1
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Vankadara S, Dawson MD, Fong JY, Oh QY, Ang QA, Liu B, Chang HY, Koh J, Koh X, Tan QW, Joy J, Chia CSB. A Warhead Substitution Study on the Coronavirus Main Protease Inhibitor Nirmatrelvir. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1345-1350. [PMID: 35971455 PMCID: PMC9331150 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
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The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently causing an unprecedented
global
health emergency since its emergence in December 2019. In December
2021, the FDA granted emergency use authorization to nirmatrelvir,
a SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor, for treating infected patients.
This peptidomimetic is designed with a nitrile warhead, which forms
a covalent bond to the viral protease. Herein, we investigate nirmatrelvir
analogs with different warheads and their inhibitory activities. In
addition, antiviral activities against human alphacoronavirus 229E
was also investigated along with a cell-based assay. We discovered
that the hydroxymethylketone and ketobenzothiazole warheads were equipotent
to the nitrile warhead, suggesting that these analogs can also be
used for treating coronavirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam Vankadara
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | | | - Jia Yi Fong
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Qin Yao Oh
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Qi An Ang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Boping Liu
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Hong Yun Chang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Judice Koh
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Xiaoying Koh
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Qian Wen Tan
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Joma Joy
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
| | - Cheng San Brian Chia
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos #08-01, 138670 Singapore
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2
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Yang Y, Hansen L. Regioisomer Formation with Agmatine Guanidino Group, Its Implications for Agmatine Peptide Cyclization, and Application of Bis-Boc-Agmatine. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Chemical Development, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Amager Strandvej 405, Kastrup 2770, Denmark
| | - Lena Hansen
- Chemical Development, Global Pharmaceutical R&D, Ferring Pharmaceuticals A/S, Amager Strandvej 405, Kastrup 2770, Denmark
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3
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Huber S, Braun NJ, Schmacke LC, Quek JP, Murra R, Bender D, Hildt E, Luo D, Heine A, Steinmetzer T. Structure-Based Optimization and Characterization of Macrocyclic Zika Virus NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6555-6572. [PMID: 35475620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a human pathogenic arbovirus. So far, neither a specific treatment nor a vaccination against ZIKV infections has been approved. Starting from our previously described lead structure, a series of 29 new macrocyclic inhibitors of the Zika virus protease containing different linker motifs have been synthesized. By selecting hydrophobic d-amino acids as part of the linker, numerous inhibitors with Ki values < 5 nM were obtained. For 12 inhibitors, crystal structures in complex with the ZIKV protease up to 1.30 Å resolution were determined, which contribute to the understanding of the observed structure-activity relationship (SAR). In immunofluorescence assays, an antiviral effect was observed for compound 26 containing a d-homocyclohexylalanine residue in its linker segment. Due to its excellent selectivity profile and low cytotoxicity, this inhibitor scaffold could be a suitable starting point for the development of peptidic drugs against the Zika virus and related flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Huber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Niklas J Braun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Luna C Schmacke
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jun Ping Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921
| | - Robin Murra
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Daniela Bender
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Eberhard Hildt
- Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Department of Virology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 51-59, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 03-07, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.,NTU Institute of Structural Biology, Nanyang Technological University, EMB 06-01, 59 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 636921.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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4
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Voss S, Nitsche C. Targeting the protease of West Nile virus. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:1262-1272. [PMID: 34458734 PMCID: PMC8372202 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus infections can cause severe neurological symptoms. During the last 25 years, cases have been reported in Asia, North America, Africa, Europe and Australia (Kunjin). No West Nile virus vaccines or specific antiviral therapies are available to date. Various viral proteins and host-cell factors have been evaluated as potential drug targets. The viral protease NS2B-NS3 is among the most promising viral targets. It releases viral proteins from a non-functional polyprotein precursor, making it a critical factor of viral replication. Despite strong efforts, no protease inhibitors have reached clinical trials yet. Substrate-derived peptidomimetics have facilitated structural elucidations of the active protease state, while alternative compounds with increased drug-likeness have recently expanded drug discovery efforts beyond the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saan Voss
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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5
