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From the North Sea to Drug Repurposing, the Antiseizure Activity of Halimide and Plinabulin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020247. [PMID: 35215359 PMCID: PMC8878679 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PharmaSea performed large-scale in vivo screening of marine natural product (MNP) extracts, using zebrafish embryos and larvae, to identify compounds with the potential to treat epilepsy. In this study, we report the discovery of two new antiseizure compounds, the 2,5-diketopiperazine halimide and its semi-synthetic analogue, plinabulin. Interestingly, these are both known microtubule destabilizing agents, and plinabulin could have the potential for drug repurposing, as it is already in clinical trials for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Both halimide and plinabulin were found to have antiseizure activity in the larval zebrafish pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) seizure model via automated locomotor analysis and non-invasive local field potential recordings. The efficacy of plinabulin was further characterized in animal models of drug-resistant seizures, i.e., the larval zebrafish ethyl ketopentenoate (EKP) seizure model and the mouse 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model. Plinabulin was observed to be highly effective against EKP-induced seizures, on the behavioral and electrophysiological level, and showed activity in the mouse model. These data suggest that plinabulin could be of interest for the treatment of drug-resistant seizures. Finally, the investigation of two functional analogues, colchicine and indibulin, which were observed to be inactive against EKP-induced seizures, suggests that microtubule depolymerization does not underpin plinabulin’s antiseizure action.
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Moghaddas SA, Hossaini Z, Zareyee D. Green synthesis and investigation of antioxidant ability new pyrazines containing pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Ali Moghaddas
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Qaemshahr Iran
| | | | - Daryoush Zareyee
- Department of Chemistry, Qaemshahr Branch Islamic Azad University Qaemshahr Iran
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Grover G, Nath R, Bhatia R, Akhtar MJ. Synthetic and therapeutic perspectives of nitrogen containing heterocycles as anti-convulsants. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115585. [PMID: 32631563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the commonly prevailing neurological disorders. According to the reports, it is evident that about 80% of the epileptic cases have been observed in developing countries. Although there are many drugs with significant potency available in the market; still there is an issue of selectivity and toxicity. Therefore, continuous attempts have been made by the researchers to develop newer therapeutic agents against epilepsy. Many synthetic strategies have been available in the literature to synthesize various classes of anticonvulsants with promising activity. In the presented review, authors have summarized some newer synthetic routes being used for the synthesis of nitrogen-containing anticonvulsants taking a cue from the reported established anticonvulsant drugs viz. vigabatrin, sodium valproate, oxcarbazepine, felbamate, retigabine, and gabapentin. Various derivatives with the substitution for better anticonvulsant profile have been described in the figures for easy comparative study. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) of compounds with maximum potency has also been discussed. This article may serve as a boost for the researchers to modify the pre-existing synthetic routes as well as to improve potency and yield of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Grover
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rajarshi Nath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal Kalan, Ferozpur G.T. Road MOGA-142001, Punjab, India.
