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Chen L, Gong J, Yong X, Li Y, Wang S. A review of typical biological activities of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6557-6597. [PMID: 38390501 PMCID: PMC10882267 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08025k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid, a triterpenoid compound primarily sourced from licorice root, exhibits noteworthy biological attributes, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. Despite these commendable effects, its further advancement and application, especially in clinical use, have been hindered by its limited druggability, including challenges such as low solubility and bioavailability. To enhance its biological activity and pharmaceutical efficacy, numerous research studies focus on the structural modification, associated biological activity data, and underlying mechanisms of glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives. This review endeavors to systematically compile and organize glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives that have demonstrated outstanding biological activities over the preceding decade, delineating their molecular structures, biological effects, underlying mechanisms, and future prospects for assisting researchers in finding and designing novel glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives, foster the exploration of structure-activity relationships, and aid in the screening of potential candidate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
| | - Jingwen Gong
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
| | - Xu Yong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Youbin Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
| | - Shuojin Wang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical University No. 3, XueYuan Road, LongHua District Haikou City Hainan Province 571199 China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Tian Y, Guo Y, Wei R, Huang X, Qian L, Liu S, Chen G, Che Z. Synthesis of novel 18 β-glycyrrhetinic acid sulfonate derivatives displaying significant anti-oomycete activity against Phytophthora capsici. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37950734 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2280999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Using 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) as the lead compound, fourteen GA sulphonate derivatives (3a-n) were prepared by modifying its C-3 OH group, and their structures were well confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS and melting points. Moreover, we screened the anti-oomycete activity of these compounds against Phytophthora capsici by using the mycelial growth rate method. Among the fourteen GA sulphonate derivatives evaluated, four compounds 3f, 3j, 3k and 3l exhibited more potent anti-oomycete activity than that of the positive control zoxamide (EC50 = 25.17 mg/L), and had the median effective concentration (EC50) values of 23.04, 16.16, 22.55, and 13.93 mg/L, respectively. Especially compound 3l showed the best anti-oomycete activity against P. capsici with EC50 value of 13.93 mg/L. Overall, the introduction of sulfonyloxy groups at the C-3 position of GA has a significant impact on its anti-oomycete activity, and the corresponding derivative activity varies significantly with different substituents R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yuee Tian
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yihao Guo
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Ruxue Wei
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shengming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Genqiang Chen
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zhiping Che
- Department of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Pesticidal Design & Synthesis, College of Horticultrue and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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Pan BW, Zheng LL, Shi Y, Dong ZC, Feng TT, Yang J, Wei Y, Zhou Y. Synthesis and Antiviral and Antitumor Activities of Novel 18 β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15012. [PMID: 37834459 PMCID: PMC10573640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241915012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel derivatives of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) were synthesized by introducing aromatic or heterocyclic structures to extend the side chain, thereby enhancing their interaction with amino acid residues in the active pocket of the target protein. These compounds were structurally characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The compounds were subsequently evaluated for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 protease and cell viability in the human cancer cell lines K562 and HeLa and the mouse cancer cell line CT26. Towards HIV-1 protease, compounds 28 and 32, which featured the introduction of heterocyclic moieties at the C3 position of GA, exhibited the highest inhibition, with inhibition rates of 76% and 70.5%, respectively, at 1 mg/mL concentration. Further molecular docking suggests that a 3-substituted polar moiety would be likely to enhance the inhibitory activity against HIV-1 protease. As for the anti-proliferative activities of the GA derivatives, incorporation of a thiazole heterocycle at the C3- position in compound 29 significantly enhanced the effect against K562 cells with an IC50 value of 8.86 ± 0.93 µM. The introduction of electron-withdrawing substituents on the C3-substituted phenyl ring augmented the anti-proliferative activity against Hela and CT26 cells. Compound 13 exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against Hela cells with an IC50 value of 9.89 ± 0.86 µM, whereas compound 7 exerted the strongest inhibition against CT26 cells with an IC50 value of 4.54 ± 0.37 µM. These findings suggest that further modification of GA is a promising path for developing potent novel anti-HIV and anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
| | - Liang-Liang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
| | - Yang Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
| | - Zhang-Chao Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
| | - Ting-Ting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
| | - Jian Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Ying Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; (B.-W.P.); (L.-L.Z.); (Y.S.); (Z.-C.D.); (T.-T.F.)
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Liu C, Ma Q, Gong G, Su F. Research Progress on Structural Modification of Effective Antitumor Active Ingredients in Licorice. Molecules 2023; 28:5855. [PMID: 37570825 PMCID: PMC10421350 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Licorice, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, contains more than 300 flavonoids and more than 20 triterpenoids, which have potential medicinal value and can prevent the growth of tumor cells by blocking the cell cycle, affecting the regulation of the apoptosis gene of tumor cells, and inhibiting tumor cell angiogenesis. However, many of the compounds in licorice still have the drawbacks of poor solubility, significant toxic side effects, and low antitumor activity. This article reviews the structural modification of effective antitumor active ingredients in licorice, thus providing a theoretical basis for further investigation of licorice and the development of new antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fengyan Su
- College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun 130118, China; (C.L.); (Q.M.); (G.G.)
