1
|
Rajendran S, Sivalingam K, Karnam Jayarampillai RP, Wang WL, Salas CO. Friedlӓnder's synthesis of quinolines as a pivotal step in the development of bioactive heterocyclic derivatives in the current era of medicinal chemistry. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1042-1085. [PMID: 35322543 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario of medicinal chemistry, quinoline plays a pivotal role in the design of new heterocyclic compounds with several pharmacological properties, so the search for new synthetic methodologies and their application in drug discovery has been widely studied. So far, many procedures have been performed for the preparation of quinoline scaffolds, among which Friedländer quinoline synthesis plays an important role in obtaining these heterocycles. The Friedländer reaction involves condensation between 2-aminobenzaldehydes and keto-compounds. The quinoline nucleus, once obtained through the Friedländer synthesis, has been extensively modified so that these derivatives can exhibit a large number of biological activities such as anticancer, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, antituberculosis, and antileishmanial properties. In this work, the focus is on the applicability of the Friedländer reaction in the synthesis of various types of bioactive heterocyclic quinoline compounds, which to date has not been reported in the context of medicinal chemistry. The main part of this review selectively focuses on research from 2010 to date and will present highlights of the Friedländer quinoline synthesis procedures and findings to address biological and pharmacological activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satheeshkumar Rajendran
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Wen-Long Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammed ER, Elmasry GF. Development of newly synthesised quinazolinone-based CDK2 inhibitors with potent efficacy against melanoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:686-700. [PMID: 35139719 PMCID: PMC8843100 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2036985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) has been established as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many cancers. Accordingly, this study aimed at developing a new set of quinazolinone-based derivatives as CDK2 inhibitors. The new compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against sixty tumour cell lines. Compounds 5c and 8a showed excellent growth inhibition against the melanoma cell line MDA-MB-435 with GI% of 94.53 and 94.15, respectively. Cell cycle analysis showed that compound 5c led to cell cycle cessation at S phase and G2/M phase revealing that CDK2 could be the plausible biological target. Thus, the most cytotoxic candidates 5c and 8a were evaluated in vitro for their CDK2 inhibitory activity and were able to display significant inhibitory action. The molecular docking study confirmed the obtained results. ADME study predicted that 5c had appropriate drug-likeness properties. These findings highlight a rationale for further development and optimisation of novel CDK2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman R. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada F. Elmasry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Topoisomerase I inhibitors: Challenges, progress and the road ahead. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 236:114304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
4
|
Pagano A, Mancinelli M, Bianchi L, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G, Tavani C. Nitrobutadienes as powerful benzannulating agents: An unprecedented easy access to rare nitroindoles. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
5
|
Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghoshal A, Yugandhar D, Nanubolu JB, Srivastava AK. An Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Densely Functionalized Fused-Quinolines via Sequential Ugi4CC and Acid-Mediated Povarov-Type Reaction. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:600-608. [PMID: 28741925 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A divergent synthesis of fused-quinolines has been explored by performing Ugi four-component condensation and sulfuric acid promoted deprotection/Povarov-type reaction in one-pot. The process involves Ugi condensation of propiolic acids, aldehydes/ketones, aminoaldehyde acetals and isocyanides followed by sulfuric acid promoted deprotection and Povarov-type reaction with anilines in ethanol. This method enables straightforward access to the structurally diverse 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]quinolin-1-ones (DHPQ), 3,4-dihydrobenzo[b][1,6]naphthyridin-1(2H)-ones (DHBN), and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-azepino[4,3-b]quinolin-1-ones (THAQ), starting from readily available starting materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Ghoshal
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Doddapaneni Yugandhar
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi-110025, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre
for X-ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad-500 007, India
- Chemical Sciences Division, Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, New Delhi-110025, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu X, Wu Y, Liu W, Sheng C, Yao J, Dong G, Fang K, Li J, Yu Z, Min X, Zhang H, Miao Z, Zhang W. Discovery of 7-Methyl-10-Hydroxyhomocamptothecins with 1,2,3-Triazole Moiety as Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2016; 88:398-403. [PMID: 27062430 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Homocamptothecin is emerging as an important topoisomerase I inhibitor originating in natural product camptothecin. We report the modifications and SAR of homocamptothecin on position C10 to develop potent topoisomerase I inhibitors for anticancer drug discovery. Based on click chemistry, twenty-one 1,2,3-triazole-substituted homocamptothecin derivatives were readily synthesized in two steps. For A549, cycloalkyl- and alkyl-substituted compounds 6j, 6l, and 6o revealed highly antiproliferative inhibitory activities with IC50 value of 30, 30, and 50 nm, respectively. In addition, cyclopropyl 6j exhibited greater Topo I inhibitory activity than 20(S)-Camptothecin, which indicated suitability for further drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiguo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yuelin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Wenfeng Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China.,Wuxi App Tec Co., Ltd., 288 Fute Zhong Road, Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, China
| | - Chuanquan Sheng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jianzhong Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kun Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Li
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhiliang Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiao Min
