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Huang X, Xu S, Duan L, Xu S, Zhu W. A patent review of small molecule CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of cancer: 2020-present. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:825-842. [PMID: 39011556 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2379926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) is a class of serine/threonine protein kinases that plays a key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. CDK4/6 is highly expressed in cancers such as breast cancer, melanoma, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, a variety of CDK4/6 inhibitors have been developed, aiming to develop effective inhibitors to solve CDK4/6 resistance and toxicity. AREAS COVERED This article searches patents through Espacenet and reviews the development of widely studied CDK inhibitors and FDA-approved CDK4/6 inhibitors, as well as the latest progress of patented inhibitors with good inhibitory activity against CDK4/6 from 2020 to now. EXPERT OPINION CDK4/6 is highly expressed in many tumors and has become an important anti-tumor target. Among the patents from 2020 to the present, many inhibitors have good kinase inhibitory effects on CDK4/6 and also show great development potential in anti-tumor. However, there is still an urgent need to develop novel CDK4/6 inhibitors that address challenges such as drug resistance, toxicity, and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Huang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shidi Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Manya BS, Kumar MRP, Rajagopal K, Hassan MA, Rab SO, Alshehri MA, Emran TB. Insights into the Biological Activities and Substituent Effects of Pyrrole Derivatives: The Chemistry-Biology Connection. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400534. [PMID: 38771305 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Pyrrole, with its versatile heterocyclic ring structure, serves as a valuable template for generating a diverse range of lead compounds with various pharmacophores. Researchers and scientists globally are intrigued by pyrrole and its analogs for their broad pharmacological potential, prompting thorough investigations aimed at advancing human welfare. This comprehensive review delves into the diverse activities exhibited by pyrrole compounds, encompassing their synthesis, reactions, and pharmacological properties alongside their derivatives. In addition to detailing the characteristics of pyrrole and its derivatives within the context of green chemistry, the review also examines microwave-assisted reactions. It provides insights into their chemical structures, natural occurrences, and potential applications across various domains. Furthermore, the article investigates structural alterations of pyrrole compounds and their implications on their functionality, highlighting their versatility as foundational elements for both functional materials and bioactive compounds. The review emphasizes the need for ongoing research and development in the field of pyrrole compounds to discover new activities and benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Manya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, India
| | - M R Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, India
| | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty, 643001, The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Md Abul Hassan
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Alshehri
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
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Mughal EU, Amjid S, Sadiq A, Naeem N, Nazir Y, Alrafai HA, Hassan AA, Al-Nami SY, Abdel Hafez AA, Ali Shah SW, Ghias M. Design and synthesis of 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidine derivatives as potent α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitors: structure-activity relationship, in vitro, QSAR, molecular docking, MD simulations and drug-likeness studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:244-260. [PMID: 37096830 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2198609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a series of 2-amino-4,6-diarylpyrimidine derivatives was designed, synthesized, characterized and evaluated for their in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzyme inhibition assays. The outcomes proved that this class of compounds exhibit considerable inhibitory activity against both enzymes. Among the target compounds, compounds 4p and 6p demonstrated the most potent dual inhibition with IC50 = 0.087 ± 0.01 μM for α-glucosidase; 0.189 ± 0.02 μM for α-amylase and IC50 = 0.095 ± 0.03 μM for α-glucosidase; 0.214 ± 0.03 μM for α-amylase, respectively as compared to the standard rutin (IC50 = 0.192 ± 0.02 μM for α-glucosidase and 0.224 ± 0.02 μM for α-amylase). Remarkably, the enzyme inhibition results indicate that test compounds have stronger inhibitory effect on the target enzymes than the positive control, with a significantly lower IC50 value. Moreover, these series of compounds were found to inhibit α-glucosidase activity in a reversible mixed-type manner with IC50 between 0.087 ± 0.01 μM to 1.952 ± 0.26 μM. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were performed to affirm the binding interactions of this scaffold to the active sites of α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes. The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) investigations showed a strong association between 1p-15p structures and their inhibitory actions (IC50) with a correlation value (R2) of 0.999916. Finally, molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were carried out to assess the dynamic behavior, stability of the protein-ligand complex, and binding affinity of the most active inhibitor 4p. The experimental and theoretical results therefore exposed a very good compatibility. Additionally, the drug-likeness assay revealed that some compounds exhibit a linear association with Lipinski's rule of five, indicating good drug-likeness and bioactivity scores for pharmacological targets.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samreen Amjid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt. College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H A Alrafai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abraham, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer A Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abraham, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Y Al-Nami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abraham, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A Abdel Hafez
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abraham, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mehreen Ghias