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Chen J, Xu Y, Yang Y, Yao X, Fu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang X. Evaluation of the Anticancer Activity and Mechanism Studies of Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivatives toward HeLa Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073164. [PMID: 37049928 PMCID: PMC10095686 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a series of glycyrrhetic acid derivatives 3a–3f were synthesized via the esterification reaction. The cytotoxicity of these compounds against five tumor cells (SGC-7901, BEL-7402, A549, HeLa and B16) and normal LO2 cells was investigated using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. The results showed that compound 3a exhibited high antiproliferative activity against HeLa cells (IC50 = 11.4 ± 0.2 μM). The anticancer activity was studied through apoptosis, cloning, and scratching; the levels of the intracellular ROS, GSH, and Ca2+; and the change in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle arrest and RNA sequencing. Furthermore, the effects of compound 3a on gene expression levels and metabolic pathways in HeLa cells were investigated via transcriptomics. The experimental results showed that this compound can block the cell cycle in the S phase and inhibit cell migration by downregulating Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression. Moreover, the compound can reduce the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content, increase the Ca2+ level and the intracellular ROS content, and induce a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential, further leading to cell death. In addition, it was also found that the mechanism of compounds inducing apoptosis was related to the regulation of the expression of mitochondria-related proteins B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-Associated X (Bax), and the activation of the caspase proteins. Taken together, this work provides a help for the development of glycyrrhetinic acid compounds as potential anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunran Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, China
| | - Xin Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Center of Topical Precise Drug Delivery System, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiuzhen Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Liu Y, Sheng R, Fan J, Guo R. A Mini-Review on Structure-Activity Relationships of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives with Diverse Bioactivities. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:2024-2066. [PMID: 35081889 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220126093033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pentacyclic triterpenoids, consisting of six isoprene units, are a kind of natural active substance. At present, numerous pentacyclic triterpene have been observed and classified into four subgroups of oleanane, ursane, lupane, and xylene on the basis of the carbon skeleton. Among them, oleanane is the most popular due to its rich backbone and diverse bioactivities. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene isolated from licorice roots, possesses diverse bioactivities including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitor, hepatoprotective and so on. It has received more attention in medicinal chemistry due to the advantages of easy-to-access and rich bioactivity. Thus, numerous novel lead compounds were synthesized using GA as a scaffold. Herein, we summarize the structure-activity relationship and synthetic methodologies of GA derivatives from 2010 to 2020 as well as the most active GA derivatives. Finally, we anticipate that this review can benefit future research on structural modifications of GA to enhance bioactivity and provide an example for developing pentacyclic triterpene-based novel drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuebin Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ruilong Sheng
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, Universidade da Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Junting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
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Kazakova O, Giniyatullina G, Babkov D, Wimmer Z. From Marine Metabolites to the Drugs of the Future: Squalamine, Trodusquemine, Their Steroid and Triterpene Analogues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031075. [PMID: 35162998 PMCID: PMC8834734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review comprehensively describes the recent advances in the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of steroid polyamines squalamine, trodusquemine, ceragenins, claramine, and their diverse analogs and derivatives, with a special focus on their complete synthesis from cholic acids, as well as an antibacterial and antiviral, neuroprotective, antiangiogenic, antitumor, antiobesity and weight-loss activity, antiatherogenic, regenerative, and anxiolytic properties. Trodusquemine is the most-studied small-molecule allosteric PTP1B inhibitor. The discovery of squalamine as the first representative of a previously unknown class of natural antibiotics of animal origin stimulated extensive research of terpenoids (especially triterpenoids) comprising polyamine fragments. During the last decade, this new class of biologically active semisynthetic natural product derivatives demonstrated the possibility to form supramolecular networks, which opens up many possibilities for the use of such structures for drug delivery systems in serum or other body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oxana Kazakova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, UFA Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gulnara Giniyatullina
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, UFA Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. Oktyabrya, 450054 Ufa, Russia;
| | - Denis Babkov
- Laboratory of Metabotropic Drugs, Scientific Center for Innovative Drugs, Volgograd State Medical University, Novorossiyskaya St. 39, 400087 Volgograd, Russia;
| | - Zdenek Wimmer
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Technicka’ 5, Prague 6, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic;
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Hussain H, Ali I, Wang D, Hakkim FL, Westermann B, Ahmed I, Ashour AM, Khan A, Hussain A, Green IR, Shah STA. Glycyrrhetinic acid: a promising scaffold for the discovery of anticancer agents. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1497-1516. [PMID: 34294017 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1956901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenes named glycyrrhetinic acids (GAs) featuring a C-30 carboxylic acid group, are extracted from the licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Numerous biological properties of GA have been reported and have attracted researchers from all over the world in recent years due to the peculiar GA scaffold-based semisynthetic cytotoxic effects. AREAS COVERED This review represents the applications of semisynthetic derivatives of GA for the development of future cancer treatments. Included in the review are important structural features of the semisynthetic GAs crucial for cytotoxic effects. EXPERT OPINION Numerous semisynthetic GA derivatives illustrated excellent cytotoxic effects toward various cancer cells. Notably the C-3(OH) at ring A along with C30-CO2H at ring E as vital structural features, make GA very appealing as a lead scaffold for medicinal chemistry, since these two groups permit the creation of further chemical diversity geared toward improved cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, numerous GA derivatives have been synthesized and indicate that compounds featuring cyanoenone moieties in ring A, or compounds having the amino group or nitrogen comprising heterocycles and hybrids thereof, illustrate more potent cytotoxicity. Furthermore, GA has a great capability to be conjugated with other anticancer molecules to synergistically enhance their combined cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China.,Department of Chemistry, Karakoram International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
| | - Daijie Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instruments of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | | | - Bernhard Westermann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmed
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ahmed M Ashour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Matieland, South Africa
