1
|
Gattu R, Ramesh SS, Nadigar S, D CG, Ramesh S. Conjugation as a Tool in Therapeutics: Role of Amino Acids/Peptides-Bioactive (Including Heterocycles) Hybrid Molecules in Treating Infectious Diseases. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030532. [PMID: 36978399 PMCID: PMC10044335 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide-based drugs are gaining significant momentum in the modern drug discovery, which is witnessed by the approval of new drugs by the FDA in recent years. On the other hand, small molecules-based drugs are an integral part of drug development since the past several decades. Peptide-containing drugs are placed between small molecules and the biologics. Both the peptides as well as the small molecules (mainly heterocycles) pose several drawbacks as therapeutics despite their success in curing many diseases. This gap may be bridged by utilising the so called 'conjugation chemistry', in which both the partners are linked to one another through a stable chemical bond, and the resulting conjugates are found to possess attracting benefits, thus eliminating the stigma associated with the individual partners. Over the past decades, the field of molecular hybridisation has emerged to afford us new and efficient molecular architectures that have shown high promise in medicinal chemistry. Taking advantage of this and also considering our experience in this field, we present herein a review concerning the molecules obtained by the conjugation of peptides (amino acids) to small molecules (heterocycles as well as bioactive compounds). More than 125 examples of the conjugates citing nearly 100 references published during the period 2000 to 2022 having therapeutic applications in curing infectious diseases have been covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohith Gattu
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay S Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Siddaram Nadigar
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| | - Channe Gowda D
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru 570005, Karnataka, India
| | - Suhas Ramesh
- Postgraduate Department of Chemistry, JSS College of Arts, Commerce and Science, Ooty Road, Mysuru 570025, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Trending strategies for the synthesis of quinolinones and isoquinolinones. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
3
|
Zheng B, Trieu TH, Li FL, Zhu XL, He YG, Fan QQ, Shi XX. Copper-Catalyzed Benign and Efficient Oxidation of Tetrahydroisoquinolines and Dihydroisoquinolines Using Air as a Clean Oxidant. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:8243-8252. [PMID: 31458961 PMCID: PMC6644811 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A green chemical method for mild oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines (THIQs) and 3,4-dihydroisoquinolines (DHIQs) has been developed using air (O2) as a clean oxidant. DHIQs and THIQs could be efficiently oxidized to isoquinolines in dimethyl sulfoxide at 25 °C under an open air atmosphere with CuBr2 (20 mol %) as the catalyst; different bases [NaOEt and/or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene] were used for the reaction according to the patterns of substituents (R1, R2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Tien Ha Trieu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Li
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Liang Zhu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Gang He
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Qi Fan
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Shi
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, and Department of
Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Mei-Long Road, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng B, Trieu TH, Meng TZ, Lu X, Dong J, Zhang Q, Shi XX. Cu-catalyzed mild and efficient oxidation of THβCs using air: application in practical total syntheses of perlolyrine and flazin. RSC Adv 2018; 8:6834-6839. [PMID: 35540313 PMCID: PMC9078326 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra13434g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A mild, efficient and environmentally benign method for synthesis of aromatic β-carbolines via Cu(ii)-catalyzed oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) was developed, in which air (O2) was used as the clean oxidant. This method has advantages such as environmentally friendliness, mildness, very good tolerance of functional groups, high yielding and easy experiment operation. In addition, this new methodology was successfully applied in the efficient and practical total syntheses of β-carboline alkaloids perlolyrine and flazin. A mild, efficient and ecofriendly method for synthesis of β-carbolines via Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) was developed. In addition, this method was successfully applied in the practical total syntheses of perlolyrine and flazin.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Tien Ha Trieu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Tian-Zhuo Meng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Xia Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Jing Dong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Xin Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology
- School of Pharmacy
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang M, Rakesh KP, Leng J, Fang WY, Ravindar L, Channe Gowda D, Qin HL. Amino acids/peptides conjugated heterocycles: A tool for the recent development of novel therapeutic agents. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:113-129. [PMID: 29169078 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids/peptide conjugated heterocycles represent an important class of therapeutical agents. Biologically active heterocycles are conjugated with amino acids or peptides to increase the drug resistance. Furthermore, the amino acid/peptide based drugs have low toxicity, ample bioavailability and permeability, modest potency and good metabolic and pharmacokinetic properties. Synthetic amino acid/peptides based heterocyclic conjugates constitute a promising choice for the development of new, less toxic and safer conventional pharmaceutical drugs in the near future. In this review, we discuss and highlight the recent findings of the structural features that encourage biological applications of amino acid/peptides based conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - K P Rakesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
| | - Jing Leng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - Wan-Yin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - L Ravindar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China
| | - D Channe Gowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysuru 570006, Karnataka, India.
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, 205 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430073, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Synthesis of Isoquinolinones via Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed C–H Activation/Annulation. Catalysts 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/catal7110320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
|
7
|
Zhao W, Zhang Y, Jiang X, Cui C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of VEGF-siRNA/CRS as a novel vector for gene delivery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2016; 10:3851-3865. [PMID: 27920500 PMCID: PMC5125806 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery is a prospective method in gene therapy, but it has application limitations such as negative charge, water solubility and high molecular weight. In this study, a safe and efficient nano-vector, CRS, was designed and synthesized to facilitate siRNA delivery. Physical and chemical properties of VEGF-siRNA/CRS were characterized by methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential (ζ) measurement, drug-releasing rate measurement, gel electrophoresis and confocal microscopy. The biological activities were evaluated using cell viability assay, gene-silencing efficacy assay in vitro, real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and antitumor tests in vivo. The mean nanoparticle size of VEGF-siRNA/CRS was 121.4±0.3 nm with positive ζ potential of 7.69±4.47 mV. The release rate of VEGF-siRNA from VEGF-siRNA/CRS was 82.50% sustained for 48 h in Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer (pH 8.0). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the efficiency of the transfection, and the result showed that VEGF mRNA expression had been knocked down by 82.36%. The expression of VEGF protein was also recorded to be downregulated to 14.83% using ELISA. The results of cytotoxicity measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay showed that VEGF-siRNA/CRS had significant inhibitory effect on HeLa cells. The results of antitumor assays indicated that VEGF-siRNA/CRS exhibited tumor cell growth inhibition in vivo. The results demonstrated that VEGF-siRNA could be delivered and transported by the designed carrier, while siRNA could be released constantly and led to an increasing gene-silencing effect against VEGF gene. In conclusion, VEGF-siRNA/CRS is a promising carrier for siRNA delivery, and further studies are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyun Jiang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Cui
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gao F, Liu H, Li L, Guo J, Wang Y, Zhao M, Peng S. Design, synthesis, and testing of an isoquinoline-3-carboxylic-based novel anti-tumor lead. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4434-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Efficient copper(I)-catalyzed, microwave-assisted, one-pot synthesis of 3,4-diaryl isoquinolines. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-013-1462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|