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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Moi D, Bonanni D, Belluti S, Linciano P, Citarella A, Franchini S, Sorbi C, Imbriano C, Pinzi L, Rastelli G. Discovery of potent pyrrolo-pyrimidine and purine HDAC inhibitors for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115730. [PMID: 37633202 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The development of drugs for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer (PCA) remains a challenging task. In this study we have designed, synthesized and tested twenty-nine novel HDAC inhibitors based on three different zinc binding groups (trifluoromethyloxadiazole, hydroxamic acid, and 2-mercaptoacetamide). These warheads were conveniently tethered to variously substituted phenyl linkers and decorated with differently substituted pyrrolo-pyrimidine and purine cap groups. Remarkably, most of the compounds showed nanomolar inhibitory activity against HDAC6. To provide structural insights into the Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of the investigated compounds, docking of representative inhibitors and molecular dynamics of HDAC6-inhibitor complexes were performed. Compounds of the trifluoromethyloxadiazole and hydroxamic acid series exhibited promising anti-proliferative activities, HDAC6 targeting in PCA cells, and in vitro tumor selectivity. Representative compounds of the two series were tested for solubility, cell permeability and metabolic stability, demonstrating favorable in vitro drug-like properties. The more interesting compounds were subjected to migration assays, which revealed that compound 13 and, to a lesser extent, compound 15 inhibited the invasive behaviour of androgen-sensitive and -insensitive advanced prostate cancer cells. Compound 13 was profiled against all HDACs and found to inhibit all members of class II HDACs (except for HDAC10) and to be selective with respect to class I and class IV HDACs. Overall, compound 13 combines potent inhibitory activity and class II selectivity with favorable drug-like properties, an excellent anti-proliferative activity and marked anti-migration properties on PCA cells, making it an excellent lead candidate for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Moi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Davide Bonanni
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Belluti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Pasquale Linciano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Citarella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Silvia Franchini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Sorbi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Carol Imbriano
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Ahmed K, Choudhary MI, Saleem RSZ. Heterocyclic pyrimidine derivatives as promising antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115701. [PMID: 37591149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a growing public health concern. The quest to understand the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance needs to be accompanied by an expanded arsenal of drugs. This calls for the development of new compounds with anti-bacterial properties. The ease of functionalization of the pyrimidine core, to produce structurally distinct compound libraries, has made pyrimidine a privileged structure for identifying anti-bacterial hits. The activity of pyrimidine derivatives can be attributed to the various subunits linked with the main core, especially at C-2 or C-4 or C-6. Particularly, presence of NH2 attached to C-2 of the pyrimidine nucleus has been shown to enhance the anti-bacterial activity against pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The diversity of synthetic routes used for the synthesis of such compounds, the reported biological activities, and a growing need to develop novel anti-bacterial agents warrant a review that presents recent reports on the synthesis and anti-bacterial activities of pyrimidine-containing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kainat Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Shah Zaib Saleem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SBASSE, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Sector-U, DHA, Lahore, 54792, Pakistan.
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Yang F, Liu F, Min Y, Shi L, Liu M, Wang K, Ke S, Gong Y, Yang Z. Novel Steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines Derived from Epiandrosterone and Androsterone: Synthesis, Characterization and Configuration-Activity Relationships. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062691. [PMID: 36985662 PMCID: PMC10054084 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Two series of novel steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines derived from natural epiandrosterone and androsterone were designed and synthesized, and these compounds were screened for their potential anticancer activities. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some of these prepared compounds exhibited significantly good cytotoxic activities against human gastric cancer (SGC-7901), lung cancer (A549), and hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines compared with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), epiandrosterone, and androsterone. Especially the respective pairs from epiandrosterone and androsterone showed significantly different inhibitory activities, and the possible configuration-activity relationships have also been summarized and discussed based on kinase assay and molecular docking, which indicated that the inhibition activities of these steroidal[17,16-d]pyrimidines might obviously be affected by the configuration of the hydroxyl group in the part of the steroidal scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Yong Min
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Liqiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Kaimei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
| | - Shaoyong Ke
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Yan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ziwen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Pesticides, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China
- Correspondence: (S.K.); (Y.G.); (Z.Y.)
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7
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The Inhibitory Mechanism of 7 H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Inhibitors of P21-Activated Kinase 4 through Molecular Dynamics Simulation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28010413. [PMID: 36615619 PMCID: PMC9823812 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The overexpression of p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) is associated with a variety of cancers. In this paper, the binding modes and inhibitory mechanisms of four 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine competitive inhibitors of PAK4 were investigated at the molecular level, mainly using molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations. The results show that the inhibitors had strong interactions with the hinge region, the β-sheets, and the residues with charged side chains around the 4-substituent. The terminal amino group of the inhibitor 5n was different from the other three, which could cause the enhancement of hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions formed with the surrounding residues. Thus, inhibitor 5n had the strongest inhibition capacity. The different halogen atoms on the 2-substituents of the inhibitors 5h, 5g, and 5e caused differences in the positions of the 2-benzene rings and affected the interactions of the hinge region. It also affected to some extent the orientations of the 4-imino groups and consequently their affinities for the surrounding charged residues. The combined results lead to the weakest inhibitory capacity of inhibitor 5e.