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Saeed AM, AlNeyadi SS, Abdou IM. Anticancer activity of novel Schiff bases and azo dyes derived from 3-amino-4-hydroxy-2H-pyrano[3,2-c]quinoline-2,5(6H)-dione. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/hc-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
New Schiff bases and azo dyes derivatives have been synthesized via appropriate conventional methods using pyranoquinolinone as a starting material. The compounds obtained were characterized by spectral analysis and evaluated for anticancer activity in several human tumor cell lines: MCF-7 breast cancer, HepG2 liver cancer and HCT-116 colon carcinoma. 5-fluorouracil was used as a reference drug. The in vitro cytotoxicity screening results revealed that all tested compounds showed promising activity against MCF-7 cells. In particular, compounds 6a, 6b, and 7b showed excellent activity against the three human tumor cell lines. Structure-activity relationship studies indicated that the azo derivative with a trifluoromethoxy group (compound 7b) was the most potent candidate against the three human tumor cell lines (IC50, 1.82-8.06 μg/mL). Our findings highlight pyranoquinolinone analogues as a promising class of compounds for new anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaikha S. AlNeyadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University Al-Ain , Al-Ain UAE
| | - Ibrahim M. Abdou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, UAE University Al-Ain , Al-Ain UAE
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Hassan SM, Morsy JM, Hassanin HM, Othman ES. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel brominated
N
‐alkyl pyrano[3,2‐
c
]quinolinones. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shrouk M. Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Jehan M. Morsy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Hany M. Hassanin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
| | - Elham S. Othman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Xiang M, Song YL, Ji J, Zhou X, Liu LW, Wang PY, Wu ZB, Li Z, Yang S. Synthesis of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic piperazine amides displaying significant in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities against intractable plant bacterial diseases. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2959-2971. [PMID: 32246577 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The limited amount of agrochemicals targeting plant bacterial diseases has motivated us to study innovative antibacterial surrogates with fresh modes of action. Notably, fabrication of violent apoptosis inducers to control the reproduction of pathogenic bacteria should be a feasible way to control plant bacterial diseases. To achieve this aim, we constructed a series of novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic piperazine amides based on the natural bioactive ingredient 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and induced apoptosis behaviors on tested pathogens. RESULTS Screening results suggested that these designed compounds were extremely bioactive against two notorious pathogens, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. axonopodis pv. citri. This conclusion was highlighted by the biological effects of compounds A3 and B1 , affording the related EC50 values of 2.28 and 0.93 μg mL-1 . In vivo trials confirmed the prospective application for managing rice bacterial blight disease with control efficiency within 50.57-53.70% at 200 μg mL-1 . In particular, target compounds could induce the generation of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tested pathogens, subsequently leading to a strong apoptotic effect at a very low drug concentration (≤ 10 μg mL-1 ). This finding was consistent with the observed ROS-enhanced fluorescent images and morphological changes of pathogens from scanning electron microscopy patterns. CONCLUSION Given these features, we anticipate that these novel piperazine-tailored 18β-glycyrrhetinic hybrids can provide an perceptible insight for fighting bacterial infections by activation of the apoptosis mechanism. Novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic piperazine amides were reported to have excellent antibacterial efficacy toward phytopathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and X. axonopodis pv. citri. A possible apoptosis mechanism was proposed from the remarkable apoptotic behaviors triggered by target compounds. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying-Lian Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jin Ji
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Pei-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Bing Wu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhong Li
- College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- College of Pharmacy, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Q, Mohammed EAH, Wang Y, Bai Z, Zhao Q, He D, Wang Z. Synthesis and anti-hepaticfibrosis of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives with inhibiting COX-2. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103804. [PMID: 32272365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Many tests have shown cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was closely related to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which further promoting the onset and development of hepatic fibrosis. According to these research findings, a series of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives were designed and synthesized. Meanwhile, their anti-hepaticfibrotic activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, in the tests of the cell models, all the compounds displayed anti-proliferative effect on the HSC-T6 activated by (transforming growth factor beta) TGF-β1 (10 ng/mL). Among them, compounds 2 and 16 exhibited a stronger activity than the others, and their IC50 values were 17.6 µM and 30.3 µM, respectively; both of them were low toxicity to normal HSC-T6 cells and WI38 cells, and they inhibited the activated HSC-T6 cells proliferation by promoting apoptosis and resting them at the G0/G1 phase. Secondly, compounds 2 and 16 displayed strong inhibitory effect on activation of HSCs; they not only inhibited the expression of α-SMA and Col1 in the activated HSC-T6 cells, but also decreased the levels of COX-2, TGF-β1 and (reactive oxygen species) ROS in a concentration-dependent manner; they down-regulated the levels of three biomarkers in the process of test, but this decrease did not change linearly with the action time of compound. Thirdly, for the rats which induced with (carbontetrachloride) CCl4, the symptoms of liver fibrosis in rats were significantly alleviated after successive administration the tested compound for 14d; the α-SMA level in liver tissue decreased in a concentration dependent manner; and the liver cell necrosis and the fat collagen fiber decreased significantly compared with the positive control group; furthermore, inflammatory infiltration was significantly lower than that of the control. This suggests the compounds possibly are candidates for hepatic fibrosis with promising application in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuping Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | | | - Yanni Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhongjie Bai
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Quanyi Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Dian He
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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13
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Lekar AV, Maksimenko EV, Borisenko SN, Khizrieva SS, Vetrova EV, Borisenko NI, Minkin VI. One-Pot Synthesis of Glycyrrhetinic Acid from Licorice Root in Subcritical Water. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793119070170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Cai D, Zhang ZH, Chen Y, Ruan C, Li SQ, Chen SQ, Chen LS. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel amide-linked 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as novel ALK inhibitors. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11694-11706. [PMID: 35496614 PMCID: PMC9050490 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel amide-linked 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives were developed by incorporating substituted piperazine amide fragments into the C30–COOH of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid scaffold. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against Karpas299, A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and PC-3 cell lines by MTT assay. Besides, some compounds with electron-withdrawing groups on phenyl moieties exhibited noticeable antiproliferative activity. The most potent compound 4a was also found to be non-toxic to normal human hepatocytes LO2 cells. The compound 4a exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against wild-type ALK with an IC50 value of 203.56 nM and relatively weak potent activity to c-Met (IC50 > 1000 nM). Molecular docking studies were performed to explore the diversification in bonding patterns between the compound 4a and Crizotinib. Novel amide-linked 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives were synthesized as potential ALK inhibitors.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cai