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Braun NJ, Quek JP, Huber S, Kouretova J, Rogge D, Lang‐Henkel H, Cheong EZK, Chew BLA, Heine A, Luo D, Steinmetzer T. Structure-Based Macrocyclization of Substrate Analogue NS2B-NS3 Protease Inhibitors of Zika, West Nile and Dengue viruses. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1439-1452. [PMID: 32501637 PMCID: PMC7497253 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A series of cyclic active-site-directed inhibitors of the NS2B-NS3 proteases from Zika (ZIKV), West Nile (WNV), and dengue-4 (DENV4) viruses has been designed. The most potent compounds contain a reversely incorporated d-lysine residue in the P1 position. Its side chain is connected to the P2 backbone, its α-amino group is converted into a guanidine to interact with the conserved Asp129 side chain in the S1 pocket, and its C terminus is connected to the P3 residue via different linker segments. The most potent compounds inhibit the ZIKV protease with Ki values <5 nM. Crystal structures of seven ZIKV protease inhibitor complexes were determined to support the inhibitor design. All the cyclic compounds possess high selectivity against trypsin-like serine proteases and furin-like proprotein convertases. Both WNV and DENV4 proteases are inhibited less efficiently. Nonetheless, similar structure-activity relationships were observed for these enzymes, thus suggesting their potential application as pan-flaviviral protease inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas J. Braun
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Jun P. Quek
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University, EMB 03–0759 Nanyang DriveSingapore636921Singapore
- Institute of Structural BiologyNanyang Technological University EMB 06–0159 Nanyang DriveSingapore636921Singapore
| | - Simon Huber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Jenny Kouretova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Dorothee Rogge
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Heike Lang‐Henkel
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Ezekiel Z. K. Cheong
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Dr.Singapore637551Singapore
| | - Bing L. A. Chew
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University, EMB 03–0759 Nanyang DriveSingapore636921Singapore
- Institute of Structural BiologyNanyang Technological University EMB 06–0159 Nanyang DriveSingapore636921Singapore
- Institute of Health TechnologiesInterdisciplinary Graduate ProgrammeNanyang Technological University61 Nanyang Dr.Singapore637335Singapore
| | - Andreas Heine
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
| | - Dahai Luo
- Lee Kong Chian School of MedicineNanyang Technological University, EMB 03–0759 Nanyang DriveSingapore636921Singapore
- Institute of Structural BiologyNanyang Technological University EMB 06–0159 Nanyang DriveSingapore636921Singapore
- School of Biological SciencesNanyang Technological University60 Nanyang Dr.Singapore637551Singapore
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPhilipps UniversityMarbacher Weg 635032MarburgGermany
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6
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Pach S, Sarter TM, Yousef R, Schaller D, Bergemann S, Arkona C, Rademann J, Nitsche C, Wolber G. Catching a Moving Target: Comparative Modeling of Flaviviral NS2B-NS3 Reveals Small Molecule Zika Protease Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:514-520. [PMID: 32292558 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of viral proteases in virus replication has already been successfully exploited in several antiviral drug design campaigns. However, no efficient antivirals are currently available against flaviviral infections. In this study, we present lead-like small molecule inhibitors of the Zika Virus (ZIKV) NS2B-NS3 protease. Since only few nonpeptide competitive ligands are known, we take advantage of the high structural similarity with the West Nile Virus (WNV) NS2B-NS3 protease. A comparative modeling approach involving our in-house software PyRod was employed to systematically analyze the binding sites and develop molecular dynamics-based 3D pharmacophores for virtual screening. The identified compounds were biochemically characterized revealing low micromolar affinity for both ZIKV and WNV proteases. Their lead-like properties together with rationalized binding modes represent valuable starting points for future lead optimization. Since the NS2B-NS3 protease is highly conserved among flaviviruses, these compounds may also drive the development of pan-flaviviral antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Pach
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Tim M. Sarter
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rafe Yousef
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - David Schaller
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Silke Bergemann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph Arkona
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Christoph Nitsche
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Gerhard Wolber
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 2+4, Berlin 14195, Germany
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7
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Peptide derivatives as inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 protease from Dengue, West Nile, and Zika flaviviruses. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3963-3978. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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8
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Martinez AA, Espinosa BA, Adamek RN, Thomas BA, Chau J, Gonzalez E, Keppetipola N, Salzameda NT. Breathing new life into West Nile virus therapeutics; discovery and study of zafirlukast as an NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1202-1213. [PMID: 30193218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The West Nile virus (WNV) has spread throughout the world causing neuroinvasive diseases with no treatments available. The viral NS2B-NS3 protease is essential for WNV survival and replication in host cells and is a promising drug target. Through an enzymatic screen of the National Institute of Health clinical compound library, we report the discovery of zafirlukast, an FDA approved treatment for asthma, as an inhibitor for the WNV NS2B-NS3 protease. Zafirlukast was determined to inhibit the protease through a mixed mode mechanism with an IC50 value of 32 μM. A structure activity relationship study of zafirlukast revealed the cyclopentyl carbamate and N-aryl sulfonamide as structural elements crucial for NS2B-NS3 protease inhibition. Replacing the cyclopentyl with a phenyl improved inhibition, resulting in an IC50 of 22 μM. Experimental and computational docking analysis support the inhibition model of zafirlukast and analogs binding at an allosteric site on the NS3 protein, thereby disrupting the NS2B cofactor from binding, resulting in protease inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia A Martinez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Bianca A Espinosa
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Rebecca N Adamek
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Brent A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Jennifer Chau
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Edwardo Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Niroshika Keppetipola
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA
| | - Nicholas T Salzameda
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92831, USA.