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Wang T, Dong S, Chen X, Qian K, Wang H, Quan H, Zhang Z, Zuo Y, Huang L, Li D, Yang M, Yang S, Jin Y, Wang Z. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, homology modeling and docking studies of (E)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene) pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives as potent anticonvulsant agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1324-1329. [PMID: 29548572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of (E)-3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-ylmethylene)pyrrolidin-2-one derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activities. In the preliminary screening, compounds 5, 6a-6f and 6h-6i showed promising anticonvulsant activities in MES model, while 6f and 6g represented protection against seizures at doses of 100 mg/kg and 0.5 h in scPTZ model. The most active compound 6d had a high-degree protection against the MES-induced seizures with ED50 value of 4.3 mg/kg and TD50 value of 160.9 mg/kg after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection in mice, which provided 6d in a high protective index (TD50/ED50) of 37.4 comparable to the reference drugs. Beyond that, 6d has been selected and evaluated in vitro experiment to estimate the activation impact. Apparently, 6d clearly inhibits the Nav1.1 channel. Our preliminary results provide new insights for the development of small-molecule activators targeting specifically Nav1.1 channels to design potential drugs for treating epilepsy. The computational parameters, such as homology modeling, docking study, and ADME prediction, were made to exploit the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shiyang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Huayu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hexiu Quan
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China; Basic Medical College, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhongli Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Yueming Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Liping Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Dongxun Li
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shilin Yang
- The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China; The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Dong S, Wang T, Wang H, Qian K, Zhang Z, Zuo Y, Luo G, Jin Y, Wang Z. Synthesis and Evaluation of 5-(o-Tolyl)-1H-tetrazole Derivatives as Potent Anticonvulsant Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350. [PMID: 28418160 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-(o-tolyl)-1H-tetrazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anticonvulsant activities. 1-(2-Methylbenzyl)-5-(o-tolyl)-1H-tetrazole (3h) showed important anticonvulsant activity against the MES-induced seizures, as well as lower neurotoxicity with an ED50 value of 12.7 mg/kg and a TD50 value of over 500 mg/kg after intraperitoneal injection into mice, providing 3h with a high protective index (TD50 /ED50 ) of over 39.4. The achieved results prove that the distinctive compounds could be valuable as a model for future development, adaptation, and investigation to construct more active analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyang Dong
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Huayu Wang
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun Qian
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhongli Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueming Zuo
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Guangming Luo
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yi Jin
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,The National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, JiangXi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Eften’eva RI, Kushnir OV, Lyavinets OS, Mangalagiu II, Vovk MV. Synthesis of polyfunctionalized pyrido[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]quinolines via one-pot multicomponent reactions. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1836-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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7
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Bujalska-Zadrożny M, Kogut E, de Cordé A, Dawidowski M, Kleczkowska P. Antinociceptive activity of intraperitoneally administered novel and potent anticonvulsive compound, CY-PROLL-SS, in animal neuropathic pain models. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:601-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Synthesis of new perhydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives and their evaluation in animal models of epilepsy. Molecules 2014; 19:15955-81. [PMID: 25295751 PMCID: PMC6271403 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel stereochemically pure derivatives of the investigative broad-spectrum anticonvulsant ADD408003 was designed and synthesized. Five-center four-component (U-5C-4CR) and four-center three-component (U-4C-3CR) variants of Ugi reaction were used in the key step of the synthetic pathways. The compounds obtained were evaluated for the anticonvulsant activitiy in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES), subcutaneous Metrazole (scMET) and minimal clonic seizure (6 Hz) animal models of epilepsy. The efficacies of most derivatives in the 6 Hz model of pharmacoresistant partial seizures were markedly higher than in the ‘classical’ MES and scMET models. The most active compounds, (4R,8aR)-3a, and (4S,8aS)-6 displayed median effective doses (ED50) of 47.90 and 126.19 mg/kg, respectively, for the 6 Hz test.