- College of Public Basic Sciences
- Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou
- China
| | - Zhi hua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Liaoning University of Technology
- Jinzhou
- China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics
- Shenyang Pharmaceutical University
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Chao Ruan
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou
- China
| | - Sheng qiang Li
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou
- China
| | - Shi qin Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou
- China
| | - Lian shan Chen
- College of Pharmacy
- Jinzhou Medical University
- Jinzhou
- China
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15
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Cai D, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Gong Y. Exploring New Structural Features of the 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Scaffold for the Inhibition of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24193631. [PMID: 31597403 PMCID: PMC6803848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives possessing a carbamate moiety and structurally similar ester derivatives were developed and evaluated for their efficacy as antitumor inhibitors. In the cellular assays, most of the N-substituted carbamate derivatives at the C3-position exhibited potent activities. The results of SAR investigation revealed that the introduction of the morpholine group at the C30-COOH led to a significant loss of the inhibitory potency. Among the ester derivatives, the ester group at C3-position also determined a noticeable reduction in the efficacy. Compound 3j exhibited the most prominent antiproliferative activity against six human cancer cells (A549, HT29, HepG2, MCF-7, PC-3, and Karpas299). Furthermore, compound 3j exerted a moderate inhibiting effect on the ALK. The results of molecular docking analyses suggested that it could bind well to the active site of the receptor ALK, which was consistent with the biological data. These results might inspire further structural optimization of 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid aiming at the development of potent antitumor agents. The structures 4d, 4g, 4h, 4j, and 4n were studied by X-ray crystallographic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Cai
- College of Public Basic Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - ZhiHua Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - YanYan Zhang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - YuQi Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - YiXia Gong
- College of Public Basic Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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16
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Synthesis and biological activity of glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:623-635. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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17
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Chen Z, Chen SC, Li B, Yang YA, Zhang J. Synthesis and Evaluation of Glycyrrhetic Acid-aromatic Hybrids as Antiinflammatory Agents. Med Chem 2019; 16:715-723. [PMID: 31161995 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190603095502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, so it is desirable to search for novel anti-inflammatory agents with improved pharmaceutical profiles and reduced adverse effects. OBJECTIVE This study was to explore natural anti-inflammatory agents and improve therapeutic application of glycyrrhetic acid (GA) through molecular hybridization with active aromatics. METHODS Fourteen novel GA-aromatic hybrids were synthesized and evaluated for their antiinflammatory activities by inhibiting LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in RAW264.7 cells. The synthesized compounds were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS. RESULTS The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study indicated that compounds with styryl displayed better NO inhibitory activity. Among them, compounds 2a and 3c exhibited the most promising activity with IC50 values of 9.93 μM and 12.25 μM, respectively. In addition, X-ray singlecrystal diffraction data for compounds 2e and 3c showed that the absolute configuration of GA skeleton was consistent with that of natural 18 β-glycyrrhetic acid. CONCLUSION The results showed that GA-aromatic hybrids were a new class of anti-inflammatory agents and this study provided useful information on further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Anqing Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Anqing 246052, China
| | - Shi-Chao Chen
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Bo Li
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Anhui Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei 230032, China
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18
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Mitochondria-targeted triphenylphosphonium conjugated glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as potent anticancer drugs. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:179-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Hassanin HM, Abd Elmoneam WR, Mostafa MA. Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation of different 2,5-dialkyloxazolopyrano[3,2-c]quinolinone derivatives. Med Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-018-2259-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Schmid C, Dawid C, Peters V, Hofmann T. Saponins from European Licorice Roots ( Glycyrrhiza glabra). JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:1734-1744. [PMID: 30063346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
European licorice roots ( Glycyrrhiza glabra), used in the food and beverage industry due to their distinctive sweet and typical licorice flavor, were fractionated, with the triterpenoid saponins isolated and their chemical structures determined by means of ESIMS, ESIMS/MS, HRESIMS, and 1D/2D NMR experiments. Next to the quantitatively predominant saponin glycyrrhizin (11) and some previously known saponins, the structures of 10 monodesmosidic saponins were assigned unequivocally for the first time, namely, 30-hydroxyglycyrrhizin (1), glycyrrhizin-20-methanoate (2), 24-hydroxyglucoglycyrrhizin (3), rhaoglycyrrhizin (4), 11-deoxorhaoglycyrrhizin (5), rhaoglucoglycyrrhizin (6), rhaogalactoglycyrrhizin (7), 11-deoxo-20α-glycyrrhizin (8), 20α-galacturonoylglycyrrhizin (9), and 20α-rhaoglycyrrhizin (10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Corinna Dawid
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Verena Peters
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technische Universität München , Lise-Meitner-Straße 34 , D-85354 Freising , Germany
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21
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New fast “One-pot” Technique for the Production of Glycyrrhetinic Acid from the Roots of licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra). Nat Prod Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1801300709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to develop and study a fast “one-pot” procedure for the production of glycyrrhetinic acid (GLA) from the roots of licorice ( Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) using subcritical water (SBW). Technique requires no use expensive and toxic organic solvents. For the first time the new method was used for the production of glycyrrhetinic acid (aglycone of glycyrrhizic acid) by “one-pot” technique. HPLC was used to determine the quantitative compositions of the obtained products. It has been shown that variation of only one parameter of the process (temperature) allows alteration of composition of the products obtained by new “one-pot” technique. The “one-pot” procedure developed for the production of GLA in SBW is faster (12 folds) than conventional methods that use expensive and toxic organic solvents. The proposed procedure has the excellent potential for the future development of the fast and low cost technologies for the production of GLA and its derivatives in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries.