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huojun Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 168 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhenyuan Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wannian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai, 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mąkosza M, Wojciechowski K. Application of nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in nitroarenes to the chemistry of indoles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-015-1687-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
9
|
Liu YQ, Li WQ, Morris-Natschke SL, Qian K, Yang L, Zhu GX, Wu XB, Chen AL, Zhang SY, Nan X, Lee KH. Perspectives on biologically active camptothecin derivatives. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:753-89. [PMID: 25808858 DOI: 10.1002/med.21342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Camptothecins (CPTs) are cytotoxic natural alkaloids that specifically target DNA topoisomerase I. Research on CPTs has undergone a significant evolution from the initial discovery of CPT in the late 1960s through the study of synthetic small-molecule derivatives to investigation of macromolecular constructs and formulations. Over the past years, intensive medicinal chemistry efforts have generated numerous CPT derivatives. Three derivatives, topotecan, irinotecan, and belotecan, are currently prescribed as anticancer drugs, and several related compounds are now in clinical trials. Interest in other biological effects, besides anticancer activity, of CPTs is also growing exponentially, as indicated by the large number of publications on the subject during the last decades. Therefore, the main focus of the present review is to provide an ample but condensed overview on various biological activities of CPT derivatives, in addition to continued up-to-date coverage of anticancer effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China.,Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Qun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Gao-Xiang Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - An-Liang Chen
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an 311300, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abbas SE, Barsoum FF, Georgey HH, Mohammed ER. Synthesis and antitumor activity of certain 2,3,6-trisubstituted quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
11
|
Guo W, Dong G, Zhu L, Liu W, Zhuang C, Guo Z, Yao J, Sheng C, Zhang H, Miao Z, Zhang W. Synthesis and biological assays of 9-(acylamino) homocamptothecins as DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:1804-15. [PMID: 24130024 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to improve the stability of homocamptothecin and reduce the toxicity, novel homocamptothecin analogs with acylamino groups at C(9) were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activities of all the synthetic compounds against three cancer cell lines were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and irinotecan was used as reference compound. Compound 7c with a piperidinylacetamido group and 10a with phenylacetamido group at C(9) showed potent activities both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, they also revealed remarkable topoisomerase I inhibitions which were exhibited with well-established bonds with amino acid residues Arg364 and Asp533 in the active pocket. On the basis of the biological activities, 7c and 10a would be potential candidates for further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guohe Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Discovery of indeno[1,2- $$c$$ c ]quinoline derivatives as dual topoisomerases I/II inhibitors: Part 3. Mol Divers 2013; 17:781-799. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-013-9475-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
13
|
Huang Q, Wang L, Lu W. Evolution in medicinal chemistry of E-ring-modified Camptothecin analogs as anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:746-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
14
|
Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Arenes and Heteroarenes. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2013_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
15
|
Guo W, Miao Z, Sheng C, Yao J, Liu W, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Cheng P, Dong G, Zhuang C, Zhang W. Synthesis of 9-(Heteroarylmethylidene)amino Derivatives of Homocamptothecin with Biological Activities. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1266-73. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
16
|
Zhu LJ, Zhuang CL, Lei N, Sheng CQ, Guo W, Miao ZY, Liu WF, Yao JZ, Zhang WN. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Homocamptothecin-Dihydropyridine Derivative Conjugates as Potent Topoisomerase I Inhibitors. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Homocamptothecins (hCPT) represent a new generation of antitumour agents targeting DNA topoisomerase I. The expanded seven-membered lactone E-ring that characterizes hCPT enhances the plasma stability of the drug and reinforces the inhibition of topoisomerase I (Topo I) compared with conventional six-membered CPT. In an attempt to improve the antitumour activity of hCP, a series of novel hCPT derivatives conjugating with dihydropyridine derivates were designed and synthesized based on a synthetic route that couples 7-formylhomocamptothecin with different dihydropyridine derivates. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good cytotoxic activity on tumour cell line A549, MDA-MB-435, and HCT116. Furthermore, this class of compounds showed superior Topo I inhibition activity comparable to or higher than CPT.
Collapse
|
17
|
Tseng CH, Tzeng CC, Yang CL, Lu PJ, Chen HL, Li HY, Chuang YC, Yang CN, Chen YL. Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of Certain Indeno[1,2-c]quinoline Derivatives. Part 2. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6164-79. [DOI: 10.1021/jm1005447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hua Tseng
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Cherng-Chyi Tzeng
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Li Yang
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, School of Medicine, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng-Kung University, School of Medicine, 138 Sheng-Li Road, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Yi Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, National University of Kaohsiung, 700 Kaohsiung University Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - You-Chung Chuang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National University of Kaohsiung, 700 Kaohsiung University Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ning Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National University of Kaohsiung, 700 Kaohsiung University Road, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yeh-Long Chen
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|