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Pagnesi M, Metra M, Cohen-Solal A, Edwards C, Adamo M, Tomasoni D, Lam CSP, Chioncel O, Diaz R, Filippatos G, Ponikowski P, Sliwa K, Voors AA, Kimmoun A, Novosadova M, Takagi K, Barros M, Damasceno A, Saidu H, Gayat E, Pang PS, Celutkiene J, Cotter G, Mebazaa A, Davison B. Uptitrating Treatment After Heart Failure Hospitalization Across the Spectrum of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023; 81:2131-2144. [PMID: 37257948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.03.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with a poor prognosis regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). STRONG-HF showed the efficacy and safety of a strategy of rapid uptitration of oral treatment for heart failure (HF) and close follow-up (high-intensity care), compared with usual care, in patients recently hospitalized for AHF and enrolled independently from their LVEF. OBJECTIVES In this study, we sought to assess the impact of baseline LVEF on the effects of high-intensity care vs usual care in STRONG-HF. METHODS The STRONG-HF trial enrolled patients hospitalized for AHF with any LVEF and not treated with full doses of renin-angiotensin inhibitors, beta-blockers, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. High-intensity care with uptitration of oral medications was performed independently from LVEF. The primary endpoint was the composite of HF rehospitalization or all-cause death at day 180. RESULTS Among the 1,078 patients randomized, 731 (68%) had LVEF ≤40% and 347 (32%) had LVEF >40%. The treatment benefit of high-intensity care vs usual care on the primary endpoint was consistent across the whole LVEF spectrum (interaction P with LVEF as a continuous variable = 0.372). Mean difference in the EQ-5D visual analog scale change from baseline to day 90 between treatment arms was slightly greater at higher LVEF values, but with no interaction between LVEF as a continuous variable and the treatment strategy (interaction P = 0.358). Serious adverse events were also independent from LVEF. CONCLUSIONS Rapid uptitration of oral medications for HF and close follow-up reduce 180-day death and HF rehospitalization after AHF hospitalization independently from LVEF. (Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Rapid Optimization, Helped by NT-ProBNP Testing, of Heart Failure Therapies [STRONG-HF]; NCT03412201).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Pagnesi
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Alain Cohen-Solal
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 942 (MASCOT), Paris, France; Department of Cardiology, Lariboisière University Hospital, AP-HP Nord, Paris, France
| | | | - Marianna Adamo
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomasoni
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiologic Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- National Heart Centre Singapore and Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ovidiu Chioncel
- Emergency Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases "Prof C.C. Iliescu," University of Medicine "Carol Davila," Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rafael Diaz
- Estudios Clínicos Latinoamérica, Instituto Cardiovascular de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gerasimos Filippatos
- School of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karen Sliwa
- Cape Heart Institute, Department of Medicine and Cardiology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine Kimmoun
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, Défaillance Circulatoire Aigue et Chronique, and Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation Brabois, CHRU de Nancy, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Koji Takagi
- Momentum Research, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Hadiza Saidu
- Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital/Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Etienne Gayat
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 942 (MASCOT), Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, Saint-Louis and Lariboisière Hospitals, FHU PROMICE, DMU Parabol, AP/HP Nord, Paris, France
| | - Peter S Pang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jelena Celutkiene
- Clinic of Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Gad Cotter
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 942 (MASCOT), Paris, France; Momentum Research, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandre Mebazaa
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 942 (MASCOT), Paris, France; Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Burn Unit, Saint-Louis and Lariboisière Hospitals, FHU PROMICE, DMU Parabol, AP/HP Nord, Paris, France
| | - Beth Davison
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S 942 (MASCOT), Paris, France; Momentum Research, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Bazmpani MA, Papanastasiou CA, Kamperidis V, Zebekakis PE, Karvounis H, Kalogeropoulos AP, Karamitsos TD. Contemporary Data on the Status and Medical Management of Acute Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:2009-2022. [PMID: 36385324 PMCID: PMC9747828 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Acute heart failure (AHF) is among the leading causes for unplanned hospital admission. Despite advancements in the management of chronic heart failure, the prognosis of AHF remains poor with high in-hospital mortality and increased rates of unfavorable post-discharge outcomes. With this review, we aim to summarize current data on AHF epidemiology, focus on the different patient profiles and classifications, and discuss management, including novel therapeutic options in this area. RECENT FINDINGS There is significant heterogeneity among patients admitted for AHF in their baseline characteristics, heart failure (HF) aetiology and precipitating factors leading to decompensation. A novel classification scheme based on four distinct clinical scenarios has been included in the most recent ESC guidelines, in an effort to better risk stratify patients and guide treatment. Intravenous diuretics, vasodilators, and inotropes remain the cornerstone of management in the acute phase, and expansion of use of mechanical circulatory support has been noted in recent years. Meanwhile, many treatments that have proved their value in chronic heart failure demonstrate promising results in the setting of AHF and research in this field is currently ongoing. Acute heart failure remains a major health challenge with high in-hospital mortality and unfavorable post-discharge outcomes. Admission for acute HF represents a window of opportunity for patients to initiate appropriate treatment as soon as possible after stabilization. Future studies are needed to elucidate which patients will benefit the most by available therapies and define the optimal timing for treatment implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anna Bazmpani