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22
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Hussain H, Green IR, Shamraiz U, Saleem M, Badshah A, Abbas G, Rehman NU, Irshad M. Therapeutic potential of glycyrrhetinic acids: a patent review (2010-2017). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2018; 28:383-398. [PMID: 29558289 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2018.1455828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycyrrhetinic acids (GAs) viz., 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid and 18α-glycyrrhetinic acid, are oleanane-type triterpenes having a carboxylic acid group at C-30, and are extracted from the Chines herbal medicine licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis). Although the pharmacological properties of GAs have long been known, attention to them has greatly increased in recent times due to their cytotoxic activity. AREAS COVERED This review represents the patents granted about natural and synthetic glycyrrhetinic acid analogs from January 2010 to December 2017, the advances made by research groups in conjunction with pharmaceutical companies in the discovery of new natural or synthetic glycyrrhetinic acid analogs. EXPERT OPINION GAs demonstrate excellent cytotoxic, antimicrobial, enzyme inhibitory, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, and antiviral effects. It is interesting to note that the C-3(OH) and C30-CO2H functional groups make GAs very attractive lead structures for medicinal scientists since these functionalities allow the generation of further chemical diversity for improved pharmacological effects. Moreover, various GA analogues have been prepared via modification of the C30-CO2H. It is noteworthy that the C-30 amide of GA demonstrated better cytotoxic effects compared to the parent compounds. In addition, GAs have the capability to conjugate with other anticancer drugs or be converted into their halo or amino analogs which is expected to stimulate medicinal chemist to synthesize new lead compounds in cancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- a Department of Bioorganic Chemistry , Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry , Halle (Saale) , Germany.,b UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ivan R Green
- c Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science , University of Stellenbosch , Stellenbosch , South Africa
| | - Umair Shamraiz
- d Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- e Department of Chemistry , The Islamia University of Bahawalpur , Bahawalpur , Pakistan
| | - Amin Badshah
- d Department of Chemistry , Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- f Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- b UoN Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products , University of Nizwa , Nizwa , Sultanate of Oman
| | - Muhammad Irshad
- g Department of Chemistry , University of Kotli , Azad Jammu & Kashmir , Pakistan
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23
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Bume DD, Harry SA, Pitts CR, Lectka T. Sensitized Aliphatic Fluorination Directed by Terpenoidal Enones: A “Visible Light” Approach. J Org Chem 2018; 83:1565-1575. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Desta Doro Bume
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Stefan Andrew Harry
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Cody Ross Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Thomas Lectka
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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24
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Li B, Cai S, Yang YA, Chen SC, Chen R, Shi JB, Liu XH, Tang WJ. Novel unsaturated glycyrrhetic acids derivatives: Design, synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:337-348. [PMID: 28803048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of unsaturated glycyrrhetic acids were designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using RAW264.7 cells. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of NO inhibitory activity was analyzed. α,β-Unsaturated glycyrrhetic acids showed better activity, among them, compounds 6k and 6l with piperazine unit exhibited the most potent nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibitory activity (IC50 = 13.3 and 15.5 μM respectively). Furthermore, compound 6k could also significantly suppress LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 expression and IL-6 production through MAPKs and NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Shi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yong-An Yang
- Elion Nature Biological Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing 210038, China
| | - Shi-Chao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jing-Bo Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wen-Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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25
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Yan TL, Bai LF, Zhu HL, Zhang WM, Lv PC. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Glycyrrhetic Acid Derivatives as Potential VEGFR2 Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:1087-1096. [PMID: 28599090 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) has been proven to play a major role in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis. A series of novel glycyrrhetic acid derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their VEGFR2 inhibitory activity as well as their antiproliferative properties against four cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, HepG2, and A549). In vitro biological evaluations against these human tumor cell lines indicate that most of the prepared compounds have antiproliferative activities; compound 3 a (3β-hydroxy-30-(4-phenyl-1-piperazinyl)olean-12-ene-11,30-dione) exhibited the best inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 1.08 μm. Compound 3 a also showed the most potent inhibitory activity against VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase, with an IC50 value of 0.35 μm. Docking simulations were performed with the aim of discovering the binding mode of compound 3 a, and the results indicate that 3 a could bind at the VEGFR2 active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Long Yan
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, P.R. China.,Elion Nature Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, P.R. China
| | - Li-Fei Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biofunctional Molecules, College of Life Science and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, 210013, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, P.R. China.,Elion Nature Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Ming Zhang
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, P.R. China.,Elion Nature Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Cheng Lv
- Nanjing Institute for the Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042, P.R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, P.R. China.,Elion Nature Biological Technology Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 210038, P.R. China
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26
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Xu B, Wu GR, Zhang XY, Yan MM, Zhao R, Xue NN, Fang K, Wang H, Chen M, Guo WB, Wang PL, Lei HM. An Overview of Structurally Modified Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives as Antitumor Agents. Molecules 2017; 22:E924. [PMID: 28574470 PMCID: PMC6152714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic Acid (GA), a triterpenoid aglycone component of the natural product glycyrrhizinic acid, was found to possess remarkable anti-proliferative and apoptosis-inducing activity in various cancer cell lines. Though GA was not as active as other triterpenes, such as betulinic acid and oleanolic acid, it could trigger apoptosis in tumor cells and it can be obtained easily and cheaply, which has stimulated scientific interest in using GA as a scaffold to synthesize new antitumor agents. The structural modifications of GA reported in recent decades can be divided into four groups, which include structural modifications on ring-A, ring-C, ring-E and multiple ring modifications. The lack of a comprehensive and recent review on this topic prompted us to gather more new information. This overview is dedicated to summarizing and updating the structural modification of GA to improve its antitumor activity published between 2005 and 2016. We reviewed a total of 210 GA derivatives that we encountered and compiled the most active GA derivatives along with their activity profile in different series. Furthermore, the structure activity relationships of these derivatives are briefly discussed. The included information is expected to be of benefit to further studies of structural modifications of GA to enhance its antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gao-Rong Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng-Meng Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Nan-Nan Xue
