotion policies. Company A offered to all employees the opportunity to access a web platform dedicated to general information on health and diseases. Company B implemented an ecological model encompassing company culture, employees' education and concrete modifications of workplace environment, giving to all employees the opportunity to adopt healthy solutions throughout daily living at workplace. Participants volunteered self-reported clinical information using an IT tool. Numbers of Metabolic Syndrome components (MetS) were taken as proxy of cardiometabolic risk. RESULTS MetS probability obtained via statistical modeling was lower in company B as compared to company A, and absenteeism was also lower in company B. Our study shows that a work environment favoring assumption of healthy lifestyle, as in company B, is associated with a lower percentage of employees with MetS components and lower absenteeism. Moreover, statistical modeling shows that individual probabilities of being without MetS elements, controlling for age and gender, is remarkably higher in company B. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that ecological approaches might be useful in worksite prevention policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- BIOMETRA, University of Milano, Milan, Italy.
- Sezione Medicina dell'Esercizio e Patologie Funzionali, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy.
| | - Silvano Zanuso
- University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, London, UK
- Technogym Scientific Department, Cesena, Italy
| | - Nadia Solaro
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Vigo
- BIOMETRA, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Sezione Medicina dell'Esercizio e Patologie Funzionali, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Malacarne
- BIOMETRA, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
- Sezione Medicina dell'Esercizio e Patologie Funzionali, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, Rozzano, 20089, Milan, Italy
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Grisé KN, Olver TD, McDonald MW, Dey A, Jiang M, Lacefield JC, Shoemaker JK, Noble EG, Melling CWJ. High Intensity Aerobic Exercise Training Improves Deficits of Cardiovascular Autonomic Function in a Rat Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus with Moderate Hyperglycemia. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8164518. [PMID: 26885531 PMCID: PMC4739461 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8164518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Indices of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in experimental models of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are often contrary to clinical data. Here, we investigated whether a relatable insulin-treated model of T1DM would induce deficits in cardiovascular (CV) autonomic function more reflective of clinical results and if exercise training could prevent those deficits. Sixty-four rats were divided into four groups: sedentary control (C), sedentary T1DM (D), control exercise (CX), or T1DM exercise (DX). Diabetes was induced via multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin and blood glucose was maintained at moderate hyperglycemia (9-17 mM) through insulin supplementation. Exercise training consisted of daily treadmill running for 10 weeks. Compared to C, D had blunted baroreflex sensitivity, increased vascular sympathetic tone, increased serum neuropeptide Y (NPY), and decreased intrinsic heart rate. In contrast, DX differed from D in all measures of CAN (except NPY), including heart rate variability. These findings demonstrate that this T1DM model elicits deficits and exercise-mediated improvements to CV autonomic function which are reflective of clinical T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth N. Grisé
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - T. Dylan Olver
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Matthew W. McDonald
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Adwitia Dey
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - Mao Jiang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - James C. Lacefield
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Medical Biophysics and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
| | - J. Kevin Shoemaker
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6C 2R5
| | - Earl G. Noble
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada N6C 2R5
| | - C. W. James Melling
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada N6A 3K7
- *C. W. James Melling:
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Lucini D, Cesana G, Vigo C, Malacarne M, Pagani M. Reducing weight in an internal medicine outpatient clinic using a lifestyle medicine approach: A proof of concept. Eur J Intern Med 2015; 26:680-4. [PMID: 26076943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic non-communicable diseases represent the major drivers of disease burden, being responsible for the majority of health care cost and deaths. Almost half of premature deaths is due to behaviors amenable to change. Accordingly, addressing behavior might represent a strategic change in the health delivery system. Improving lifestyle requires a specific strategy embedding the active collaboration of individuals with a multilevel team-oriented medical practice. With the present study we sought to assess whether the implementation of cognitive-behavioral strategies, following the principles of lifestyle medicine in an outpatient clinic provides better results in weight reduction as compared to simpler strategies as presently executed in General Practitioners' offices. METHODS This is an observational study on 173 subjects (age 53.1 ± 11.5), comparing three different groups of preventive practice: a personalized lifestyle medicine, combining cognitive behavioral strategies with patient tailored prescription of exercise and nutrition (Group A); a semi-structured approach with generic counseling (Group B); and an unstructured advice (Group C). RESULTS At the end of the intervention period (17-20 months), group A showed an average weight loss of 5.4 ± 5.1 kg, which was significantly (p<0.001)more than observed in group B (2.8 ± 5.1 kg) and group C (1.2 ± 4.8 kg). Likewise BMI and waist were progressively more reduced from A to C. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to implement preventive cognitive-behavioral lifestyle strategies in outpatient internal medicine clinics. This methodology appears more efficacious in inducing weight reduction after more than a year as compared to usual family medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- University of Milan, Department BIOMETRA, Milan, Italy; Exercise Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Chiara Vigo
- University of Milan, Department BIOMETRA, Milan, Italy; Exercise Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Malacarne
- University of Milan, Department BIOMETRA, Milan, Italy; Exercise Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Pagani
- Exercise Medicine Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Pagani M, Lucini D. Cost-effectiveness of preparticipation screening of athletes with ECG in Europe and Algeria. Intern Emerg Med 2015; 10:125-7. [PMID: 25605676 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-014-1180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pagani
