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Lee SH, Lee S. Effects of Melatonin and Silymarin on Reactive Oxygen Species, Nitric Oxide Production, and Sperm Viability and Motility during Sperm Freezing in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13101705. [PMID: 37238134 DOI: 10.3390/ani13101705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm during the freezing and thawing process is damaged by oxidative stress. Thus, its antioxidant scavenger is essential for sperm survival and death in frozen-thawed semen. We used melatonin and silymarin in experiments after the dose-dependent experiment. Our study aimed to identify the effect of melatonin and silymarin on the motility and viability of sperm, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) production in frozen-thawed boar semen. Melatonin and silymarin were treated alone and cotreated in the fresh boar semen. Boar semen was collected using the gloved-hand method from ten crossbred pigs, and samples were used in the experiments. We evaluated sperm viability using SYBR-14 and PI kit, and ROS and NO production were detected by DCF-DA and DAF-2, respectively. The sperm motility was not significantly different between non-treatment and treatment. ROS and NO production in frozen-thawed sperm were decreased by melatonin and silymarin. Moreover, silymarin significantly reduced NO production more than melatonin. Melatonin and silymarin enhanced the viability of sperm. We suggest that melatonin and silymarin are essential antioxidants in semen cryopreservation for protecting sperm damage and maintaining sperm viability. Melatonin and silymarin may be useful antioxidants in freezing boar sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyung Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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Wang Z, Li J, Liu Y, Chen Q, Zhang P, Wu J. Direct a-C(sp3)-H thioetheration/selenylation of nafimidone derivatives enabled by electrocatalysis. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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3
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N-Phenacyldibromobenzimidazoles—Synthesis Optimization and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144349. [PMID: 35889223 PMCID: PMC9315981 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antifungal N-phenacyl derivatives of 4,6- and 5,6-dibromobenzimidazoles are interesting substrates in the synthesis of new antimycotics. Unfortunately, their application is limited by the low synthesis yields and time-consuming separation procedure. In this paper, we present the optimization of the synthesis conditions and purification methods of N-phenacyldibromobenzimidazoles. The reactions were carried out in various base solvent-systems including K2CO3, NaH, KOH, t-BuOK, MeONa, NaHCO3, Et3N, Cs2CO3, DBU, DIPEA, or DABCO as a base, and MeCN, DMF, THF, DMSO, or dioxane as a solvent. The progress of the reaction was monitored using HPLC analysis. The best results were reached when the reactions were carried out in an NaHCO3–MeCN system at reflux for 24 h. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds against MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), A-549 (lung adenocarcinoma), CCRF-CEM (acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and MRC-5 (normal lung fibroblasts) was evaluated. We observed that the studied cell lines differed in sensitivity to the tested compounds with MCF-7 cells being the most sensitive, while A-549 cells were the least sensitive. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the tested derivatives towards CCRF-CEM cells increased with the number of chlorine or fluorine substituents. Furthermore, some of the active compounds, i.e., 2-(5,6-dibromo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethanone (4f), 2-(4,6-dibromo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)ethanone (5g), and 2-(4,6-dibromo-1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)-1-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)ethanone (5j) demonstrated pro-apoptotic properties against leukemic cells with derivative 5g being the most effective.
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A green and simple method for the synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives using acidic ionic liquid as an effective and recyclable catalyst under ultrasound. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04517-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Gholami Orimi F, Mirza B, Hossaini Z. Fe
3
O
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/ZnO/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes magnetic nanocomposites promoted five components synthesis of new imidazole derivatives. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Behrooz Mirza
- Department of Chemistry Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch Karaj Iran
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Zheng X, Ma Z, Zhang D. Synthesis of Imidazole-Based Medicinal Molecules Utilizing the van Leusen Imidazole Synthesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:ph13030037. [PMID: 32138202 PMCID: PMC7151684 DOI: 10.3390/ph13030037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazole and its derivatives are one of the most vital and universal heterocycles in medicinal chemistry. Owing to their special structural features, these compounds exhibit a widespread spectrum of significant pharmacological or biological activities, and are widely researched and applied by pharmaceutical companies for drug discovery. The van Leusen reaction based on tosylmethylisocyanides (TosMICs) is one of the most appropriate strategies to synthetize imidazole-based medicinal molecules, which has been increasingly developed on account of its advantages. In this review, we summarize the recent developments of the chemical synthesis and bioactivity of imidazole-containing medicinal small molecules, utilizing the van Leusen imidazole synthesis from 1977.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xunan Zheng
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.Z.); (Z.M.)