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Kang Fang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Wen-Bo Guo
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Peng-Long Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hai-Min Lei
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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27
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Guo W, Yan M, Xu B, Chu F, Wang W, Zhang C, Jia X, Han Y, Xiang H, Zhang Y, Wang P, Lei H. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the novel glycyrrhetinic acid-cinnamoyl hybrids as anti-tumor agents. Chem Cent J 2016. [PMCID: PMC5395518 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-016-0222-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives had shown not only cytotoxicity but also could trigger apoptosis in various human cancer cell lines. Moreover, cinnamic acid (CA) and its phenolic analogues as potent antitumor agents were employed in the design of anti-tumor drugs. To further improve the anti-tumor activity of GA and CA derivatives, a series of novel compounds were designed and synthesized using GA and CA derivatives fragments. Results The result showed that all the novel glycyrrhetinic acid-cinnamoyl (GA–CA) hybrids presented higher antitumor activity on the tumor cell lines of HepG2, HT-29, Hela and lower cytotoxicity on three non-tumor cells lines MDCK, HY926, H9C2 than the parent compounds (IC50 > 50 μM). It was worth noting that 8a had a superior cytotoxicity effect on Hela cells (IC50 = 8.54 μM) than on other cancer cell lines (IC50 > 15 μM). And it also indicated that 8a showed lower cytotoxicity (IC50 > 27 μM) towards MDCK, HY926 and H9C2 cells than cisplatin (DDP, IC50 < 10 μM). Moreover, according to the acute toxicity, it could be indicated that the LD50 of 8a exceeded 3.0 g/kg by oral administration in mice. The further research using Giemsa, H33342 staining, flow cytometric analysis and caspase-3 assay showed that 8a could cause Hela cell damage, nuclei lysis and apoptosis. In addition, the structure–activity relationships of these hybrids were briefly discussed. Conclusions Compared with GA, target compounds demonstrated better anti-tumor activity, among which 8a was the most active one. What’s more, structure–activity relationship analysis also revealed that hybrids with trans olefinic bond group show higher antitumor activity than those without olefinic bond, such as 1a > 1b, 6a > 2b, 8a > 3b, 9a > 4b. In addition, it was found that the methoxy substituent might enhance selectivity of GA–CA hybrids towards regular non-cancerous cells MDCK, HY926 and H9C2, such as 4a, 6a, 7a, 8a. However, there might be less relationship between the cytotoxicity and the quantity, position of methoxy moiety. Hence, it is urgent need to synthesize efficient, low toxicity and multi-target anti-tumor compounds based on the structure combination principle.
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28
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Adeoye AT, Adedapo AA, Abatan MO. Study on acute ulcerous pain in rats treated with aqueous root extract of Lonchocarpus cyanescens. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joad.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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29
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Wang YY, He Y, Yang LF, Peng SH, He XL, Wang JH, Lv F, Hao Y, Liu MY, Yi Z, Qiu WW. Synthesis of novel diterpenoid analogs with in-vivo antitumor activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 120:13-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Huang LR, Hao XJ, Li QJ, Wang DP, Zhang JX, Luo H, Yang XS. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives Possessing a Trihydroxylated A Ring Are Potent Gram-Positive Antibacterial Agents. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:721-731. [PMID: 26928299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The oleanane-type triterpene 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (1) was modified chemically through the introduction of a trihydroxylated A ring and an ester moiety at C-20 to enhance its antibacterial activity. Compounds 22, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, and 32 showed more potent inhibitory activity against Streptomyces scabies than the positive control, streptomycin. Additionally, the inhibitory activity of the most potent compound, 29, against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was greater than that of the positive controls. The antibacterial mode of action of the active derivatives involved the regulation of the expression of genes associated with peptidoglycans, the respiratory metabolism, and the inherent virulence factors found in bacteria, as determined through a quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Rong Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Ago-Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Ago-Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Ji Li
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao-Ping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Ago-Bioengineering, Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University , Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guiyang 550002, People's Republic of China
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31
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Song H, Sun Y, Xu G, Hou B, Ao G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel hydrogen sulfide releasing glycyrrhetic acid derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:1457-63. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2016.1144596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
| | - Yinxing Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
| | - Guanglin Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingbo Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
| | - Guizhen Ao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China and
- College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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32
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Li Y, Feng L, Song ZF, Li HB, Huai QY. Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21020199. [PMID: 26861280 PMCID: PMC6274419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of forty novel glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives were designed and synthesized. The cytotoxic activity of the novel compounds was tested against two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) in vitro by the MTT method. The evaluation results revealed that, in comparison with GA, compound 42 shows the most promising anticancer activity (IC50 1.88 ± 0.20 and 1.37 ± 0.18 μM for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, respectively) and merits further exploration as a new anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Marine College, Shandong University,Weihai 264209, China.
- Zhong Yuan Academy of Biological Medicine, Liaocheng People's Hospital/Affiliated Liaocheng Hospital, Taishan Medical University, Liaocheng 252000, China.
| | - Ling Feng
- Marine College, Shandong University,Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Zhi-Fang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University,Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Hai-Bei Li
- Marine College, Shandong University,Weihai 264209, China.
| | - Qi-Yong Huai
- Marine College, Shandong University,Weihai 264209, China.
