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Pal S, Openy J, Krzyzanowski A, Noisier A, ‘t Hart P. On-Resin Photochemical Decarboxylative Arylation of Peptides. Org Lett 2024; 26:2795-2799. [PMID: 37819674 PMCID: PMC11019635 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe the application of photochemical decarboxylative arylation as a late-stage functionalization reaction for peptides. The reaction uses redox-active esters of aspartic acid and glutamic acid on the solid phase to provide analogues of aromatic amino acids. By using aryl bromides as arylation reagents, a wide variety of amino acids can be accessed without having to synthesize them individually in solution. The reaction is compatible with proteinogenic amino acids and was used to perform a structure-activity relationship study of a PRMT5 binding peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunit Pal
- Chemical
Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Joseph Openy
- Chemical
Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anaïs Noisier
- Medicinal
Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and
Metabolism BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter ‘t Hart
- Chemical
Genomics Centre, Max Planck Institute of
Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Joshi S, Srivastava R. Tracing the pathways and mechanisms involved in medicinal uses of flaxseed with computational methods and bioinformatics tools. Front Chem 2024; 11:1276052. [PMID: 38283897 PMCID: PMC10811174 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1276052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological drugs targeting specific pathways involved in various diseases have seen recent advancement with newer and more efficient emerging drug targets, but these drugs are limited in terms of their side effects and patient adherence. The potential of plant-based diets in the form of functional foods is increasingly being realized as an option to treat and/or prevent several diseases. In this work, we have selected flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum), also known as linseed, to study its pharmacological efficacy and proposed mechanisms of action for medicinal purposes. The target genes of linseed with Disease Specificity Index (DSI >0.6) are compared to the associated genes of diabetes mellitus, decrease in appetite, addictive behavior, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), and the selected genes are further evaluated using in silico methods. The binding affinity of flaxseed to three common target proteins (CCDC28b, PDCD6IP, and USP34) is assessed by docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results show that linseed is safe to use for mutagenic toxicity and other cardiotoxicity measures, but linseed is unsafe for embryotoxicity, hERG toxicity, and cardiac failure. The analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways indicates that flaxseed can be used as a medicinal herb for treatment of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, IBDs, and PCOS.
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3
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Zimecki M, Kaczmarek K. Effects of Modifications on the Immunosuppressive Properties of Cyclolinopeptide A and Its Analogs in Animal Experimental Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092538. [PMID: 33925288 PMCID: PMC8123640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The consequences of manipulations in structure and amino acid composition of native cyclolinopeptide A (CLA) from linen seeds, and its linear precursor on their biological activities and mechanisms of action, are reviewed. The modifications included truncation of the peptide chain, replacement of amino acid residues with proteinogenic or non-proteinogenic ones, modifications of peptide bond, and others. The studies revealed changes in the immunosuppressive potency of these analogs investigated in a number of in vitro and in vivo experimental models, predominantly in rodents, as well as differences in their postulated mechanism of action. The modified peptides were compared with cyclosporine A and parent CLA. Some of the synthesized and investigated peptides show potential therapeutic usefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Zimecki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla Str. 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (K.K.); Tel.: +48-713-709-953 (M.Z.); +48-426-313-156 (K.K.)
| | - Krzysztof Kaczmarek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, S. Żeromskiego Str. 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (K.K.); Tel.: +48-713-709-953 (M.Z.); +48-426-313-156 (K.K.)
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4
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The Anti-Cancer Effect of Linusorb B3 from Flaxseed Oil through the Promotion of Apoptosis, Inhibition of Actin Polymerization, and Suppression of Src Activity in Glioblastoma Cells. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245881. [PMID: 33322712 PMCID: PMC7764463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Linusorbs (LOs) are natural peptides found in flaxseed oil that exert various biological activities. Of LOs, LOB3 ([1–9-NαC]-linusorb B3) was reported to have antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities; however, its anti-cancer activity has been poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated the anti-cancer effect of LOB3 and its underlying mechanism in glioblastoma cells. LOB3 induced apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation of C6 cells by inhibiting the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and p53, as well as promoting the activation of pro-apoptotic caspases, caspase-3 and -9. LOB3 also retarded the migration of C6 cells, which was achieved by suppressing the formation of the actin cytoskeleton critical for the progression, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. Moreover, LOB3 inhibited the activation of the proto-oncogene, Src, and the downstream effector, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), in C6 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that LOB3 plays an anti-cancer role by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting the migration of C6 cells through the regulation of apoptosis-related molecules, actin polymerization, and proto-oncogenes.