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Rezaeifard A, Bakherad M, Navidpour L. An Efficient and Green Synthesis of New 6-Iodo- Pyrano[2,3-d] Pyrimidine-4-Ones via a One-Pot Four-Component Reaction Followed by Iodocyclization in Water. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2157453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Rezaeifard
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bakherad
- Faculty of Chemistry, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Latifeh Navidpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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9
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Sayed AI, Mansour YE, Ali MA, Aly O, Khoder ZM, Said AM, Fatahala SS, Abd El-Hameed RH. Novel pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives: design, synthesis, molecular docking, molecular simulations and biological evaluations as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:1821-1837. [PMID: 35762086 PMCID: PMC9246196 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2090546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current medical approaches to control the Covid-19 pandemic are either to directly target the SARS-CoV-2 via innovate a defined drug and a safe vaccine or indirectly target the medical complications of the virus. One of the indirect strategies for fighting this virus has been mainly dependent on using anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for severe health complications. We revealed the discovery of novel fused pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives as promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. The newly synthesised compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The results revealed that 3a, 4b, and 8e were the most potent analogues. Molecular docking and simulations of these compounds against COX-2, TLR-2 and TLR-4 respectively was performed. The former results were in line with the biological data and proved that 3a, 4b and 8e have potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira I. Sayed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yara E. Mansour
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omnia Aly
- Medical Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Zainab M. Khoder
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Said
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Athenex Inc., Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Samar S. Fatahala
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania H. Abd El-Hameed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Saei Dehkordi SS, Albadi J, Jafari AA, Samimi HA. Boric Acid/Pentaerythritol as a Green and Reusable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Mono- and Bis-Pyrano[2,3-d]Pyrimidinone Derivatives in Water. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2118330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jalal Albadi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Jafari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Heshmat Allah Samimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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11
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Exploration of 4-aminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine as antitubercular agents. Mol Divers 2022; 27:753-765. [PMID: 35598185 PMCID: PMC9124159 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10453-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Developing new anti-TB compounds using cost-effective processes is critical to reduce TB incidence and accomplish the End TB Strategy milestone. Herein, we describe the synthesis and structure–activity relationships of a library of thirty 7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives providing insights into the contributions of different aromatic, aryl and alkyl substitution at the C-4 position of the 7-deazapurine ring. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the compounds against the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was assayed using the standard broth microdilution method, and cell toxicity was determined using the MTT assay. Sixteen compounds displayed in vitro activity against the GFP reporter strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC90 values of 0.488–62.5 µM. This study highlights the most potent derivative, N-(4-phenoxy phenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine with a MIC90 value of 0.488 µM and was non-cytotoxic to the Vero cell line. Moreover, all the potent compounds from this series have a ClogP value less than 4 and molecular weight < 400; thus, likely to maintain drug-likeness during lead optimisation.