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33
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Heller L, Sommerwerk S, Tzschöckell F, Wiemann J, Schwarz S, Siewert B, Al-Harrasi A, Csuk R. First Occurrence of a Furano-glycyrrhetinoate and Its Cytotoxicity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2015; 348:889-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Heller
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sven Sommerwerk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Felix Tzschöckell
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jana Wiemann
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Chair of Oman's Medicinal Plants and Marine Natural Products; University of Nizwa, Birkat Al-Mauz; Nizwa Sultanate of Oman
| | - René Csuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
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34
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Lekar AV, Borisenko SN, Vetrova EV, Filonova OV, Maksimenko EV, Borisenko NI, Minkin VI. Study of an Acid-Free Technique for the Preparation of Glycyrrhetinic Acid from Ammonium Glycyrrhizinate in Subcritical Water. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501001102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study an application of a previously developed expedient acid-free technique for the preparation of glycyrrhetinic acid from ammonium glycyrrhizinate that requires no use of acids and toxic organic solvents. Subcritical water that serves as a reactant and a solvent was used in order to obtain glycyrrhetinic acid in good yields starting from ammonium glycyrrhizinate. It has been shown that variation of only one parameter of the process (temperature) allows alteration to thecomposition of the hydrolysis products. A new method was used for the synthesis of glycyrrhetinic acid (glycyrrhizic acid aglycone) and its monoglycoside. HPLC combined with mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were used to determine the quantitative and qualitative compositions of the obtained products. The method developed for the production of glycyrrhetinic acid in subcritical water is environmentally friendly and faster than conventional hydrolysis methods that use acids and expensive and toxic organic solvents. The proposed technique has a potential for the future development of inexpensive and environmentally friendly technologies for production of new pharmaceutical plant-based substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Lekar
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Borisenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Vetrova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Olga V. Filonova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Elena V. Maksimenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Nikolai I. Borisenko
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Vladimir I. Minkin
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
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35
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Rodríguez-Hernández D, Demuner AJ, Barbosa LCA, Csuk R, Heller L. Hederagenin as a triterpene template for the development of new antitumor compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 105:57-62. [PMID: 26476750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel C-28 esters and amides derivatives of hederagenin (He) were designed and synthesized in attempt to develop potent antitumor agents. Their structures were confirmed by MS, IR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analyses and their cytotoxic activities were screened in SRB assays using a panel of six human cancer cell lines. Although most of the compounds displayed moderate to high levels of cytotoxic activity they were all more potent than the natural product He. The most active compounds had either an ethylpyrimidinyl (27) or an ethylpyrrolidinyl (28) substituent, with EC50 in the range of 1.1-6.5 μM for six human cancer cell lines. Notably, this corresponds to an approximately 30-fold times greater potency than He.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rodríguez-Hernández
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Demuner
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz C A Barbosa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, CEP 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Campus Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - René Csuk
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Lucie Heller
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Organic Chemistry, Kurt-Mothes-Str.2, D-06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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36
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11-Keto-boswellic acid derived amides and monodesmosidic saponins induce apoptosis in breast and cervical cancers cells. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 100:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Cui HW, He Y, Wang J, Gao W, Liu T, Qin M, Wang X, Gao C, Wang Y, Liu MY, Yi Z, Qiu WW. Synthesis of heterocycle-modified betulinic acid derivatives as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 95:240-8. [PMID: 25817774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel heterocycle-modified betulinic acid (BA) derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their activity against the growth of eight non-drug resistant and one multidrug-resistant tumor cell line using a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The most active compound 17 showed an average IC50 1.19 μM, which was about 20 times more potent than the lead compound BA. It is amazing that for most synthetic saturated N-heterocycle derivatives, MCF-7/ADR was the most sensitive tumor cells, especially 17 showed the most potent antitumor activity (IC50 = 0.33 μM) on this multidrug-resistant tumor cell line, that was 117 times more potent than BA. Most of the tested compounds displayed less toxic on human fibroblasts (HAF) in comparison with the tumor cell lines. The cytometry and transwell migration assays were used to test the ability of 17 to induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis on tumor cell lines respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Wei Cui
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuan He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Min Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ming-Yao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zhengfang Yi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Wen-Wei Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, China.
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38
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Kalani K, Cheema HS, Tripathi H, Khan F, Daroker MP, Srivastava SK. QSAR-guided semi-synthesis and in vitro validation of antiplasmodial activity in ursolic acid derivatives. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13709d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As a part of antimalarial drug discovery programme, a QSAR model was developed for the prediction of antiplasmodial activity in ursolic acid derivatives, followed by semi-synthesis of virtually active derivatives and their biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Kalani
- Medicinal Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Harveer Singh Cheema
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Himanshu Tripathi
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Feroz Khan
- Metabolic & Structural Biology Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - M. P. Daroker
- Molecular Bioprospection Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Santosh Kumar Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Department
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
- Lucknow-226015
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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39
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Li JF, Huang RZ, Yao GY, Ye MY, Wang HS, Pan YM, Xiao JT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel aniline-derived asiatic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 86:175-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Li X, Wang Y, Gao Y, Li L, Guo X, Liu D, Jing Y, Zhao L. Synthesis of methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxo-18β-olean-1,9(11)-dien-30-oate analogues to determine the active groups for inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. Org Biomol Chem 2014; 12:6706-16. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob00703d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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41