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhengning Ma
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.Z.); (Z.M.)
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (X.Z.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-431-8783-6471
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Sorrenti V, Randazzo CL, Caggia C, Ballistreri G, Romeo FV, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N, Raffaele M, Vanella L. Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Probiotics on Pre-adipocyte Differentiation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:660. [PMID: 31001233 PMCID: PMC6456667 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of pomegranate are due to the ellagitannins and anthocyanins content, which are protective toward a wide variety of diseases including inflammatory diseases. Many investigators have reported that pomegranate waste (peel and seeds) extracts, made from waste product of industrial processing, show free radical scavenger and a potent antioxidant capacity. Pomegranate extracts (PEs) were also reported to possess noteworty antibacterial, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory bioactivities thanks to the polyphenolic compounds content, which includes punicalagins, gallic acid, and ellagic acid derivatives. The focus of the present manuscript was to study the prebiotic potentiality of a PE, soluble in water, and characterized through HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS n for its phenolic content. Moreover, since it has been reported that pomegranate extracts decreased the level of lipids in the blood and that a number of probiotic strains have been shown to affect adipogenesis in cell culture, this study was also performed to test the in vitro effects of PE and probiotic L. rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103 strain (LGG) on 3T3-L1 cell line. PE and probiotics substantially reduced the triglyceride content and intracellular lipid increase, compared to the control group. However, the combination treatment of PE and LGG filtered spent broth (SB) was the most effective in reducing triglyceride content and intracellular lipid accumulation. The mRNA expression levels of the main transcriptional factors implicated in adipocyte differentiation were substantially lower in 3T3-L1 cells treated with PE and LGG filtered SB. These results evidenced that a synergistic effect of probiotics and polyphenols contained in PE may affect in vitro adipogenesis and may contribute in development of new nutraceutical/probiotic-based remedies to prevent and to treat obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Sorrenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Lucia Randazzo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente - Di3A, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente - Di3A, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Ballistreri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Flora Valeria Romeo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Simona Fabroni
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Nicolina Timpanaro
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA) - Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, Italy
| | - Marco Raffaele
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Sezione di Biochimica, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Indazoles: Synthesis and Bond-Forming Heterocyclization. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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9
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Krishna Prasad PM, Sundararajan R. Design and synthesis of novel 2-(5-(4-aryl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1-(substituted aminomethyl)-1H-benzimidazole as potent anticonvulsants. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2010-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Özel Güven Ö, Türk G, Adler PDF, Coles SJ, Hökelek T. Crystal structure of 2-[2-(2,5-di-chloro-benz-yloxy)-2-(furan-2-yl)eth-yl]-2 H-indazole. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2016; 72:1377-1379. [PMID: 27746922 PMCID: PMC5050757 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989016013827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C20H16Cl2N2O2, the indazole ring system is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.033 (1) Å], its mean plane is oriented at dihedral angles of 25.04 (4) and 5.10 (4)° to the furan and benzene rings, respectively. In the crystal, pairs of C-Hind⋯Obo (ind = indazole and bo = benz-yloxy) hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into centrosymmetric dimers with graph-set motif R22(12). Weak C-H⋯π inter-actions is also observed. Aromatic π-π stacking between the benzene and the pyrazole rings from neighbouring mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.8894 (7) Å] further consolidates the crystal packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özden Özel Güven
- Department of Chemistry, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Türk
- Department of Chemistry, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100 Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Philip D. F. Adler
- Department of Chemistry, Southampton University, SO17 1BJ Southampton, England
| | - Simon J. Coles
- Department of Chemistry, Southampton University, SO17 1BJ Southampton, England
| | - Tuncer Hökelek
