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Liang JW, Gao ZC, Yang LL, Zhang W, Chen MZ, Meng FH. Development of Acridone Derivatives: Targeting c-MYC Transcription in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Inhibitory Potential. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:11. [PMID: 38275631 PMCID: PMC10812579 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, especially the aggressive triple-negative subtype, poses a serious health threat to women. Unfortunately, effective targets are lacking, leading to a grim prognosis. Research highlights the crucial role of c-MYC overexpression in this form of cancer. Current inhibitors targeting c-MYC focus on stabilizing its G-quadruplex (G4) structure in the promoter region. They can inhibit the expression of c-MYC, which is highly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and then regulate the apoptosis of breast cancer cells induced by intracellular ROS. However, the clinical prospects for the application of such inhibitors are not promising. In this research, we designed and synthesized 29 acridone derivatives. These compounds were assessed for their impact on intracellular ROS levels and cell activity, followed by comprehensive QSAR analysis and molecular docking. Compound N8 stood out, significantly increasing ROS levels and demonstrating potent anti-tumor activity in the TNBC cell line, with excellent selectivity shown in the docking results. This study suggests that acridone derivatives could stabilize the c-MYC G4 structure. Among these compounds, the small molecule N8 shows promising effects and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wei Liang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (J.-W.L.); (Z.-C.G.); (L.-L.Y.); (W.Z.)
- School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570100, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (J.-W.L.); (Z.-C.G.); (L.-L.Y.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110044, China
| | - Lu-Lu Yang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (J.-W.L.); (Z.-C.G.); (L.-L.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (J.-W.L.); (Z.-C.G.); (L.-L.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Ming-Zhe Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (J.-W.L.); (Z.-C.G.); (L.-L.Y.); (W.Z.)
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China; (J.-W.L.); (Z.-C.G.); (L.-L.Y.); (W.Z.)
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A comprehensive review on acridone based derivatives as future anti-cancer agents and their structure activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114527. [PMID: 35717872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug resistance and severe side-effects has reduced the clinical efficacy of the existing anti-cancer drugs available in the market. Thus, there is always a constant need to develop newer anti-cancer drugs with minimal adverse effects. Researchers all over the world have been focusing on various alternative strategies to discover novel, potent, and target specific molecules for cancer therapy. In this direction, several heterocyclic compounds are being explored but amongst them one promising heterocycle is acridone which has attracted the attention of medicinal chemists and gained huge biological importance as acridones are found to act on different therapeutically proven molecular targets, overcome ABC transporters mediated drug resistance and DNA intercalation in cancer cells. Some of these acridone derivatives have reached clinical studies as these heterocycles have shown huge potential in cancer therapeutics and imaging. Here, the authors have attempted to compile and make some recommendations of acridone based derivatives concerning their cancer biological targets and in vitro-cytotoxicity based on drug design and novelty to increase their therapeutic potential. This review also provides some important insights on the design, receptor targeting and future directions for the development of acridones as possible clinically effective anti-cancer agents.
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Development of Phenothiazine Hybrids with Potential Medicinal Interest: A Review. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27010276. [PMID: 35011508 PMCID: PMC8746661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The molecular hybridization approach has been used to develop compounds with improved efficacy by combining two or more pharmacophores of bioactive scaffolds. In this context, hybridization of various relevant pharmacophores with phenothiazine derivatives has resulted in pertinent compounds with diverse biological activities, interacting with specific or multiple targets. In fact, the development of new drugs or drug candidates based on phenothiazine system has been a promising approach due to the diverse activities associated with this tricyclic system, traditionally present in compounds with antipsychotic, antihistaminic and antimuscarinic effects. Actually, the pharmacological actions of phenothiazine hybrids include promising antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, analgesic and multi-drug resistance reversal properties. The present review summarizes the progress in the development of phenothiazine hybrids and their biological activity.
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Rocchi D, Gómez-Carpintero J, González JF, Menéndez JC. Sustainable Access to Acridin-9-(10 H)ones with an Embedded m-Terphenyl Moiety Based on a Three-Component Reaction. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235565. [PMID: 33260917 PMCID: PMC7731126 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Ce(IV)-catalyzed three-component reaction between chalcones, anilines and β-ketoesters followed by a microwave-assisted thermal cyclization afforded 1,3-diaryl-1,2-dihydroacridin-9(10H)-ones. Their microwave irradiation in nitrobenzene, acting both as solvent and oxidant, afforded fully unsaturated 1,3-diarylacridin-9(10H)-ones, which combine acridin-9-(10H)one and m-terphenyl moieties. Overall, the route generates three C-C and one C-N bond and has the advantage of requiring a single chromatographic separation.