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5
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Katarzyńska J, Artym J, Kochanowska I, Jędrzejczak K, Zimecki M, Lisowski M, Wieczorek R, Piotrowski Ł, Marcinek A, Zabrocki J, Jankowski S. 4-Methylpseudoproline analogues of cyclolinopeptide A: Synthesis, structural analysis and evaluation of their suppressive effects in selected immunological assays. Peptides 2020; 132:170365. [PMID: 32622694 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of new analogues of cyclolinopeptide A (CLA) and their linear precursors modified with (R)- and (S)-4-methylpseudoproline in the Pro3-Pro4 fragment are presented. The peptides were tested in comparison with cyclosporine A (CsA) in concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced mouse splenocyte proliferation and in secondary humoral immune response in vitro to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Their effects on expression of selected signaling molecules in the Jurkat T cell line were also determined. In addition, the structural features of the peptides, applying nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism, were analyzed. The results showed that only peptides 7 and 8 modified with (R)-4-methylpseudoproline residue (c(Leu1-Val2-(R)-(αMe)Ser(ΨPro)3-Pro4-Phe5-Phe6-Leu7-Ile8-Ile9) and c(Leu1-Val2-Pro3-(R)-(αMe)Ser(ΨPro)4-Phe5-Phe6-Leu7-Ile8-Ile9), respectively) strongly suppressed mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation and the humoral immune response, with peptide 8 being more potent. Likewise, peptide 8 more strongly elevated expression of Fas, a proapoptotic signaling molecule in Jurkat cells. We postulate that the increased biological activity of peptide 8, compared to the parent molecule and other studied peptides, resulted from its more flexible structure, found on the basis of both CD and NMR studies. CD and NMR spectra showed that replacement of Pro3 by (R)-(αMe)Ser(¬Pro) caused much greater conformational changes than the same replacement of the Pro4 residue. Such a modification could lead to increased conformational freedom of peptide 8, resulting in a greater ability to adopt a more compact structure, better suited to its putative receptor. In conclusion, peptide 8 is a potent immune suppressor which may find application in controlling immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Katarzyńska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karol Jędrzejczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Lisowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Piotrowski
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marcinek
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Stefan Jankowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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6
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Shim YY, Song Z, Jadhav PD, Reaney MJ. Orbitides from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.): A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Linoorbitides and enterolactone mitigate inflammation-induced oxidative stress and loss of intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 64:42-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Burnett PGG, Young LW, Olivia CM, Jadhav PD, Okinyo-Owiti DP, Reaney MJT. Novel flax orbitide derived from genetic deletion. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:90. [PMID: 29783946 PMCID: PMC5963108 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Flaxseed orbitides are homodetic plant cyclic peptides arising from ribosomal synthesis and post-translation modification (N to C cyclization), and lacking cysteine double bonds (Nat Prod Rep 30:108-160, 2013). Screening for orbitide composition was conducted on the flax core collection (FCC) grown at both Saskatoon, Saskatchewan and Morden, Manitoba over three growing seasons (2009-2011). Two flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) accessions 'Hollandia' (CN 98056) and 'Z 11637' (CN 98150) produce neither [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B2 (3) nor [1-9-NαC]-linusorb B3 (1). Mass spectrometry was used to identify novel compounds and elucidate their structure. NMR spectroscopy was used to corroborate structural information. RESULTS Experimental findings indicated that these accessions produce a novel orbitide, identified in three oxidation states having quasimolecular ion peaks at m/z 1072.6 (18), 1088.6 (19), and 1104.6 (20) [M + H]+ corresponding to molecular formulae C57H86N9O9S, C57H86N9O10S, and C57H86N9O11S, respectively. The structure of 19 was confirmed unequivocally as [1-9-NαC]-OLIPPFFLI. PCR amplification and sequencing of the gene coding for 18, using primers developed for 3 and 1, identified the putative linear precursor protein of 18 as being comprised of the first three amino acid residues of 3 (MLI), four conserved amino acid residues of 3 and/or 1 (PPFF), and the last two residues of 1 (LI). CONCLUSION Comparison of gene sequencing data revealed that a 117 base pair deletion had occurred that resulted in truncation of both 3 and 1 to produce a sequence encoding for the novel orbitide precursor of 18. This observation suggests that repeat units of flax orbitide genes are conserved and suggests a novel mechanism for evolution of orbitide gene diversity. Orbitides 19 and 20 contain MetO and MetO2, respectively, and are not directly encoded, but are products of post-translation modification of Met present in 18 ([1-9-NαC]-MLIPPFFLI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peta-Gaye Gillian Burnett