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Dawidowski M, Chońska J, Mika W, Turło J. Novel fluorinated pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-2,6-dione derivatives: Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation in animal models of epilepsy. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5410-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Aboul-Enein MN, El-Azzouny AA, Attia MI, Maklad YA, Aboutabl ME, Ragab F, Abd El-Hamid WHA. Anticonvulsant profiles of certain new 6-aryl-9-substituted-6,9-diazaspiro-[4.5]decane-8,10-diones and 1-aryl-4-substituted-1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diones. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:16911-35. [PMID: 25250910 PMCID: PMC4200821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150916911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and anticonvulsant potential of certain new 6-aryl-9-substituted-6,9-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-8,10-diones (6a–l) and 1-aryl-4-substituted-1,4-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-diones (6m–x) are reported. The intermediates 1-[(aryl)(cyanomethyl)amino]cycloalkanecarboxamides (3a–f) were prepared via adopting Strecker synthesis on the proper cycloalkanone followed by partial hydrolysis of the obtained nitrile functionality and subsequent N-cyanomethylation. Compounds 3a–f were subjected to complete nitrile hydrolysis to give the respective carboxylic acid derivatives 4a–f which were cyclized under mild conditions to give the spiro compounds 5a–f. Ultimately, compounds 5a–f were alkylated or aralkylated to give the target compounds 6a–i and 6m–u. On the other hand, compounds 6j–l and 6v–x were synthesized from the intermediates 5a–f through alkylation, dehydration and finally tetrazole ring formation. Anticonvulsant screening of the target compounds 6a–x revealed that compound 6g showed an ED50 of 0.0043 mmol/kg in the scPTZ screen, being about 14 and 214 fold more potent than the reference drugs, Phenobarbital (ED50 = 0.06 mmol/kg) and Ethosuximide (ED50 = 0.92 mmol/kg), respectively. Compound 6e exhibited an ED50 of 0.019 mmol/kg, being about 1.8 fold more potent than that of the reference drug, Diphenylhydantoin (ED50 = 0.034 mmol/kg) in the MES screen. Interestingly, all the test compounds 6a–x did not show any minimal motor impairment at the maximum administered dose in the neurotoxicity screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed N Aboul-Enein
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Medicinal Chemistry Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Aida A El-Azzouny
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Medicinal Chemistry Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed I Attia
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Medicinal Chemistry Group), Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Yousreya A Maklad
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group) Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mona E Aboutabl
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department (Pharmacology Group) Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Ragab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Walaa H A Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr University for Science & Technology, 6th of October City 12566, Egypt.
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New 6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine-2-carbohydrazide derivatives: synthesis and anticonvulsant studies. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ulloora S, Shabaraya R, Ranganathan R, Adhikari AV. Synthesis, anticonvulsant and anti-inflammatory studies of new 1,4-dihydropyridin-4-yl-phenoxyacetohydrazones. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 70:341-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Structure–activity relationships of the aromatic site in novel anticonvulsant pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6106-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dawidowski M, Turło J. Multicomponent synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of monocyclic 2,6-diketopiperazine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2013; 23:2007-2018. [PMID: 24587688 PMCID: PMC3918383 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0800-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a series of diastereomerically pure monocyclic 2,6-diketopiperazine (2,6-DKP) derivatives were synthesized. The key synthetic step involved a multicomponent Ugi five-center, four-component reaction which was used to generate the convertible tert-butylamidoesters with both good yields and high diastereoselectivity toward the desired bioactive (S,S) absolute configuration. In subsequent steps, selective tertbutyl cleavage by use of BF3·CH3COOH and base-induced intramolecular cyclocondensation gave the final 2,6-DKP derivatives. The relative stereochemistry of the target molecules was confirmed by 1H NMR experiments. The compounds obtained were submitted to in vivo screening in animal models of epilepsy. Some of them displayed good activity in maximal electroshock seizure and 6 Hz tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Dawidowski
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Turło
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 Str., 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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Ulloora S, Shabaraya R, Adhikari AV. Facile synthesis of new imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines carrying 1,2,3-triazoles via click chemistry and their antiepileptic studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3368-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Ulloora S, Shabaraya R, Aamir S, Adhikari AV. New imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines carrying active pharmacophores: synthesis and anticonvulsant studies. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 23:1502-6. [PMID: 23352511 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Five new series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines carrying biologically active pyrazoline (4a-e), cyanopyridone (5a, b), cyanopyridine (6a-f), 2-aminopyrimidine (7a-f) and pyrimidine-2-thione (8a-d) systems were designed and synthesized as prominent anticonvulsant agents. The target compounds were screened for their in vivo anticonvulsant activity following maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylene tetrazole (scPTZ) methods at a small test dose of 10 mg/kg. Further, Rotarod toxicity method was used to study the toxicity profile of selected compounds. Compounds 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 7e and 8d possessing 4-fluorophenyl substituent at 2nd position of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring displayed potent anticonvulsant activity without displaying any toxicity. Enhanced activity profile was observed for new compounds in PTZ method over MES method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikanth Ulloora
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575 025, Karnataka, India
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Dawidowski M, Herold F, Wilczek M, Turło J, Chodkowski A, Gomółka A, Kleps J. Synthesis of bicyclic 2,6-diketopiperazines via a three-step sequence involving an Ugi five-center, four-component reaction. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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