- University of Milano, Corso Magenta 83/2, 20123, Milan, Italy,
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Lucini D, Zanuso S, Blair S, Pagani M. A simple healthy lifestyle index as a proxy of wellness: a proof of concept. Acta Diabetol 2015; 52:81-9. [PMID: 24915785 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-014-0605-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The evidence supporting the importance of a healthy lifestyle (active life, healthy diet, not smoking, and low stress) as a part of programs for primary and secondary prevention of cardiometabolic diseases is strong, compelling, and continuously growing. In this study, we test whether a simple web-based healthy lifestyle index, using self-reports, is related to indices of cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome and could be employed in large wellness programs intended to promote healthy lifestyle. We studied 411 workers in an Italian multinational factory who were enrolled in a voluntary program consisting of a health checkup and an online questionnaire on lifestyle. These domains were combined into a single simple index. Participants were subdivided into three healthy lifestyle index (HI) groups (red, yellow, and green) ranging from poor to good HI quality (HI from red to green: 41.8 ± 14.6; 75.7 ± 8.5; 93.8 ± 2.2; p < 0.05). The groups differed in indicators of cardiovascular and metabolic health (waist circumference females: 82.1 ± 9.56, 78.9 ± 9.3, 72.7 ± 6.6; males: 95.2 ± 11.7, 90.0 ± 9.5, 85.7 ± 6.1 cm; group difference p < 0.05). Moreover, they differed significantly in the likelihood of having more components of the metabolic syndrome and, conversely, fewer components of the ideal cardiovascular health profile (with red having the worst profile). The red group was also characterized by the highest absenteeism. We report for the first time that a web-based self-reported poor health behavior was significantly associated with clinical and laboratory (partial correlation between HI and high-density cholesterol 0.192; body mass index -0.288; systolic blood pressure -0.130; all p < 0.05) results indicating a negative cardiometabolic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- Centro di ricerca Terapia Neurovegetativa e Medicina dell'esercizio, University of Milano, Milano, Italy,
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Lucini D, Pagani M. From stress to functional syndromes: an internist's point of view. Eur J Intern Med 2012; 23:295-301. [PMID: 22560374 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this brief review we address schematically the relationship between two emerging issues in clinical medicine: stress and functional syndromes. It is becoming increasingly clear that they demand a multidimensional approach, considering simultaneously elements of behavioral therapy with traditional pharmacological treatment, guided by a better physiopathological understanding including autonomic assessment. New techniques, based on innovative analysis of continuous segments of electrocardiogram and non invasive arterial pressure recordings capable to extract hidden oscillations, provide quantitative indices of sympathetic and vagal modulation of the cardiovascular system. This more complete diagnostic process facilitates explanation of symptoms and reassurance of patients, based on functional evidence. The described clinical approach implies in addition an active collaboration of patients requiring the implementation of a creative alliance. Physical exercise, eating habits and muscular-mental relaxation are combined with pharmacological tools as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- Centro di Ricerca Terapia Neurovegetativa e Medicina dell'Esercizio, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
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Lucini D, Pagani M. Chronic physical exercise: beneficial effects overcome risks when correctly prescribed. Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:e144-5. [PMID: 22075303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lucini D, Solaro N, Lesma A, Gillet VB, Pagani M. Health promotion in the workplace: assessing stress and lifestyle with an intranet tool. J Med Internet Res 2011; 13:e88. [PMID: 22068357 PMCID: PMC3222199 DOI: 10.2196/jmir.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic noncommunicable conditions, particularly cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, are the major causes of death and morbidity in both industrialized and low- to middle-income countries. Recent epidemiological investigations suggest that management of lifestyle factors, such as stress and lack of physical activity, could have an important value in cardiometabolic conditions, while information technology tools could play a significant facilitatory role. OBJECTIVES The objective of our study was to verify the feasibility of using a private website, directed to the workers of a major Italian company, to describe their health profile and lifestyle and work habits using an ad hoc self-administered questionnaire. METHODS We administered anonymous multiple choice Web-based questionnaires to 945 participants (683 completed the task) as part of an ongoing health promotion program in a multinational company. Qualitative and quantitative data were synthesized with nonlinear principal component analysis to construct indicators (ie, variables) for stress, control, and lifestyle domains. Considering in addition absenteeism, the Calinski-Harabasz statistic and cluster analysis jointly differentiated seven clusters, which displayed different distributions of standardized classification variables. The final step consisted in assessing the relationship of the resulting seven subject typologies with personal data, illnesses, and metabolic syndrome status, carried out for the most part with descriptive methods. RESULTS Statistical analyses singled out two not-overlapping domains of stress and control, as well as three not-overlapping domains of physical activity, smoking, and alcohol habits. The centroids of the seven clusters generated by the procedure were significantly (P < .001) different considering all possible 21 comparisons between couples of groups. Percentage distributions of variables describing personal information (gender, age group, work category, illness status, or metabolic syndrome) within participant typologies show some noteworthy findings: females, workers aged 35-44 years, junior white collar workers, and respondents reporting illness were more prevalent in the stress group than in the overall studied population; preclinical metabolic syndrome status was more prevalent in the group with higher alcohol consumption. Absentees reported more illness. CONCLUSIONS The present Intranet-based study shows the potential of applying diverse statistical techniques to deal jointly with qualitative and quantitative self-reported data. The resulting formal description of subject typologies and their relationship with personal characteristics might provide a convenient tool for supporting health promotion in the work environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Lucini
- Centro di ricerca sulla Terapia Neurovegetativa e Medicina dell'Esercizio, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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