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Tagi VM, Fiore G, Tricella C, Eletti F, Visioli A, Bona F, Zuccotti G, Corsello A, Verduci E. Sex- and gender-based medicine in pediatric nutrition. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:159. [PMID: 39218991 PMCID: PMC11368030 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Consistent evidence increasingly highlights the significance of integrating sex and gender medicine to ensure a precision approach according to individual patient needs. Gender discrepancies emerge across various areas, even from pediatric age. The importance of recognizing these differences in pediatric nutrition is critical for the development of targeted nutritional strategies and interventions, particularly in cases of associated pathologies, including obesity, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, eating disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. The review highlights the biological and sociocultural factors that contribute to different nutritional needs and health outcomes in male and female children. By examining current evidence, we underscore the necessity for precision medicine approaches in pediatric care that consider these sex- and gender-based differences. Moreover, differences in dietary requirements and dietary patterns between males and females are evident, underscoring the need for precise nutrition strategies for a more accurate management of children and adolescents. This approach is essential for improving clinical outcomes and promoting equitable healthcare practices. This review aims to provide an overview of nutrition-related medical conditions exhibiting sex- and gender-specific discrepancies, which might lead to distinct outcomes requiring unique management and prevention strategies. Future research and public health initiatives should address these differences in designing effective lifestyle education programs and nutrition interventions targeting both children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Maria Tagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Tricella
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Eletti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Visioli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Bona
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Corsello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mouslih A, El Rhazi K, Bahra N, Lakhdar Idrissi M, Hida M. Celiac Disease in Moroccan Children: Diagnostic Characteristics and Determinants of Diagnosis Delay. Cureus 2023; 15:e50800. [PMID: 38125690 PMCID: PMC10731523 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in the field of celiac disease have led to a better understanding of the disease, but it remains underdiagnosed and poses a daily challenge to clinicians to make a timely diagnosis. This study aims to analyze and describe diagnosis characteristics, diagnosis delay, and the factors influencing this delay in Moroccan children. Our study included 324 children diagnosed during the study period from January 01, 2010, to December 30, 2019, at the Department of Pediatrics, Hassan II University Hospital in Fez, Morocco. Data were collected using a collection grid and then analyzed using SPSS 26 software (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). The results showed a female predominance (n=197, 60.8%), with a diagnosis age of 73.8±46.8 months. The mean age onset of symptoms was 51.3±41.2 months, and the diagnosis delay was 22.2±22.6 months, with only 32.7% (n=106) diagnosed less than 12 months after symptom onset. The most common consultation reason was diarrhea (n=149, 46%) and growth delay (n=105, 32.4%) and 50.5% (n=98) of parents consulted a pediatrician first. The three clinical, serologic, and histologic criteria made it possible to agree on the diagnosis, with the clinical profile dominated by the digestive form at 84.9% (n=279), serologic with the presence of IgA transglutaminase antibodies (95.7%; n=310), and histologic with villous atrophy at 91.7% (n=297). Unfortunately, 14.8% (n=48) of the children were diagnosed with a celiac crisis. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that as symptoms onset age increased, so did the risk of late diagnosis (OR=0.96, 95% CI: 0.94 to 0.97, p<0.001). Age of diagnosis was also associated with delayed diagnosis (OR=19.68, 95% CI: 8.77 to 44.15, p<0.001). The combination of these variables and the diagnosis delay argues in favor of adopting a diagnosis strategy that includes raising awareness among healthcare professionals of the need to identify typical and atypical cases early in order to reduce the adverse effects of late diagnosis and the complications that can result. This methodology for improving diagnoses may also unearth previously unknown aspects of celiac disease in Moroccan children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assia Mouslih
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MAR
| | - Karima El Rhazi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MAR
| | - Nassiba Bahra
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MAR
| | - Mounia Lakhdar Idrissi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy/ Epidemiology and Health Science Research Laboratory, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, MAR
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MAR
| | - Moustapha Hida
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy/ Epidemiology and Health Science Research Laboratory, Hassan II University Hospital, Fez, MAR
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, MAR
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3
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Szakács Z, Farkas N, Nagy E, Bencs R, Vereczkei Z, Bajor J. Clinical Presentation Is Dependent on Age and Calendar Year of Diagnosis in Celiac Disease: A Hungarian Cross-Sectional Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030487. [PMID: 36983669 PMCID: PMC10054661 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
