1
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Kim KH. Outliers in SAR and QSAR: 4. effects of allosteric protein-ligand interactions on the classical quantitative structure-activity relationships. Mol Divers 2022; 26:3057-3092. [PMID: 35192113 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10365-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Effects of allosteric interactions on the classical structure-activity relationship (SAR) and quantitative SAR (QSAR) have been investigated. Apprehending the outliers in SAR and QSAR studies can improve the quality, predictability, and use of QSAR in designing unknown compounds in drug discovery research. We explored allosteric protein-ligand interactions as a possible source of outliers in SAR/QSAR. We used glycogen phosphorylase as an example of a protein that has an allosteric site. Examination of the ligand-bound x-ray crystal structures of glycogen phosphorylase revealed that many inhibitors bound at more than one binding site. The results of QSAR analyses of the inhibitors included a QSAR that recognized an outlier bound at a distinctive allosteric binding site. The case provided an example of constructive use of QSAR identifying outliers with alternative binding modes. Other allosteric QSARs that captured our attention were the inverted parabola/bilinear QSARs. The x-ray crystal structures and the QSAR analyses indicated that the inverted parabola QSARs could be associated with the conformational changes in the allosteric interactions. Our results showed that the normal parabola, as well as the inverted parabola QSARs, can describe the allosteric interactions. Examination of the ligand-bound X-ray crystal structures of glycogen phosphorylase revealed that many inhibitors bound at more than one binding site. The results of QSAR analyses of the inhibitors included a QSAR that recognized an outlier bound at a distinctive allosteric binding site.
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2
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Kerru N, Singh-Pillay A, Awolade P, Singh P. Current anti-diabetic agents and their molecular targets: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 152:436-488. [PMID: 29751237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a medical condition characterized by the body's loss of control over blood sugar. The frequency of diagnosed cases and consequential increases in medical costs makes it a rapidly growing chronic disease that threatens human health worldwide. In addition, its unnerving statistical projections are perilous to both the economy of the nation and man's life expectancy. Type-I and type-II diabetes are the two clinical forms of diabetes mellitus. Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is illustrated by the abnormality of glucose homeostasis in the body, resulting in hyperglycemia. Although significant research attention has been devoted to the development of diabetes regimens, which demonstrates success in lowering blood glucose levels, their efficacies are unsustainable due to undesirable side effects such as weight gain and hypoglycemia. Over the years, heterocyclic scaffolds have been the basis of anti-diabetic chemotherapies; hence, in this review we consolidate the use of bioactive scaffolds, which have been evaluated for their biological response as inhibitors against their respective anti-diabetic molecular targets over the past five years (2012-2017). Our investigation reveals a diverse target set which includes; protein tyrosine phosphatase 1 B (PTP1B), dipeptidly peptidase-4 (DPP-4), free fatty acid receptors 1 (FFAR1), G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2), α-glucosidase, aldose reductase, glycogen phosphorylase (GP), fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), glucagon receptor (GCGr) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). This review offers a medium on which future drug design and development toward diabetes management may be modelled (i.e. optimization via structural derivatization), as many of the drug candidates highlighted show promise as an effective anti-diabetic chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagaraju Kerru
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ashona Singh-Pillay
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
| | - Paul Awolade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa
| | - Parvesh Singh
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P/Bag X54001, Westville, Durban, South Africa.