- Department of Physics, Hacettepe University, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Camacho ME, Chayah M, García ME, Fernández-Sáez N, Arias F, Gallo MA, Carrión MD. Quinazolinones, Quinazolinthiones, and Quinazolinimines as Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors: Synthetic Study and Biological Evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:638-50. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Encarnación Camacho
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Mariem Chayah
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. Esther García
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Nerea Fernández-Sáez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Fabio Arias
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - Miguel A. Gallo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
| | - M. Dora Carrión
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Química Farmacéutica y Orgánica; Universidad de Granada; Granada Spain
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Mistry B, Keum YS, Kim DH. Synthesis, antioxidant and anticancer screenings of berberine–indole conjugates. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-015-2208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Carletta A, Tilborg A, Moineaux L, de Ruyck J, Basile L, Salerno L, Romeo G, Wouters J, Guccione S. How does binding of imidazole-based inhibitors to heme oxygenase-1 influence their conformation? Insights combining crystal structures and molecular modelling. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520615010410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibition is associated with antitumor activity. Imidazole-based analogues show effective and selective inhibitory potency of HO-1. In this work, five single-crystal structures of four imidazole-based compounds are presented, with an in-depth structural analysis. In order to study the influence of the conformation of the ligands on binding to protein, conformational data from crystallography are compared with quantum mechanics analysis and molecular docking studies. Molecular docking of imidazole-based analogues in the active site of HO-1 is in good agreement with the experimental structures. Inhibitors interact with the heme cofactor and a hydrophobic pocket (Met34, Phe37, Val50, Leu147 and Phe214) in the HO-1 binding site. An alternate binding mode can be hypothesized for some inhibitors in the series.
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Salerno L, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Modica MN, Marrazzo A, Siracusa MA, Sorrenti V, Di Giacomo C, Vanella L, Parayath NN, Greish K. Novel imidazole derivatives as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) inhibitors and their cytotoxic activity in human-derived cancer cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:162-72. [PMID: 25874340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is a cytoprotective enzyme that can be overexpressed in some pathological conditions, including certain cancers. In this work, novel imidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as inhibitors of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2). In these compounds the imidazole ring, crucial for the activity, is connected to a hydrophobic group, represented by aryloxy, benzothiazole, or benzoxazole moieties, by means of alkyl or thioalkyl chains of different length. Many of the tested compounds were potent and/or selective against one of the two isoforms of HO. Furthermore, most of the pentyl derivatives showed to be better inhibitors of HO-2 with respect to HO-1, revealing a critical role of the alkyl chain in discriminating between the two isoenzymes. Compounds which showed the better profile of HO inhibition were selected and tested to evaluate their cytotoxic properties in prostate and breast cancer cell lines (DU-145, PC3, LnCap, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7). In these assays, aryloxyalkyl derivatives resulted more cytotoxic than benzothiazolethioalkyl ones; in particular compound 31 was active against all the cell lines tested, confirming the anti-proliferative properties of HO inhibitors and their potential use in the treatment of specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N Modica
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria A Siracusa
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Luca Vanella
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Neha N Parayath
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Egypt
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Pusch S, Opatz T. A Photochemical One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazoles. Org Lett 2014; 16:5430-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol502667h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Pusch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Till Opatz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Barakat A, Al-Majid AM, Al-Najjar HJ, Mabkhot YN, Javaid S, Yousuf S, Choudhary MI. Zwitterionic pyrimidinium adducts as antioxidants with therapeutic potential as nitric oxide scavenger. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Kouakou A, Rakib EM, Abbassi N, Saadi M, El Ammari L. Ethyl 3-[7-(N-acetyl-4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonamido)-3-chloro-2H-indazol-2-yl]propionate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2014; 70:o307-8. [PMID: 24765009 PMCID: PMC3998507 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536814003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound, C21H22ClN3O6S, the fused five- and six-membered ring rings are almost perpendicular to the planes through the atoms forming the acetyl and the propionic ester groups, as indicated by the dihedral angles of 80.3 (2) and 88.3 (7)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the indazole system and the 4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonyl group is 13.76 (6)°. The carbonyl O atom is split over two positions in a 0.60 (5):0.40 (5) ratio. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯N inter-actions into a three-dimensional network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assoman Kouakou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Béni-Mellal, BP 523, Morocco