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Lester Warren Young
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Clara Marisa Olivia
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Pramodkumar Dinkar Jadhav
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Denis Paskal Okinyo-Owiti
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
| | - Martin John Tarsisius Reaney
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8 Canada
- Guangdong Saskatchewan Oilseed Joint Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632 Guangdong China
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9
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Jędrzejczak K, Hrynczyszyn P, Szczesio M, Artym J, Jastrząbek T, Kocięba M, Główka M, Huben K, Kochanowska I, Zimecki M, Zabrocki J, Jankowski S, Kolesińska B. Synthesis and biological activity of cyclolinopeptide A analogues modified with γ 4-bis(homo-phenylalanine). Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4265-4276. [PMID: 28662964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cyclolinopeptide A (CLA), an immunosuppressive nonapeptide derived from linen seeds, was modified with S or R-γ4-bis(homo-phenylalanine) in positions 3 or 4, or both 3 and 4. These modifications changed the flexibility of new analogues and distribution of intramolecular hydrogen bonds. Analogues 11 c(Pro1-Pro2-Phe3-S-γ4-hhPhe4-Leu5-Ile6-Ile7-Leu8-Val9), 13 c(Pro1-Pro2-S-γ4-hhPhe3-R-γ4-hhPhe4-Leu5-Ile6-Ile7-Leu8-Val9) and 15 c(Pro1-Pro2-R-γ4-hhPhe3-Phe4-Leu5-Ile6-Ile7-Leu8-Val9) existed as a mixture of stable cis/trans isomers of Pro-Pro peptide bond. The comparison of the relative spatial orientations in crystal state of the two carbonyl groups, neighboring γ-amino acids, revealed conformational similarities to α-peptides. The addition of two -CH2- groups in γ-amino acids led to a more rigid conformation, although a more flexible one was expected. A significant difference in the relative orientation of the carbonyl groups was found for cyclic γ-peptides with a dominance of an antiparallel arrangement. As carbonyl groups may be engaged in the interactions with plausible receptors through hydrogen bonds, a similar biological activity of the modified peptides was expected. Our biological studies showed that certain cyclic, but not the corresponding linear peptides, lowered the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at 100μg/mL concentration. The proliferation of PBMC induced by phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) was strongly inhibited by cyclic peptides only, in a dose-dependant manner. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production in whole blood cell cultures was inhibited by both linear and cyclic peptides. Peptide 15 c(Pro1-Pro2-R-γ4-hhPhe3-Phe4-Leu5-Ile6-Ile7-Leu8-Val9) blocked the expression of caspase-3, inhibited the expression of caspases-8 and -9 in 24h culture of Jurkat cells, and caused DNA fragmentation in these cells, as an indicator of apoptosis. Thus, we revealed a new mechanism of immunosuppressive action of a nonapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jędrzejczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Paweł Hrynczyszyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczesio
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jastrząbek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marek Główka
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Huben
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Iwona Kochanowska
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Stefan Jankowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Beata Kolesińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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10
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Okinyo-Owiti DP, Dong Q, Ling B, Jadhav PD, Bauer R, Maley JM, Reaney MJT, Yang J, Sammynaiken R. Evaluating the cytotoxicity of flaxseed orbitides for potential cancer treatment. Toxicol Rep 2015; 2:1014-1018. [PMID: 28962442 PMCID: PMC5598404 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed as well as its oil component possess antitumor activities against different types of cancer and have been used by some patients as complementary and/or alternative medicine. Linoorbitides (LOBs) are one family of flaxseed compounds that has implications for anticancer and antioxidant activity. The cytotoxicity of [1-9-NαC]-linusorb-B3 (LOB3), [1-9-NαC]-linusorb-B2 (LOB2), [1-9-NαC],[1-Rs,Ss-MetO]-linusorb-B2 ([MetO]-LOB2) and [1-8-NαC],[1-Rs,Ss-MetO]-linusorb-B1 ([MetO]-LOB1) was measured against human breast cancer Sk-Br-3 and MCF7 cell lines and melanoma A375 cell line. Overall cytotoxicity is cell-type specific. It scales as the hydrophobicity and concentration of the LOBs with the most abundant LOB3 being the most cytotoxic. Oral administration of LOB3 as a potential therapeutic agent might not be applicable as a much too high and/or frequent dose would be required to achieve a serum concentration of 400-500 μg/mL due to bioavailability and pharmacokinetic factors. However, LOB3 may be suitable for topical treatment formulations or as a lead compound in developing anticancer LOB derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis P Okinyo-Owiti
