Multiple autoimmune syndrome: Clinical, immunological and genotypic characterization

Autoimmune Switch From Graves' Disease to Hashimoto's Thyroiditis With Coexisting Sjogren's Syndrome: A Case of Polyautoimmunity in a Young Woman

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) encompasses a spectrum of conditions ranging from Graves' disease (GD) to Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). These conditions often coexist with other autoimmune diseases (AIDs). This case describes a young woman in her 20s who transitioned from GD to HT during her first pregnancy, while having another coexisting AID, Sjogren's syndrome (SS). AITD and SS are recognized as the most common polyautoimmune diseases, sharing many common pathophysiological characteristics such as the presence of lymphocytic infiltrates, similar expressions of the human leukocyte antigen molecules, and predisposing environmental factors. This case underscores the importance for physicians to be vigilant regarding the possibility of changing antibodies in AITD and the potential for concurrent AIDs in a single individual. It highlights the need for screening such patients for comprehensive management.

Lichen Planopilaris As Part of Multiple Autoimmune Syndrome: A Case Report of New Association

Lichen planopilaris (LPP) is an uncommon inflammatory scalp condition. Its typical clinical presentation includes scaly, erythematous plaques resulting in irreversible alopecia. In this study, we report a female in her late 30s with hypothyroidism and Crohn's disease. She presented with gradual, localized hair loss that had been ongoing for the past four months. A thorough physical examination, and complemented by dermoscopic evaluation, confirmed the diagnosis of LPP. Individuals who have an autoimmune disease (AID) have a heightened propensity to develop additional AID. The coexistence of three or more AIDs falls under the definition of multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). This is the first case, to the best of our knowledge, of LPP being associated with MAS.