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3
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Probing the β-pocket of the active site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase with 3-(C-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-5-(4-substituted-phenyl)-1, 2, 4-triazole inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:485-493. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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4
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A multidisciplinary study of 3-(β- d -glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: Computation, synthesis, crystallography and kinetics reveal new potent inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:266-278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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5
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Szennyes E, Bokor É, Langer P, Gyémánt G, Docsa T, Sipos Á, Somsák L. The first general synthesis of 2-C-(β-d-glycopyranosyl)pyrimidines and their evaluation as inhibitors of some glycoenzymes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj04035d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The first systematic study on the synthesis of 2-C-(β-d-glycopyranosyl)pyrimidines either from amidine A or glycosyl cyanides B and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Szennyes
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Éva Bokor
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Peter Langer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Rostock
- Albert-Einstein-Str. 3a
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | - Gyöngyi Gyémánt
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Tibor Docsa
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine
- University of Debrecen
- Egyetem tér 1
- H-4032 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Ádám Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine
- University of Debrecen
- Egyetem tér 1
- H-4032 Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - László Somsák
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Debrecen
- Hungary
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6
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van der Waals interactions govern C -β- d -glucopyranosyl triazoles’ nM inhibitory potency in human liver glycogen phosphorylase. J Struct Biol 2017; 199:57-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Parmenopoulou V, Manta S, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Schols D, Komiotis D. Synthesis of novel N-acyl- β-d-glucopyranosylamines and ureas as potential lead cytostatic agents. Med Chem Res 2016; 25:932-940. [PMID: 32214768 PMCID: PMC7079967 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-016-1539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Novel classes of acetylated and fully deprotected N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamines and ureas have been synthesized and biologically evaluated. Acylation of the per-O-acetylated β-d-glucopyranosylurea (5), easily prepared via its corresponding phosphinimine derivative, by zinc chloride catalyzed reaction of the corresponding acyl chlorides RCOCl (a-f) gave the protected N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylureas (6a-f), in acceptable-to-moderate yields. Subsequent deacetylation of analogues 6a-f under Zemplén conditions afforded the fully deprotected derivatives 7a,b,d,e,f, while the desired urea 7c was formed after treatment of 6c with dibutyltin oxide. All protected and unprotected compounds were examined for their cytotoxic activity in different L1210, CEM and HeLa tumor cell lines and were also evaluated against a broad panel of DΝΑ and RNA viruses. Derivative 7c exhibited cytostatic activity against the three evaluated tumor cell lines (IC50 9-24 μΜ) and might be the basis for the synthesis of structure-related derivatives with improved cytostatic potential. Only analogue 6f weakly but significantly inhibited the replication of parainfluenza-3 virus, Sindbis virus and Coxsackie virus B4 in cell cultures at concentrations of 45-58 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Stella Manta
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Athina Dimopoulou
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dominique Schols
- 2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- 1Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 26 Ploutonos Str., 41 221 Larissa, Greece
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8
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Dimopoulou A, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Gkizis P, Coutouli-Argyropoulou E, Schols D, Komiotis D. Synthesis of novel thiopurine pyranonucleosides: evaluation of their bioactivity. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2015; 34:289-308. [PMID: 25774721 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2014.992532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of novel thiopurine pyranonucleosides. Direct coupling of silylated 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine with the appropriate pyranoses 1a-e via Vorbrüggen nucleosidation, gave the N-9 linked mercaptopurine 2a-e and thioguanine 4a-e nucleosides, while their N-7 substituted congeners 10a-e and 7a-e, were obtained through condensation of the same acetates with 6-chloro and 2-amino-6-chloropurines, followed by subsequent thionation. Nucleosides 3a-e, 5a-e, 8a-e, and 11a-e were evaluated for their cytostatic activity in three different tumor cell proliferative assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dimopoulou
- a Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , University of Thessaly , Larissa , Greece
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9
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Meščić A, Harej A, Klobučar M, Glavač D, Cetina M, Pavelić SK, Raić-Malić S. Discovery of New Acid Ceramidase-Targeted Acyclic 5-Alkynyl and 5-Heteroaryl Uracil Nucleosides. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:1150-5. [PMID: 26617970 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel N-acyclic uracil analogs with linear, branched, aromatic, and cyclopropyl-alkynyl as well as heteroaryl moieties at C-5 were prepared using palladium catalyzed Sonogashira and Stille cross-coupling and evaluated against malignant tumor cell lines. C-5-Furan-2-yl uracil derivative 6 was shown to be more potent against MCF-7 than the reference drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), while C-5-alkynyl uracil derivatives 9c and 9e exhibited antibreast cancer activities comparable to 5-FU. Selected compounds induced cell death, partially due to apoptosis, of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Abrogation of acid ceramidase (ASAH1) expression of 9c and 9e indicated that these compounds could perturb ASAH1-mediated sphingolipid signaling. The selective activity of 9c and 9e against breast cancer cells via the ASAH1-mediated signaling, as a molecular target, might have a great advantage for potential future therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrijana Meščić
- University of Zagreb, Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Harej
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- University of Rijeka, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marko Klobučar