| | - El Mostapha Rakib
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Béni-Mellal, BP 523, Morocco
| | - Najat Abbassi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université Sultan Moulay Slimane, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Béni-Mellal, BP 523, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Saadi
- Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Lahcen El Ammari
- Laboratoire de Chimie du Solide Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohammed V-Agdal, Avenue Ibn Battouta, BP. 1014, Rabat, Morocco
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Salerno L, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Sorrenti V, Acquaviva R. Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of microwave-assisted Solanum melongena extracts. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:719486. [PMID: 24683354 PMCID: PMC3934095 DOI: 10.1155/2014/719486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggplant fruit is a very rich source of polyphenol compounds endowed with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to extract polyphenols from eggplant entire fruit, pulp, or skin, both fresh and dry, and compare results between conventional extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The effects of time exposure (15, 30, 60, and 90 min) and solvent (water 100% or ethanol/water 50%) were also evaluated. The highest amount of polyphenols was found in the extract obtained from dry peeled skin treated with 50% aqueous ethanol, irradiated with microwave; this extract contained also high quantity of flavonoids and showed good antioxidant activity expressed by its capacity to scavenge superoxide anion and to inhibit lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria N. Modica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Pittalà
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Romeo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria A. Siracusa
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Claudia Di Giacomo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Valeria Sorrenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Rosaria Acquaviva
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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Chemopreventive and antioxidant activity of 6-substituted imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:412-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kethe A, Naredla RR, Klumpp DA. Superacid-Promoted Cyclodehydration Leading to the Imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline Ring System. Helv Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201200590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Salerno L, Pittalà V, Romeo G, Modica MN, Siracusa MA, Di Giacomo C, Acquaviva R, Barbagallo I, Tibullo D, Sorrenti V. Evaluation of novel aryloxyalkyl derivatives of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibitors and their antitumor properties. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5145-53. [PMID: 23867390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of aryloxyalkyl derivatives of imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole, 17-31, was designed and synthesized as inhibitors of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2). Some of these compounds were found to be good inhibitors of HO-1, in particular those carrying an imidazole moiety as azolyl group and a 3-bromo or 4-iodophenyl as aryl moiety. The most potent compounds 6 and 30 were selected and studied for their antitumor properties in a model of LAMA-84 R cell line overexpressing HO-1 and resistant to imatinib mesylate (IM), a tyrosine-kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of multiple types of cancer, most notably Philadelphia Chromosome positive (Ph(+)) Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). Results show that both 6 and 30 sensitized LAMA-84 R cell line to antitumor properties of IM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Salerno
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy.
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Zhang L, Peng XM, Damu GLV, Geng RX, Zhou CH. Comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry. Med Res Rev 2013; 34:340-437. [PMID: 23740514 DOI: 10.1002/med.21290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Laboratory of Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
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Liu HJ, Hung SF, Chen CL, Lin MH. A method for the regioselective synthesis of 1-alkyl-1H-indazoles. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sorrenti V, Guccione S, Di Giacomo C, Modica MN, Pittalà V, Acquaviva R, Basile L, Pappalardo M, Salerno L. Evaluation of Imidazole-Based Compounds as Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 80:876-86. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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