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9
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Abstract
The persistence of West Nile virus (WNV) infections throughout the USA since its inception in 1999 and its continuous spread throughout the globe calls for an urgent need of effective treatments and prevention measures. Although the licensing of several WNV vaccines for veterinary use provides a proof of concept, similar efforts on the development of an effective vaccine for humans remain still unsuccessful. Increased understanding of biology and pathogenesis of WNV together with recent technological advancements have raised hope that an effective WNV vaccine may be available in the near future. In addition, rapid progress in the structural and functional characterization of WNV and other flaviviral proteins have provided a solid base for the design and development of several classes of inhibitors as potential WNV therapeutics. Moreover, the therapeutic monoclonal antibodies demonstrate an excellent efficacy against WNV in animal models and represent a promising class of WNV therapeutics. However, there are some challenges as to the design and development of a safe and efficient WNV vaccine or therapeutic. In this chapter, we discuss the current approaches, progress, and challenges toward the development of WNV vaccines, therapeutic antibodies, and antiviral drugs.
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10
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Skogh A, Friis SD, Skrydstrup T, Sandström A. Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarbonylation in Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis: A Method for Capping, Cyclization, and Isotope Labeling. Org Lett 2017; 19:2873-2876. [PMID: 28498670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach for introducing N-capping groups onto peptides attached to a solid support, combining aminocarbonylation under mild conditions using a palladacycle precatalyst and solid-phase peptide synthesis, is reported. The use of a silacarboxylic acid as an in situ CO-releasing molecule allowed the reaction to be performed in a single vial. The method also enables versatile substitution of side chains, side-chain-to-side-chain cyclizations, and selective [13C] acyl labeling of modified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Skogh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stig D Friis
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University , Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anja Sandström
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry, BMC, Uppsala University , Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Kouretova J, Hammamy MZ, Epp A, Hardes K, Kallis S, Zhang L, Hilgenfeld R, Bartenschlager R, Steinmetzer T. Effects of NS2B-NS3 protease and furin inhibition on West Nile and Dengue virus replication. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:712-721. [PMID: 28385094 PMCID: PMC6445162 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1306521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) replication depends on the viral NS2B-NS3 protease and the host enzyme furin, which emerged as potential drug targets. Modification of our previously described WNV protease inhibitors by basic phenylalanine analogs provided compounds with reduced potency against the WNV and DENV protease. In a second series, their decarboxylated P1-trans-(4-guanidino)cyclohexylamide was replaced by an arginyl-amide moiety. Compound 4-(guanidinomethyl)-phenylacetyl-Lys-Lys-Arg-NH2 inhibits the NS2B-NS3 protease of WNV with an inhibition constant of 0.11 µM. Due to the similarity in substrate specificity, we have also tested the potency of our previously described multibasic furin inhibitors. Their further modification provided chimeric inhibitors with additional potency against the WNV and DENV proteases. A strong inhibition of WNV and DENV replication in cell culture was observed for the specific furin inhibitors, which reduced virus titers up to 10,000-fold. These studies reveal that potent inhibitors of furin can block the replication of DENV and WNV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Kouretova
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany.,b German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
| | - M Zouhir Hammamy
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Anton Epp
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Kornelia Hardes
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany
| | - Stephanie Kallis
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Linlin Zhang
- d Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany.,e German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- d Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany.,e German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Lübeck , Lübeck , Germany
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- c Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany.,f German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , Heidelberg University , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- a Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Philipps University , Marburg , Germany.,b German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) , University of Marburg , Marburg , Germany
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12
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Huang RZ, Zhang B, Huang XC, Liang GB, Qin JM, Pan YM, Liao ZX, Wang HS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of terminal functionalized thiourea-containing dipeptides as antitumor agents. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25590f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal functionalized dipeptide derivatives containing the thiourea moiety were synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity. Representative compoundI-11induced apoptosis by the ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum pathway in NCI-H460 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Zhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Xiao-Chao Huang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Gui-Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Jian-Mei Qin
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Ying-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