International trends indicate that celiac disease (CeD) is becoming more common, while the clinical presentation of CeD tends to change. We aimed to investigate factors associated with the clinical presentation of CeD. We reviewed all CeD cases diagnosed at our tertiary center, University of Pécs (Hungary), between 1992 and 2019. We collected data of verified CeD patients on clinical presentations (classified by the Oslo Classification), the age at and calendar year of diagnosis, and sex, serology and histology at diagnosis. To assess the associations of baseline variables with clinical presentations, we applied univariate and multivariate (binary logistic regression) statistics. A total of 738 CeD patients were eligible for inclusion. In the univariate analysis, patients with classical CeD were more common in the latest calendar period (p < 0.001) and tended to be older (p = 0.056), but we failed to observe a significant association between the clinical presentation and sex, serology or histology at diagnosis. In the multivariate analysis, only age at diagnosis and calendar year were independently associated with clinical presentations (OR = 1.02, CI: 1.01-1.04 and OR = 0.93, CI: 0.89-0.98, respectively). Our findings confirmed that classical CeD is independently associated with age at diagnosis and calendar year of diagnosis of CeD, whereas other parameters were not significantly associated with clinical presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Szakács
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str 13., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nelli Farkas
- Institute for Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Enikő Nagy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str 13., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Réka Bencs
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrological Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pacsirta Str 1., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Vereczkei
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Szigeti Str 12, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Sport Nutrition and Hydration, Institute of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Vörösmarty Mihály Str 4., H-7621 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Bajor
- First Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság Str 13., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Lenti MV, Aronico N, Bianchi PI, D'Agate CC, Neri M, Volta U, Mumolo MG, Astegiano M, Calabrò AS, Zingone F, Latella G, Di Sario A, Carroccio A, Ciacci C, Luzza F, Bagnato C, Fantini MC, Elli L, Cammarota G, Gasbarrini A, Portincasa P, Latorre MA, Petrucci C, Quatraccioni C, Iannelli C, Vecchione N, Rossi CM, Broglio G, Ianiro G, Marsilio I, Bibbò S, Marinoni B, Tomaselli D, Abenavoli L, Pilia R, Santacroce G, Lynch E, Carrieri A, Mansueto P, Gabba M, Alunno G, Rossi C, Onnis F, Efthymakis K, Cesaro N, Vernero M, Baiano Svizzero F, Semeraro FP, Silano M, Vanoli A, Klersy C, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A. Diagnostic delay in adult coeliac disease: An Italian multicentre study. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 55:743-750. [PMID: 36567177 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few data regarding the diagnostic delay and its predisposing factors in coeliac disease (CD). AIMS To investigate the overall, the patient-dependant, and the physician-dependant diagnostic delays in CD. METHODS CD adult patients were retrospectively enroled at 19 Italian CD outpatient clinics (2011-2021). Overall, patient-dependant, and physician-dependant diagnostic delays were assessed. Extreme diagnostic, i.e., lying above the third quartile of our population, was also analysed. Multivariable regression models for factors affecting the delay were fitted. RESULTS Overall, 2362 CD patients (median age at diagnosis 38 years, IQR 27-46; M:F ratio=1:3) were included. The median overall diagnostic delay was 8 months (IQR 5-14), while patient- and physician-dependant delays were 3 (IQR 2-6) and 4 (IQR 2-6) months, respectively. Previous misdiagnosis was associated with greater physician-dependant (1.076, p = 0.005) and overall (0.659, p = 0.001) diagnostic delays. Neurological symptoms (odds ratio 2.311, p = 0.005) and a previous misdiagnosis (coefficient 9.807, p = 0.000) were associated with a greater extreme physician-dependant delay. Gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 1.880, p = 0.004), neurological symptoms (OR 2.313, p = 0.042), and previous misdiagnosis (OR 4.265, p = 0.000) were associated with increased extreme overall diagnostic delay. CONCLUSION We identified some factors that hamper CD diagnosis. A proper screening strategy for CD should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Aronico
- First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paola Ilaria Bianchi
- First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Carmela Cinzia D'Agate
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Neri
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Umberto Volta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Gloria Mumolo
- Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Astegiano
- SC Gastroenterologia AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonino Salvatore Calabrò
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, and Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Latella
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sario
- Department of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Internal Medicine Unit, "V. Cervello Hospital", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Luzza
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmela Bagnato
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Madonna delle Grazie Hospital, Matera, Italy
| | | | - Luca Elli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cammarota
- Digestive Disease Centre, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Digestive Disease Centre, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Andrea Latorre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Petrucci
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Quatraccioni
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Chiara Iannelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Vecchione
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, University Hospital "G. Rodolico", Catania, Italy
| | - Carlo Maria Rossi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Broglio
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ianiro
- Digestive Disease Centre, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marsilio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, and Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedale Università, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Bibbò