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- University of Rijeka, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Danijel Glavač
- University of Zagreb, Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mario Cetina
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Textile Technology,
Department of Applied Chemistry, Prilaz baruna Filipovića 28a, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Kraljević Pavelić
- University of Rijeka, Department of Biotechnology, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- University of Rijeka, Centre for high-throughput technologies, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Silvana Raić-Malić
- University of Zagreb, Department of Organic Chemistry,
Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Marulićev trg 20, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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Dimopoulou A, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Kollatos N, Christidou O, Triantakonstanti VV, Schols D, Komiotis D. An easy microwave-assisted synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic antitumor agents. Front Chem 2015; 3:21. [PMID: 25853123 PMCID: PMC4369668 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2015.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of C8-alkynyl adenine pyranonucleosides 4, 5, and 8-phenylethynyl-adenine (II), via Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction under microwave irradiation. Compounds 4e and II were less cytostatic than 5-fluorouracil (almost an order of magnitude) against murine leukemia (L1210) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cells, while the same compounds proved to be more active than 5-fluorouracil against human lymphocyte (CEM) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athina Dimopoulou
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Stella Manta
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Vanessa Parmenopoulou
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Ourania Christidou
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
| | - Virginia V Triantakonstanti
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dominique Schols
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitri Komiotis
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly Larissa, Greece
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11
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Pałasz A, Cież D. In search of uracil derivatives as bioactive agents. Uracils and fused uracils: Synthesis, biological activity and applications. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 97:582-611. [PMID: 25306174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This review article is an effort to summarize recent developments in researches providing uracil derivatives with promising biological potential. This article also aims to discuss potential future directions on the development of more potent and specific uracil analogues for various biological targets. Uracils are considered as privileged structures in drug discovery with a wide array of biological activities and synthetic accessibility. Antiviral and anti-tumour are the two most widely reported activities of uracil analogues however they also possess herbicidal, insecticidal and bactericidal activities. Their antiviral potential is based on the inhibition of key step in viral replication pathway resulting in potent activities against HIV, hepatitis B and C, the herpes viruses etc. Uracil derivatives such as 5-fluorouracil or 5-chlorouracil were the first pharmacological active derivatives to be generated. Poor selectivity limits its therapeutic application, resulting in high incidences of gastrointestinal tract or central nervous toxicity. Numerous modifications of uracil structure have been performed to tackle these problems resulting in the development of derivatives exhibiting better pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties including increased bioactivity, selectivity, metabolic stability, absorption and lower toxicity. Researches of new uracils and fused uracil derivatives as bioactive agents are related with modifications of substituents at N(1), N(3), C(5) and C(6) positions of pyrimidine ring. This review is an endeavour to highlight the progress in the chemistry and biological activity of the uracils, predominately after the year 2000. In particular are presented synthetic methods and biological study for such analogues as: 5-fluorouracil or 5-chlorouracil derivatives, tegafur analogues, arabinopyranonucleosides of uracil, glucopyranonucleosides of uracil, liposidomycins, caprazamycins or tunicamycins, tritylated uridine analogues, nitro or cyano derivatives of uracil, uracil-quinazolinone, uracil-indole or uracil-isatin-conjugates, pyrimidinophanes containing one or two uracil units and nitrogen atoms in bridging polymethylene chains etc. In this review is also discussed synthesis and biological activity of fused uracils having uracil ring annulated with other heterocyclic ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pałasz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3 St, 30-060 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Cież
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Ingardena 3 St, 30-060 Kraków, Poland
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12
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Schweiker SS, Loughlin WA, Lohning AS, Petersson MJ, Jenkins ID. Synthesis, screening and docking of small heterocycles as Glycogen Phosphorylase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 84:584-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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13
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Parmenopoulou V, Kantsadi AL, Tsirkone VG, Chatzileontiadou DS, Manta S, Zographos SE, Molfeta C, Archontis G, Agius L, Hayes JM, Leonidas DD, Komiotis D. Structure based inhibitor design targeting glycogen phosphorylase b. Virtual screening, synthesis, biochemical and biological assessment of novel N-acyl-β-d-glucopyranosylamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4810-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Biochemical and biological assessment of the inhibitory potency of extracts from vinification byproducts of Vitis vinifera extracts against glycogen phosphorylase. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 67:35-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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New synthesis of 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles, nanomolar inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 76:567-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Dimopoulou A, Manta S, Kiritsis C, Gkaragkouni DN, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Rapid microwave-enhanced synthesis of C5-alkynyl pyranonucleosides as novel cytotoxic antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:1330-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.12.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Kiritsis C, Manta S, Parmenopoulou V, Dimopoulou A, Kollatos N, Papasotiriou I, Balzarini J, Komiotis D. Stereocontrolled synthesis of 4′-C-cyano and 4′-C-cyano-4′-deoxy pyrimidine pyranonucleosides as potential chemotherapeutic agents. Carbohydr Res 2012; 364:8-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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