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12
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Sobenina LN, Sagitova EF, Petrova OV, Trofimov BA. Conjugated pyrrole/aminoenone and pyrrole/aminoacrylonitrile ensembles: new motives in heterocyclic chemistry. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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13
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Lalpara JN, Vachhani MD, Hadiyal SD, Goswami S, Dubal GG. Synthesis and in vitro Antidiabetic Screening of Novel Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Khan I, Ibrar A, Zaib S. Alkynoates as Versatile and Powerful Chemical Tools for the Rapid Assembly of Diverse Heterocycles under Transition-Metal Catalysis: Recent Developments and Challenges. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:3. [PMID: 33398642 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterocycles, heteroaromatics and spirocyclic entities are ubiquitous components of a wide plethora of synthetic drugs, biologically active natural products, marketed pharmaceuticals and agrochemical targets. Recognizing their high proportion in drugs and rich pharmacological potential, these invaluable structural motifs have garnered significant interest, thus enabling the development of efficient catalytic methodologies providing access to architecturally complex and diverse molecules with high atom-economy and low cost. These chemical processes not only allow the formation of diverse heterocycles but also utilize a range of flexible and easily accessible building units in a single operation to discover diversity-oriented synthetic approaches. Alkynoates are significantly important, diverse and powerful building blocks in organic chemistry due to their unique and inherent properties such as the electronic bias on carbon-carbon triple bonds posed by electron-withdrawing groups or the metallic coordination site provided by carbonyl groups. The present review highlights the comprehensive picture of the utility of alkynoates (2007-2019) for the synthesis of various heterocycles (> 50 types) using transition-metal catalysts (Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Ag, Au, Pt, Cu, Mn, Fe) in various forms. The valuable function of versatile alkynoates (bearing multifunctional groups) as simple and useful starting materials is explored, thus cyclizing with an array of coupling partners to deliver a broad range of oxygen-, nitrogen-, sulfur-containing heterocycles alongside fused-, and spiro-heterocyclic compounds. In addition, these examples will also focus the scope and reaction limitations, as well as mechanistic investigations into the synthesis of these heterocycles. The biological significance will also be discussed, citing relevant examples of drug molecules highlighting each class of heterocycles. This review summarizes the recent developments in the synthetic methods for the synthesis of various heterocycles using alkynoates as readily available starting materials under transition-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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15
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El‐serwy WS, Mohamed HS, El‐serwy WS, Mohamed NA, Kassem EMM, Mahmoud K, Nossier ES. Thiopyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile Derivatives as VEGFR‐2 Inhibitors: Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation, Molecular Docking, ADME Predictions and QSAR Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Walaa S. El‐serwy
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Hanaa S. Mohamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Weam S. El‐serwy
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Neama A. Mohamed
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Emad M. M. Kassem
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Dokki, Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacognosy National Research Centre, Dokki Giza 12622 Egypt
| | - Eman S. Nossier
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Al-Azhar University (Girls) Cairo 11754 Egypt
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16
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Synthesis of pyrano[2,3‐d]pyrimidines and pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidines in the magnetized deionized water based on UV–visible study. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Elmongy EI. Thieno[2,3‐
d
]pyrimidine derivatives: Synthetic approaches and their FLT3 kinase inhibition. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elshaymaa I. Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of PharmacyHelwan University Cairo Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of PharmacyPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
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18
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Radwan MAA, Alminderej FM, Awad HM. One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel 7-Substituted-5-(1 H-Indol-3-yl)Tetrazolo[1,5-a] Pyrimidine-6-Carbonitrile. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25020255. [PMID: 31936309 PMCID: PMC7024365 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 7-substituted-5-(1H-indol-3-yl)tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitrile was synthesized via a one-pot, three-multicomponent reaction of appropriate aldehydes, 1H-tetrazole-5-amine and 3-cyanoacetyl indole in catalytic triethylamine. The cytotoxic activity of the new synthesized tetrazolopyrimidine-6-carbonitrile compounds was investigated against HCT-116, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, A549 human cancer cell lines and one human healthy normal cell line (RPE-1) using the MTT cytotoxicity assay. Compounds 4h, 4b, 4c, 4i and 4a showed potent anticancer activities against human colon cancer. Additionally, all the compounds showed potent anticancer activities on human lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Radwan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Fahad M Alminderej
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Tanning Materials and Leather Technology Department, National Research Centre, El-Behouth St, Dokki, Cairo 12311, Egypt
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19
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Sroor FM, Basyouni WM, Tohamy WM, Abdelhafez TH, El-awady MK. Novel pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives: Design, synthesis, structure elucidation and in vitro anti-BVDV activity. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.130749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Frank A, Meza-Arriagada F, Salas CO, Espinosa-Bustos C, Stark H. Nature-inspired pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines targeting the histamine H 3 receptor. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3194-3200. [PMID: 31176569 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by marine compounds the derivatization of the natural pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine lead scaffold led to a series of novel compounds targeting the histamine H3 receptor. The focus was set on improved binding towards the receptor and to establish an initial structure-activity relationship for this compound class based on the lead structure (compound V, Ki value of 126 nM). As highest binding affinities were found with 1,4-bipiperidines as basic part of the ligands, further optimization was focused on 4-([1,4'-bipiperidin]-1'-yl)-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Related pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines that were isolated from marine sponges like 4-amino-5-bromopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (compound III), showed variations in halogenation pattern, though in a next step the impact of halogenation at 2-position was evaluated. The chloro variations did not improve the affinity compared to the dehalogenated compounds. However, the simultaneous introduction of lipophilic cores with electron-withdrawing substitution patterns in 7-position and dehalogenation at 2-position (11b, 12b) resulted in compounds with significantly higher binding affinities (Ki values of 7 nM and 6 nM, respectively) than the initial lead structure compound V. The presented structures allow for a reasonable structure-activity relationship of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as histamine H3 receptor ligands and yielded novel lead structures within the natural compound library against this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Francisco Meza-Arriagada
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - Cristian O Salas
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile
| | - Christian Espinosa-Bustos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6094411, Chile.