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Hong Y, Zhao Y, Yang L, Gao M, Li L, Man S, Wang Z, Guan Q, Bao K, Zuo D, Wu Y, Zhang W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,4-diaryl-1,2,5-oxadiazole-2/5-oxides as highly potent inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:287-296. [PMID: 31195170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships for rigid analogues of combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) were investigated, leading to the discovery of a series of 3,4-diaryl-1,2,5-oxadiazole-N-oxides. Among them, 7n' and 7n'' showed remarkable antiproliferative activities against three cancer cell lines in nanomolar concentrations. Interestingly, 7n' inhibited tubulin polymerization much more efficiently than CA-4. Cellular mechanism investigation elucidated 7n' disrupted the cellular microtubule structure, arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and induces apoptosis. Molecular modeling study revealed 1,2,5-oxadiazole-N-oxide ring could increase a hydrogen bond interaction with the binding site. These results provide impetus and further guidance for the development of new CA-4 analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilang Hong
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yinglin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Minghuan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Long Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Shuai Man
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 1 Jianshedong Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Qi Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Kai Bao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Daiying Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yingliang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Weige Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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Antiproliferative Phenothiazine Hybrids as Novel Apoptosis Inducers against MCF-7 Breast Cancer. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061288. [PMID: 29843370 PMCID: PMC6100384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We designed a series of novel phenothiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids by the molecular hybridization strategy and evaluated their antiproliferative activity against three cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and MCF-7). For the structure-activity relationships, the importance of 1,2,3-triazole and substituents on phenyl ring was explored. Among these phenothiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids, compound 9f showed the most potent inhibitory effect against MCF-7 cells, with an IC50 value of 0.8 μM. Importantly, compound 9f could induce apoptosis against MCF-7 cells by regulating apoptosis-related proteins (Bcl-2, Bax, Bad, Parp, and DR5). These potent phenothiazine-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as novel apoptosis inducers might be used as antitumor agents in the future.
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Zhu L, Luo K, Li K, Jin Y, Lin J. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxamide derivatives as a new class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:5939-5951. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Sun B, Li L, Hu QW, Zheng HB, Tang H, Niu HM, Yuan HQ, Lou HX. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of novel macrocyclic bisbibenzyl analogues as antitubulin agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 129:186-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel macrocyclic bisbibenzyl analogues as tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:484-499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Wu CH, Bai LY, Tsai MH, Chu PC, Chiu CF, Chen MY, Chiu SJ, Chiang JH, Weng JR. Pharmacological exploitation of the phenothiazine antipsychotics to develop novel antitumor agents-A drug repurposing strategy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27540. [PMID: 27277973 PMCID: PMC4899727 DOI: 10.1038/srep27540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) have been used for the antipsychotic drugs for centuries. However, some of these PTZs have been reported to exhibit antitumor effects by targeting various signaling pathways in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this study was aimed at exploiting trifluoperazine, one of PTZs, to develop potent antitumor agents. This effort culminated in A4 [10-(3-(piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-10H-phenothiazine] which exhibited multi-fold higher apoptosis-inducing activity than the parent compound in oral cancer cells. Compared to trifluoperazine, A4 demonstrated similar regulation on the phosphorylation or expression of multiple molecular targets including Akt, p38, and ERK. In addition, A4 induced autophagy, as evidenced by increased expression of the autophagy biomarkers LC3B-II and Atg5, and autophagosomes formation. The antitumor activity of A4 also related to production of reactive oxygen species and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase. Importantly, the antitumor utility of A4 was extended in vivo as it, administrated at 10 and 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, suppressed the growth of Ca922 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, the ability of A4 to target diverse aspects of cancer cell growth suggests its value in oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsien Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yuan Bai
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsui Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Chu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Fang Chiu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,Cancer Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Michael Yuanchien Chen
- Department of Oral &Maxillofacial Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan.,School of Dentistry, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jiuan Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Hua Chiang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Ru Weng
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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Guan Q, Han C, Zuo D, Zhai M, Li Z, Zhang Q, Zhai Y, Jiang X, Bao K, Wu Y, Zhang W. Synthesis and evaluation of benzimidazole carbamates bearing indole moieties for antiproliferative and antitubulin activities. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:306-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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13
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Recent developments in tubulin polymerization inhibitors: An overview. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:89-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Chen TC, Wu CL, Lee CC, Chen CL, Yu DS, Huang HS. Structure-based hybridization, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tetracyclic heterocyclic azathioxanthone analogues as potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 103:615-27. [PMID: 25799376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of tetracyclic heterocyclic azathioxanthones were synthesized and evaluated for cell proliferations, topoisomerase inhibitions, and NCI-60 cell panel assay, respectively. Compounds 5, 7, 8, 16, and 19 were selected for topoisomerase assay after MTT assay. 7 not only showed cytotoxic effect (IC50 = 2.84 ± 0.64 μM) in PC-3 cells but also revealed topoisomerases inhibition with IC50 (10-25 μM) and increased apoptotic cleavage of PARP and caspase 3 activity. The overall of novel azathioxanthones with different cytostatic and cytotoxic activities should be further developed as new potential candidates for anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Chih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Liang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Shyong Yu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Uro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
| | - Hsu-Shan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; School of Pharmacy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan.
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Yin Y, Qiao F, Jiang LY, Wang SF, Sha S, Wu X, Lv PC, Zhu HL. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acrylylpiperazine derivatives as a new class of tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4285-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bourdon F, Lecoeur M, Lebègue N, Gressier B, Luyckx M, Odou P, Dine T, Goossens JF, Kambia N. Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Novel Benzopyridooxathiazepine Derivative as a Potential Anticancer Agent. Pharmacology 2014; 94:170-8. [DOI: 10.1159/000368084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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