- Digestive Disease Centre, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Università Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Marinoni
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Riccardo Pilia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erica Lynch
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio" University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonella Carrieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Internal Medicine Unit, "V. Cervello Hospital", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Margherita Gabba
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Alunno
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Rossi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Transplantation, Polytechnic Marche University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesca Onnis
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Efthymakis
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Cesaro
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Marta Vernero
- SC Gastroenterologia AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alessandro Vanoli
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, and IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Catherine Klersy
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry Service, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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7
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Zingone F, Secchettin E, Marsilio I, Valiante F, Zorzetto V, Cataudella G, D'Odorico A, Canova C. Clinical features and psychological impact of celiac disease at diagnosis. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:1565-1570. [PMID: 34108093 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM We aimed to describe the socio-demographic, behavioral and clinical profiles of adult patients with newly diagnosed celiac disease (CeD) and their possible association with QoL and psychological symptoms. METHODS Adults newly diagnosed with CeD and residents in the Veneto region were included. Their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, mode of diagnosis, duration of symptoms before diagnosis and comorbidities were recorded. All patients completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires. RESULTS Between 2016 and 2019, 110 CeD patients (81% females, mean age 37.5) were recruited. At diagnosis, patients were categorized into classical (n = 56), nonclassical CeD (n = 49) and asymptomatic (n = 5) groups. Patients with classical presentation had a lower QoL than nonclassical patients, who were found to be more depressed. We observed a diagnosis delay of more than 7 months in more than 60% of patients with both classical and nonclassical presentations and we found that a longer duration of GI symptoms decreased the self-reported SF36 scores in the physical health (p = 0.002), social functioning (p = 0.03) and general health (p = 0.009) domains. Women had an overall lower self-perceived QoL. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic presentation at CeD diagnosis, diagnostic delay and sex may affect QoL and psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Erica Secchettin
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marsilio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Flavio Valiante
- Santa Maria del Prato Hospital, ULSS 1 Dolomiti, Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Feltre, BL, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna D'Odorico
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padua, Italy
| | - Cristina Canova
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy.
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8
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Galli G, Carabotti M, Pilozzi E, Lahner E, Annibale B, Conti L. Relationship between Persistent Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Duodenal Histological Findings after Adequate Gluten-Free Diet: A Gray Area of Celiac Disease Management in Adult Patients. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020600. [PMID: 33673062 PMCID: PMC7918091 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A gluten-free diet (GFD) leads to a rapid improvement in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, biochemical alterations and duodenal histological damage in the majority of celiac disease (CD) patients. This study aimed to assess the frequency and factors associated with the persistence of GI symptoms/malabsorption signs and their relationship with duodenal histological findings among CD patients on an adequate GFD (mean duration 16 months, range 12-28 months). This longitudinal cohort study included 102 adult CD patients (median age 38.5 years, range 18-76 years, F = 71.6%) diagnosed between 2012 and 2018. A total of 36.3% of the included patients had persistent GI symptoms and/or malabsorption signs (Group 1), while the remaining patients had complete GI well-being without malabsorption signs (Group 2) at the time of histological re-evaluation. The persistence of GI symptoms/signs was associated with a long duration of symptoms/signs before CD diagnosis (≥5 years) (OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.3-21.8) and the presence of constipation at the time of CD diagnosis (OR 7.5; 95% CI 1.3-42) while for other variables, including age at CD diagnosis, sex, duration of GFD, comorbidities, CD serology positivity and severity of duodenal damage at histological re-evaluation, no association was found. According to our results, the persistence of symptoms/signs is not associated with histological findings, and their relationship could be a gray area in CD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Galli
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (E.L.); (B.A.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marilia Carabotti
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (E.L.); (B.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Emanuela Pilozzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Roma, Italy;
| | - Edith Lahner
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (E.L.); (B.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (E.L.); (B.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Conti
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sant’Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Roma, Italy; (M.C.); (E.L.); (B.A.); (L.C.)
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