| | - Holger Stark
- Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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21
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Shehta W, Abdel Hamid AM. Synthesis and Antibacterial Acivity of Some Novel Pyrimidine-Based Heterocycles. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363219040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Zlatanova H, Vladimirova S, Kostadinov I, Delev D, Deneva T, Kostadinova I. Biological Screening of Novel Structural Analog of Celecoxib as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55040093. [PMID: 30959829 PMCID: PMC6524057 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55040093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The clinical use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is limited due to high incidence of adverse drug reactions. The pyrrole heterocycle is included in the chemical structure of a number of drugs with various activities and shows relatively good tolerability and safety. The objectives of our study were to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity, as well as possible organ toxicity, of 2-[3-acetyl-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid (compound 3g), a novel N-pyrrolylcarboxylic acid structurally similar to celecoxib. Materials and methods: All experiments were performed on 6-week-old male Wistar rats divided into parallel groups (n = 8). Antinociception was assessed using animal pain models with thermal and chemical stimuli (paw withdrawal, tail-flick, and formalin tests). Criteria for the analgesic effect were increased latency in the paw withdrawal and tail-flick tests and decreased paw licking time in the formalin test compared to animals treated with saline (control). Anti-inflammatory activity was measured using a carrageenan-induced paw edema model; the criterion for anti-inflammatory effect was decreased edema compared to control. Blood samples were obtained after animals were sacrificed to assess possible organ toxicity. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM SPSS 20.0. Results: 2-[3-Acetyl-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-2-methyl-pyrrol-1-yl]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-propionic acid had analgesic action against chemical stimulus after single and multiple administration and against thermal stimulus after single administration. Compound 3g significantly suppressed carrageenan-induced paw edema after both single and continuous administration. After continuous administration, hematological tests showed that compound 3g decreased leukocyte and platelet levels and elevated serum creatinine levels. Conclusions: Antinociception with the tested compound is most likely mediated by spinal, peripheral, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Possible tolerance of the analgesic action at the spinal level develops after continuous administration. Anti-inflammatory activity is significant and probably the leading cause of antinociception. After multiple administration, compound 3g showed signs of potential nephrotoxicity and antiplatelet activity, as well as suppression of leukocyte levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hristina Zlatanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Stanislava Vladimirova
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Fuels, Faculty of Chemical Technologies, University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Ilia Kostadinov
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Delian Delev
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tanya Deneva
- Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ivanka Kostadinova
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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23
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Fatahala SS, Mahgub S, Taha H, Abd-El Hameed RH. Synthesis and evaluation of novel spiro derivatives for pyrrolopyrimidines as anti-hyperglycemia promising compounds. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 33:809-817. [PMID: 29708461 PMCID: PMC6009929 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1461854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samar Said Fatahala
- a Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Shahenda Mahgub
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Heba Taha
- b Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Helwan University , Helwan , Cairo , Egypt
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24
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Choudhary S, Singh A, Yadav J, Mir NA, Anthal S, Kant R, Kumar I. A simple route to tetracyclic oxazepine-fused pyrroles via metal-free [3+2] annulation between dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and aqueous succinaldehyde. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04861d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A direct method for the synthesis of tetracyclic oxazepine-fused pyrroles has been developed through [3+2] annulation between aqueous succinaldehyde and dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Choudhary
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Anoop Singh
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Jyothi Yadav
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Nisar A. Mir
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
| | - Sumati Anthal
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory
- Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics
- University of Jammu
- Jammu 180 006
- India
| | - Rajni Kant
- X-ray Crystallography Laboratory
- Post-Graduate Department of Physics & Electronics
- University of Jammu
- Jammu 180 006
- India
| | - Indresh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Birla Institute of Technology and Science
- Pilani 333 031
- India
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25
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Ettehadi Z, Davoodnia A, Khashi M, Ali Beyramabadi S. Tautomerism in the Sulfonamide Moiety: Synthesis, Experimental and Theoretical Characterizations. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476618070119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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26
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Espinosa-Bustos C, Frank A, Arancibia-Opazo S, Salas CO, Fierro A, Stark H. New lead elements for histamine H3 receptor ligands in the pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine class. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2890-2893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Pathania S, Rawal RK. Pyrrolopyrimidines: An update on recent advancements in their medicinal attributes. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:503-526. [PMID: 30114661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fused heterocycles are reported to demonstrate variety of biological activities such as anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory, and are thus exhaustively utilized in the field of medicinal chemistry. Pyrrolopyrimidines is one of the major classes of fused heterocycles which are extensively reported throughout the literature. Several reports suggest that pyrrolopyrimidine as fused scaffold possess more diverse and potent pharmacological profile than individual pyrrole and pyrimidine nucleus. Different pathological targets require different structural attributes reflected via varied substitutions, thus in recent years, researchers have employed various synthetic strategies to achieve desired substitutions on the pyrrolopyrimidine nucleus. In this review, authors highlight the recent advancement in this area, special focus was laid on the pharmacological profile and structure-activity relationship studies (SAR) of various synthesized pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly Pathania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indo-Soviet Friendship College of Pharmacy (ISFCP), Moga, 142001, India; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Ravindra K Rawal
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, 133207, Ambala, Haryana, India.