| | - Zhi-Xin Liao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing 211189
- China
| | - Heng-Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China)
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- PR China
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13
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Vernekar SKV, Qiu L, Zhang J, Kankanala J, Li H, Geraghty RJ, Wang Z. 5'-Silylated 3'-1,2,3-triazolyl Thymidine Analogues as Inhibitors of West Nile Virus and Dengue Virus. J Med Chem 2015; 58:4016-28. [PMID: 25909386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are important human pathogens for which there are presently no vaccine or specific antivirals. We report herein a 5'-silylated nucleoside scaffold derived from 3'-azidothymidine (AZT) consistently and selectively inhibiting WNV and DENV at low micromolar concentrations. Further synthesis of various triazole bioisosteres demonstrated clear structure-activity relationships (SARs) in which the antiviral activity against WNV and DENV hinges largely on both the 5'-silyl group and the substituent of 3'-triazole or its bioisosteres. Particularly interesting is the 5' silyl group which turns on the antiviral activity against WNV and DENV while abrogating the previously reported antiviral potency against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). The antiviral activity was confirmed through a plaque assay where viral titer reduction was observed in the presence of selected compounds. Molecular modeling and competitive S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) binding assay suggest that these compounds likely confer antiviral activity via binding to methyltransferase (MTase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar V Vernekar
- †Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Li Qiu
- †Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- ‡Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Jayakanth Kankanala
- †Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hongmin Li
- ‡Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, 120 New Scotland Ave., Albany, New York 12208, United States.,§Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, New York 12201, United States
| | - Robert J Geraghty
- †Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhengqiang Wang
- †Center for Drug Design, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Bhakat S, Karubiu W, Jayaprakash V, Soliman ME. A perspective on targeting non-structural proteins to combat neglected tropical diseases: Dengue, West Nile and Chikungunya viruses. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 87:677-702. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Elseginy SA, Massarotti A, Nawwar GAM, Amin KM, Brancale A. Small Molecule Inhibitors of West Nile Virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 23:179-87. [DOI: 10.3851/imp2581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a human pathogen which is rapidly expanding worldwide. It is a member of the Flavivirus genus and it is transmitted by mosquitos between its avian hosts and occasionally in mammalian hosts. In humans the infection is often asymptomatic, however, the most severe cases result in encephalitis or meningitis. Approximately 10% of cases of neuroinvasive disease are fatal. To date there is no effective human vaccine or effective antiviral therapy available to treat WNV infections. For this reason, research in this field is rapidly growing. In this article we will review the latest efforts in the design and development of novel WNV inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry point of view, highlighting challenges and opportunities for the researchers working in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Elseginy
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alberto Massarotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale ‘A Avogadro’, Novara, Italy
| | - Galal AM Nawwar
- Department of Chemical Industries, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Kamilia M Amin
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Recent Advances in Targeting Dengue and West Nile Virus Proteases Using Small Molecule Inhibitors. TOPICS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/7355_2014_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Lim SP, Shi PY. West Nile virus drug discovery. Viruses 2013; 5:2977-3006. [PMID: 24300672 PMCID: PMC3967157 DOI: 10.3390/v5122977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of West Nile virus (WNV) in 1999 in the USA, and its continued spread throughout the Americas, parts of Europe, the Middle East and Africa, underscored the need for WNV antiviral development. Here, we review the current status of WNV drug discovery. A number of approaches have been used to search for inhibitors of WNV, including viral infection-based screening, enzyme-based screening, structure-based virtual screening, structure-based rationale design, and antibody-based therapy. These efforts have yielded inhibitors of viral or cellular factors that are critical for viral replication. For small molecule inhibitors, no promising preclinical candidate has been developed; most of the inhibitors could not even be advanced to the stage of hit-to-lead optimization due to their poor drug-like properties. However, several inhibitors developed for related members of the family Flaviviridae, such as dengue virus and hepatitis C virus, exhibited cross-inhibition of WNV, suggesting the possibility to re-purpose these antivirals for WNV treatment. Most promisingly, therapeutic antibodies have shown excellent efficacy in mouse model; one of such antibodies has been advanced into clinical trial. The knowledge accumulated during the past fifteen years has provided better rationale for the ongoing WNV and other flavivirus antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siew Pheng Lim
- Novartis Institute for Tropical Diseases, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos 05-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore.
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Substrate-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of the Murray Valley encephalitis virus NS2B/NS3 serine protease: A P1–P4 SAR study. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 68:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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