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Qiulin Dong
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Binbing Ling
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Pramodkumar D Jadhav
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Robert Bauer
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jason M Maley
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Martin J T Reaney
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jian Yang
- Drug Discovery and Development Research Group, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Ramaswami Sammynaiken
- Saskatchewan Structural Sciences Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
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11
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Jędrzejczak K, Hrynczyszyn P, Artym J, Kocięba M, Zimecki M, Zabrocki J, Jankowski S. Synthesis and biological activity of cyclolinopeptide A analogues modified with γ(3)-bis(homophenylalanine). Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:515-27. [PMID: 25203781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyclolinopeptide A, naturally occurring immunomodulatory nonapeptide, was modified with S or R-γ(3)-bis(homophenylalanine) in positions 3 or 4, or both 3 and 4. The replacement of one or both Phe residues by γ(3)-hhPhe led to decrease of their conformational flexibility in the analogues in comparison to CLA. All cyclic peptides, except 11, exist as isomers with the cis Pro-Pro peptide bond. Cyclic peptide 11 with single modification S-γ(3)-hhPhe(4) exists as a mixture of two isomers and the major isomer (89%) contains all peptide bonds of the trans geometry. The peptides were subjected to several immunological tests in vitro and in vivo. Linear peptides 1-8, precursors of CLA analogues 9-16, were not toxic against human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) but cyclic analogues showed dose-dependent toxicity with exception of peptide 11. Linear peptides did not inhibit mitogen-induced PBMC proliferation whereas cyclic ones inhibited the proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The actions of linear and cyclic peptides with regard to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) production in whole human blood cultures were differential but particularly suppressive in the case of linear compound 6. Therefore, for in vivo tests compounds 6 and 11 were selected. The compounds showed comparable, suppressive actions in induction and effector phases of delayed type hypersensitivity as well as in the carrageenan-induced foot pad edema in mouse models. In summary, linear peptide 6 and cyclic peptide 11 are attractive as potential immune suppressor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Jędrzejczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Poland
| | - Paweł Hrynczyszyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Poland
| | - Jolanta Artym
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maja Kocięba
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Michał Zimecki
- Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, R. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Zabrocki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Poland; Peptaderm Ltd., Rydygiera 8, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefan Jankowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924, Poland.
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12
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Katarzyńska J, Mazur A, Rudzińska E, Artym J, Zimecki M, Jankowski S, Zabrocki J. Cyclolinopeptide derivatives modify methotrexate-induced suppression of the humoral immune response in mice. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4608-17. [PMID: 21839548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High doses of chemotherapeutics in clinical treatment, leading to cell toxicity, can be lowered by co-administration of other immunoregulatory drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of several derivatives of cyclolinopeptide A (CLA), derived from linen seeds, on the suppressive action of metothrexate (MTX) in a mouse model of humoral immune response in vitro. New CLA analogues 1 and 2, and their linear precursors 3 and 4, containing conformationally restricted dipeptide fragment Phe-Phe or D-Phe-D-Phe with ethylene bridge (-CH(2)-CH(2)-) between phenylalanine nitrogens were synthesized. NMR studies and theoretical calculations showed that introduction of locally constraining fragment into CLA molecule increased its overall conformational flexibility. The bioactivity of new CLA analogues was examined in the mouse model of the in vitro secondary humoral immune response, suppressed by methotrexate (MTX). The results revealed differential actions of the peptides such as 1/augmentation of the suppressive activity of MTX or 2/antagonistic effects of the peptides on MTX-induced suppression. Potential advantages for the application of CLA-derived peptides in therapy and structure-activity relationships were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Katarzyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Technical University of Łódź, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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