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28
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Patil Y, Shingare R, Choudhari A, Borkute R, Sarkar D, Madje BR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some new tricyclic pyrrolo[3,2-e]tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives as potential antitubercular agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351. [PMID: 29943427 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of new tricyclic pyrrolo[3,2-e]tetrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines 8a-l were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR (1 H and 13 C), and mass spectral analysis. The newly synthesized compounds 8a-l were inspected for their in vitro antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) H37 Ra using an established XTT reduction menadione assay (XRMA). The title compounds exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC90 ) ranging from 0.09 to >30 μg/mL. Five compounds (8c, 8i-l) were further confirmed for their dose-dependent effect against MTB. These compounds were evaluated in the THP-1 infection model, where 8i (MIC90 = 0.35 μg/mL), 8j (MIC90 = 1.17 μg/mL), 8k (MIC90 = 2.38 μg/mL), and 8l (MIC90 = 1.17 μg/mL) demonstrated significant antitubercular activity. All the ex vivo active compounds showed insignificant cytotoxicity against the human cancer cell lines, HeLa, MCF-7, and THP-1. Inactivity of all these compounds against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria indicates their specificity. Molecular docking studies in the active site of the sterol 14alpha-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme revealed a similar binding mode to the native ligand in the crystal structure, thereby helping to understand the ligand-protein interactions and to establish a structural basis for inhibition of MTB. The results suggest novel pharmacophores as selective and specific inhibitors against MTB that can be explored further to synthesize lead compounds against tuberculosis. In summary, the results clearly indicate the identification of some novel, selective, and specific inhibitors against MTB that can be explored further for potential antitubercular drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad, India
| | - Ramesh Shingare
- Department of Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad, India
| | - Amit Choudhari
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Rachana Borkute
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Dhiman Sarkar
- Combi Chem Bio Resource Centre, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India
| | - Balaji R Madje
- Department of Chemistry, Vasantrao Naik Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad, India
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29
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Palladium Catalyzed Tricyclohexylphosphine Ligand Associated Synthesis ofN-(2-(pyridine-4-yl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]-pyridin-6-yl-(substituted)-sulfonamide Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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An efficient synthesis of pentasubstituted pyrroles: one-pot four-component reaction of arylamine, acetylenedicarboxylate, arylglyoxal, and symmetrical 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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31
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Guchhait SK, Sisodiya S, Saini M, Shah YV, Kumar G, Daniel DP, Hura N, Chaudhary V. Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Pyrroles via a Tandem Reaction of Michael Addition and Intramolecular Cyanide-Mediated Nitrile-to-Nitrile Condensation. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5807-5815. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sankar K. Guchhait
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shailendra Sisodiya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Meenu Saini
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Yesha V. Shah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Divine P Daniel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Neha Hura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vikas Chaudhary
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical and Education Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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32
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Govindaraju S, Tabassum S, Pasha MA. Citric-Acid-Catalyzed Green and Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Functionalized Pyrano[2, 3- e
]pyrimidin- and Pyrano[2, 3- d
]pyrazol-amines in Water via One-Pot Multicomponent Approaches. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201703023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhosh Govindaraju
- Department of Science and humanities, Christ (Deemed to be University); Faculty of Engineering, Kumbalagodu; Mysore Road Bengaluru 560074
| | - Sumaiya Tabassum
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus; Bangalore University; Palace Road Bengaluru 560001
| | - Mohamed Afzal Pasha
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus; Bangalore University; Palace Road Bengaluru 560001
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33
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Kumar S, Narasimhan B. Therapeutic potential of heterocyclic pyrimidine scaffolds. Chem Cent J 2018; 12:38. [PMID: 29619583 PMCID: PMC5884769 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds offer a high degree of structural diversity and have proven to be broadly and economically useful as therapeutic agents. Comprehensive research on diverse therapeutic potentials of heterocycles compounds has confirmed their immense significance in the pathophysiology of diseases. Heterocyclic pyrimidine nucleus, which is an essential base component of the genetic material of deoxyribonucleic acid, demonstrated various biological activities. The present review article aims to review the work reported on therapeutic potentials of pyrimidine scaffolds which are valuable for medical applications during new generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
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34