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Farag MA, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA. Unequivocal glycyrrhizin isomer determination and comparative in vitro bioactivities of root extracts in four Glycyrrhiza species. J Adv Res 2014; 6:99-104. [PMID: 25685548 PMCID: PMC4293670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice, is a popular herbal supplement used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions and as sweetener in the food industry. This species contains a myriad of phytochemicals including the major saponin glycoside glycyrrhizin (G) of Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) aglycone. In this study, 2D-ROESY NMR technique was successfully applied for distinguishing 18α and 18β glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). ROESY spectra acquired from G. glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis and Glycyrrhiza inflata crude extracts revealed the presence of G in its β-form. Anti-inflammatory activity of four Glycyrrhiza species, G, glabra, G. uralensis, G. inflata, and G. echinata roots was assessed against COX-1 inhibition revealing that phenolics rather than glycyrrhizin are biologically active in this assay. G. inflata exhibits a strong cytotoxic effect against PC3 and HT29 cells lines, whereas other species are inactive. This study presents an effective NMR method for G isomer assignment in licorice extracts that does not require any preliminary chromatography or any other purification step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr el Aini st., P.B. 11562, Cairo, Egypt ; Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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42
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Gao C, Dai FJ, Cui HW, Peng SH, He Y, Wang X, Yi ZF, Qiu WW. Synthesis of novel heterocyclic ring-fused 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives with antitumor and antimetastatic activity. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:223-33. [PMID: 24612785 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is one of the most important triterpenoic acids shows many pharmacological effects, especially antitumor activity. GA triggers apoptosis in various tumor cell lines. However, the antitumor activity of GA is weak, thus the synthesis of new synthetic analogs with enhanced potency is needed. By introducing various five-member fused heterocyclic rings at C-2 and C-3 positions, 18 novel GA derivatives were obtained. These compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the growth of eight different tumor cell lines using a SRB assay. The most active compound 37 showed IC50 between 5.19 and 11.72 μm, which was about 11-fold more potent than the lead compound GA. An apoptotic effect of GA and 37 was determined using flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion assays. We also demonstrated here for the first time that GA and the synthetic derivatives exhibited inhibitory effect on migration of the tested tumor cells, especially 37 which was about 20-fold more potent than GA on antimetastatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
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43
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Pettit GR, Melody N, Hempenstall F, Chapuis JC, Groy TL, Williams L. Antineoplastic agents. 595. Structural modifications of betulin and the X-ray crystal structure of an unusual betulin amine dimer. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2014; 77:863-72. [PMID: 24694263 PMCID: PMC4010298 DOI: 10.1021/np400947d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The lupane-type triterpene betulin (1) has been subjected to a series of structural modifications for the purpose of evaluating resultant cancer cell growth inhibitory activity. The reaction sequence 7→11→12 was especially noteworthy in providing a betulin-derived amine dimer. Other unexpected synthetic results included the 11 and 13/14→17 conversions, which yielded an imidazo derivative. X-ray crystal structures of dimer 12 and intermediate 25 are reported. All of the betulin modifications were examined for anticancer activity against the P388 murine and human cell lines. Significant cancer cell growth inhibition was found for 4, 8, 9, 15/16, 19, 20, 24, and 26, which further defines the utility of the betulin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R. Pettit
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Noeleen Melody
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Frank Hempenstall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Jean-Charles Chapuis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
| | - Thomas L. Groy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871604, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, United States
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Salomatina OV, Markov AV, Logashenko EB, Korchagina DV, Zenkova MA, Salakhutdinov NF, Vlassov VV, Tolstikov GA. Synthesis of novel 2-cyano substituted glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives as inhibitors of cancer cells growth and NO production in LPS-activated J-774 cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:585-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Highlights of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids in the Cancer Settings. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63294-4.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Loizzo MR, Menichini F, Tundis R. Recent Insights into the Emerging Role of Triterpenoids in Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-59603-1.00001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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47
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Farag MA, Porzel A, Wessjohann LA. Comparative metabolite profiling and fingerprinting of medicinal licorice roots using a multiplex approach of GC-MS, LC-MS and 1D NMR techniques. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 76:60-72. [PMID: 22336263 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra, commonly known as licorice, is a popular herbal supplement used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory conditions and possesses anticancer and antiviral activities. This species contains a plethora of phytochemicals including terpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, polyamines and polysaccharides. The full complement of bioactive compounds has yet to be elucidated, a step necessary in order to explain its medicinal use. There are over 30 species in the Glycyrrhiza genus world-wide, most of which have been little characterized in terms of phytochemical or pharmacological properties. Here, large scale multi-targeted metabolic profiling and fingerprinting techniques were utilized to help gain a broader insight into Glycyrrhiza species chemical composition. UV, MS and NMR spectra of extracted components were connected with NMR, MS, and multivariate analyses data from Glycyrrhiza glabra, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Glycyrrhiza inflata and Glycyrrhiza echinata. Major peaks in (1)H NMR and MS spectra contributing to the discrimination among species were assigned as those of glycyrrhizin, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and glycosidic conjugates of liquiritigenin/isoliquiritigenin. Primary metabolites profiling using GC-MS revealed the presence of cadaverine, an amino acid, exclusively found in G. inflata roots. Both LC-MS and NMR were found effective techniques in sample classification based on genetic and or geographical origin as revealed from derived PCA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Farag
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Gao Z, Kang X, Hu J, Ju Y, Xu C. Induction of apoptosis with mitochondrial membrane depolarization by a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative in human leukemia K562 cells. Cytotechnology 2012; 64:421-8. [PMID: 22274625 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-011-9419-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) is the active compound in Glycyrrhizae radix, a famous traditional Chinese medicine. Recently the anticancer activity of GA became the focus of scientific interest and many GA derivatives were developed as anti-tumor lead compounds. We previously reported that AEGA, a GA derivative, has proliferation inhibition and apoptosis-inducing activity in various human tumor cells. The present study was undertaken to further investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in AEGA-induced apoptosis in human leukemia K562 cells. AEGA can inhibit the growth of K562 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners determined by the MTT assay. Induction of apoptosis was evidenced by morphological changes and biochemical markers such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and DNA ladder formation. Further mechanistic analysis revealed that AEGA induced apoptosis through the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, the accumulation of the cytosolic cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. The apoptosis induction by AEGA was associated with the alteration in the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax protein expression. These results suggest that AEGA may induce apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway, and might have the therapeutic value against hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbei Gao
- The Laboratory of Proteomics and Molecular Enzymology, College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang Province, China
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Csuk R, Schwarz S, Siewert B, Kluge R, Ströhl D. Synthesis and antitumor activity of ring A modified glycyrrhetinic acid derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5356-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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50
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Csuk R, Schwarz S, Siewert B, Kluge R, Ströhl D. Conversions at C-30 of Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Their Impact on Antitumor Activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 345:223-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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