- First Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakides Str, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos A Papanastasiou
- First Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakides Str, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileios Kamperidis
- First Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakides Str, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis E Zebekakis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1St Department of Medicine, Medical School, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Haralambos Karvounis
- First Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakides Str, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Theodoros D Karamitsos
- First Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 1 Stilponos Kyriakides Str, 54636, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Kim KA, Kim ES, Youn JC, Lee HS, Jeon S, Lee HY, Cho HJ, Choi JO, Jeon ES, Lee SE, Kim MS, Kim JJ, Hwang KK, Cho MC, Chae SC, Kang SM, Choi DJ, Yoo BS, Kim KH, Oh BH, Baek SH. A dose-response relationship of renin-angiotensin system blockers and beta-blockers in patients with acute heart failure syndrome: a nationwide prospective cohort study. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY 2022; 8:587-599. [PMID: 35088082 DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It remains unclear if patients with acute heart failure syndrome (AHFS) need to reach the maximally tolerated doses of renin-angiotensin system blockers (RASBs) or beta-blockers (BBs) to obtain a survival benefit. This study evaluated the dose-response relationship between RASBs or BBs and survival in AHFS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS In total, 5331 patients in the Korean Acute Heart Failure registry were analysed based on the doses of RASBs and BBs at discharge. In AHFS patients, RASB use at discharge was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause mortality risk. This effect was dose-dependent for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) but did not attain statistical significance for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). BB use at discharge was associated with reduced all-cause mortality in HFrEF patients but not in HFpEF patients. In an additional analysis of 4613 patients with dosage information at the first post-discharge follow-up visit, a significantly higher mortality risk was associated with the maintenance or withdrawal of RASBs compared with up-titrating the dose in HFrEF patients. CONCLUSION Using RASBs or BBs at discharge was associated with improved survival. A dose-response relationship between RASBs and all-cause mortality was evident in AHFS patients with a reduced ejection fraction but not BBs. It is important to initiate and up-titrate RASBs to the maximally tolerated dose in AHFS patients during the transition period, especially for patients with a reduced ejection fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung An Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, 222, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Soon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Youn
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, 222, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jeon
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Oh Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Joong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Kuk Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong-Chan Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Shung Chull Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University College of Medicine, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Min Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ju Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Su Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26413, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Hun Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hee Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon 14754, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hong Baek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Banpo-daero, 222, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Jaster JH, Ottaviani G. Acute Heart Failure, 90-Day Mortality, and Gravitational Ischemia in the Brain. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061473. [PMID: 35741284 PMCID: PMC9221596 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 90 days following hospitalization for acute heart failure, the ejection fraction and type of discharge medications have been shown in clinical trials to have little effect on mortality. We examined the recent literature addressing brain-related etiologies of sudden death following heart failure. Two mechanisms of sudden unexpected death have been suggested to possibly result from four significant influences on pathophysiology in the brain. The two causes of sudden death are (1) severe cardiac arrhythmia and (2) neurogenic pulmonary edema. They are both mediated through the brainstem autonomic nuclei generally and executed specifically through the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve. The four significant influences on pathophysiology, all contributing to ischemia in the brainstem autonomic nuclei, are: (1) Hyper-stimulation of neurons in the solitary tract nucleus, increasing their metabolic requirements; (2) Inadequate blood flow at a vascular watershed terminus, perfusing the autonomic nuclei; (3) Additionally decreased blood flow, globally throughout the brain, following vasoconstriction related to relative hyperventilation and decreased pCO2 levels; (4) Gravitational ischemia in the brainstem caused by the weight of the cerebral hemispheres sitting above the brainstem. Changes in head tilt release gravitational ischemia in the brain. There is no specific head position relative to gravity that is considered favorable or unfavorable for an extended period of time, longer than 24 h. Even a small degree of head elevation, used in managing pulmonary congestion, may increase gravitational ischemia in the posterior fossa and brainstem. In this paper, we suggest a new and important research avenue for intervening in cardiac arrhythmias and preventing their occurrence through the non-invasive use of head-tilting and other head repositioning maneuvers. This could potentially help many geriatric patients with heart failure, who have decreased mobility in bed, and who tend to stay in one position longer, thereby increasing gravitational ischemia in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulia Ottaviani
- Anatomic Pathology, Lino Rossi Research Center, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50320819; Fax: +39-02-50320823
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