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van der Westhuyzen AE, Frolova LV, Kornienko A, van Otterlo WAL. The Rigidins: Isolation, Bioactivity, and Total Synthesis-Novel Pyrrolo[2,3-d]Pyrimidine Analogues Using Multicomponent Reactions. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 79:191-220. [PMID: 29455836 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rigidins (2-6) are pyrrolopyrimidine alkaloids isolated from marine tunicates. Since their isolation, refinement of their total syntheses, and biochemical evaluation, interest toward this pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold as a medicinal candidate has been triggered. The derivatization of these natural products has led to the discovery of a novel range of 7-deazahypoxanthines, which exhibit extremely potent anticancer activity in human cancer cell lines. A major breakthrough toward the synthesis of rigidin and various rigidin analogues has been the application of multicomponent reactions (MCRs). The rapid assembly of molecular diversity and flexibility displayed by MCRs makes it an attractive strategy for the preparation of rigidin-inspired small molecules. Furthermore, a number of rigidin-like 7-deazaxanthine compounds have been reported in the literature and the popularity of implementing MCRs to construct these 7-deazaxanthines is highlighted here. It is our hope that the synthetic methods described in this chapter will result in the further generation of rigidin-inspired compounds that will move on from being "hits" into "leads" in the medicinal chemistry drug discovery pipeline and potentially into anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aletta E van der Westhuyzen
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Liliya V Frolova
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, United States
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Willem A L van Otterlo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
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Bayat M, Nasri S. Synthesis and dynamic 1 H NMR study of pyrazolo substituted pyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines via a regioselective heterocyclization. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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36
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Yadav VB, Rai P, Sagir H, Kumar A, Siddiqui IR. A green route for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives catalyzed by β-cyclodextrin. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj03577b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The disclosed synthetic method for pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives offers several advantages such as non-toxic catalyst and aqueous reaction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay B. Yadav
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - Pragati Rai
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - Hozeyfa Sagir
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
| | - I. R. Siddiqui
- Laboratory of Green Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Allahabad
- Allahabad
- India
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Gong Z, Xie Z, Qiu J, Wang G. Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of 2-Substituted-4,6-Diarylpyrimidines as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111865. [PMID: 29084182 PMCID: PMC6150375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 2-substituted-4,6-diarylpyrimidines 6a–6t has been synthesized, characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS, and screened for in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The majority of the screened compounds possessed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 19.6 ± 0.21 to 38.9 ± 0.35 μM, which is more potent than the positive control α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose (IC50 = 817.38 ± 6.27 μM). Among them, 6j was found to be the most active compound against α-glucosidase with an IC50 of 19.6 ± 0.21 μM. In addition, molecular docking studies were carried out to explore the binding interactions of 2-substituted-4,6-diarylpyrimidine derivatives with α-glucosidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Gong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
- National Engineering Research Center of Miao's Medicines, 4 Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Jie Qiu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Guangcheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
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38
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Viveka S, Dinesha, Nagaraja GK, Shama P, Basavarajaswamy G, Rao KP, Yanjarappa Sreenivasa M. One pot synthesis of thiazolo[2,3-b]dihydropyrimidinone possessing pyrazole moiety and evaluation of their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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39
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Saroha M, Khanna G, Khurana JM. Synthesis of Novel 5-Substituted 6-Phenylpyrrolo[2, 3-d
]pyrimidine Derivatives via One-pot Three-Component Reactions Under Catalyst-Free Condition. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Saroha
- Department of chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007
| | - Garima Khanna
- Department of chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi- 110007
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Bayat M, Nasri S. A catalyst-free approach to regioselective synthesis of multi-functional 1 H -pyrrolo[1,2- a ]fused[1,3]diazaheterocycle using ketene dithioacetals in water–ethanol media. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chen L, Jin Y, Fu W, Xiao S, Feng C, Fang B, Gu Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Liu Z, Liang G. Design, Synthesis, and Structure-Activity Relationship Analysis of Thiazolo[3,2-a
]pyrimidine Derivatives with Anti-inflammatory Activity in Acute Lung Injury. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1022-1032. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Chen
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 China
| | - Yiyi Jin
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Siyang Xiao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Chen Feng
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Bo Fang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Yugui Gu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials; Wenzhou University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Chenglong Li
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Yunjie Zhao
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Guang Liang
- Chemical Biology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Wenzhou Medical University; Wenzhou Zhejiang 325035 China
- School of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing Jiangsu 210094 China
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Trofimov BA, Sagitova EF, Petrova OV, Sobenina LN, Ushakov IA, Vashchenko AV. Efficient switching from the 2,3′- to 2,2′-bipyrrole scaffold via the recyclization of 1-(benzoylmethylanilino)-3-imino-3 H -2-cyanopyrrolizines: Crucial effect of the DBU organic superbase. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Khashi M, Beyramabadi SA, Davoodnia A, Ettehadi Z. Synthesis, experimental and theoretical characterizations of some new pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives bearing an aromatic sulfonamide moiety. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sureja DK, Dholakia SP, Vadalia KR. Synthesis of some novel pyrazolo[3,4- d] pyrimidin-4(5 H)-one derivatives as potential antimicrobial agent. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2017; 8:321-326. [PMID: 28216957 PMCID: PMC5314832 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.199337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present work was to synthesize a novel series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives and evaluate their in vitro antimicrobial activity. METHODS Cyclization of an ortho-amino ester of 1-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)pyrazole with various aliphatic/aromatic nitriles under different reaction conditions such as conventional and microwave assisted synthesis, provided pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4(5H)-one derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against selected bacteria and fungi by agar well diffusion method. RESULTS All newly synthesized compounds were characterized using spectral and elemental analysis. Compounds 2e, 2f, and 2g showed significant antimicrobial activity as compared to standard drugs used. CONCLUSION The newly synthesized compounds could be useful templates for the design and optimization of more active analogs as a possible antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipen K Sureja
- Department of Pharmacy, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Sandip P Dholakia
- Shankersinh Vaghela Bapu Institute of Pharmacy, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Karamthulla S, Jana A, Choudhury LH. Synthesis of Novel 5,6-Disubstituted Pyrrolo [2,3-d]Pyrimidine-2,4-Diones Via One-Pot Three-Component Reactions. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2017; 19:108-112. [PMID: 28036166 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A simple and novel method for the synthesis of 5,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones has been reported using arylglyoxal-based three-component reactions. Under microwave heating conditions, arylglyoxal, 6-amino uracil, or its derivatives reacts with various thiols in acetic acid medium to provide a series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones (4) having a thioether and an aryl ring in 5 and 6 positions, respectively. On the other hand reaction of arylglyoxal, amino uracil and malononitrile in place of thiols, provided corresponding 5,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones (5) with selectively converting one of the -CN to -CONH2 group both in conventional (method A) and microwave heating conditions (method B). This methodology is a simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of diverse 5,6-disubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diones from the readily available starting materials in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaik Karamthulla
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna-8001103, India
- Department
of Chemistry, Rayalaseema University, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh-518007, India
| | - Asim Jana
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna-8001103, India
| | - Lokman H. Choudhury
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, Patna-8001103, India
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47
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Ruddarraju R, Murugulla AC, Donthabakthuni S, Kotla R, Deshmukh S, Maroju R, Palle S. Efficient Synthesis of Pyrrolo [2,3-d] Pyrimidines Containing 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazole Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adharvana Chari Murugulla
- Dr. MACS Bio-Pharma Pvt. Ltd; Factory: Plot-79/B&C, Pashamylaram Patancheru Medak (Dist) 502307 India
| | - Shobha Donthabakthuni
- Dr. MACS Bio-Pharma Pvt. Ltd; Factory: Plot-79/B&C, Pashamylaram Patancheru Medak (Dist) 502307 India
| | - Ravindar Kotla
- Dr. MACS Bio-Pharma Pvt. Ltd; Factory: Plot-79/B&C, Pashamylaram Patancheru Medak (Dist) 502307 India
| | - Sandeep Deshmukh
- Dr. MACS Bio-Pharma Pvt. Ltd; Factory: Plot-79/B&C, Pashamylaram Patancheru Medak (Dist) 502307 India
| | - Ravichandar Maroju
- Department of Physics and Chemistry; Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Technology; Gandipet Hyderabad Telangana India
| | - Sadhanandam Palle
- Centre for Chemical Sciences and Technology, IST; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University; Kukatpally Hyderabad 500 085 Telangana India
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48
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Synthesis of functionalized 2,2′- and 2,3′-bipyrroles via 3-imino-3H-pyrrolizine-2-carbonitriles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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49
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Paronikyan EG, Dashyan SS, Minasyan NS, Stepanyan GM, Babaev EV. Synthesis of 10-alkylsulfanyl-substituted pyrido-[4',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines annulated with pyran, cyclohexane, and cyclopentane rings. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-016-1887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Saikia L, Roudragouda P, Thakur AJ. A one pot, two-step synthesis of 5-arylpyrrolo[2,3- d ]pyrimidines and screening of their preliminary antibacterial properties. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:992-998. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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