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Long L, Zhang H, Zhou Z, Duan L, Fan D, Wang R, Xu S, Qiao D, Zhu W. Pyrrole-containing hybrids as potential anticancer agents: An insight into current developments and structure-activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116470. [PMID: 38762915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant threat to human health. Therefore, it is urgent to develop potent anti-cancer drugs with excellent inhibitory activity and no toxic side effects. Pyrrole and its derivatives are privileged heterocyclic compounds with significant diverse pharmacological effects. These compounds can target various aspects of cancer cells and have been applied in clinical settings or are undergoing clinical trials. As a result, pyrrole has emerged as a promising drug scaffold and has been further probed to get novel entities for the treatment of cancer. This article reviews recent research progress on anti-cancer drugs containing pyrrole. It focuses on the mechanism of action, biological activity, and structure-activity relationships of pyrrole derivatives, aiming to assist in designing and synthesizing innovative pyrrole-based anti-cancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Long
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - ZhiHui Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Lei Duan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Dang Fan
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China
| | - Shan Xu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
| | - Dan Qiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
| | - Wufu Zhu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, 605 Fenglin Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330013, China.
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Ricci A, Carradori S, Cataldi A, Zara S. Eg5 and Diseases: From the Well-Known Role in Cancer to the Less-Known Activity in Noncancerous Pathological Conditions. Biochem Res Int 2024; 2024:3649912. [PMID: 38939361 PMCID: PMC11211015 DOI: 10.1155/2024/3649912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is a protein encoded by KIF11 gene and is primarily involved in correct mitotic cell division. It is also involved in nonmitotic processes such as polypeptide synthesis, protein transport, and angiogenesis. The scientific literature sheds light on the ubiquitous functions of KIF11 and its involvement in the onset and progression of different pathologies. This review focuses attention on two main points: (1) the correlation between Eg5 and cancer and (2) the involvement of Eg5 in noncancerous conditions. Regarding the first point, several tumors revealed an overexpression of this kinesin, thus pushing to look for new Eg5 inhibitors for clinical practice. In addition, the evaluation of Eg5 expression represents a crucial step, as its overexpression could predict a poor prognosis for cancer patients. Referring to the second point, in specific pathological conditions, the reduced activity of Eg5 can be one of the causes of pathological onset. This is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD), in which Aβ and Tau work as Eg5 inhibitors, or in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in which Tat-mediated Eg5 determines the loss of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Reduced Eg5 activity, due to mutations of KIF11 gene, is also responsible for pathological conditions such as microcephaly with or without chorioretinopathy, lymphedema, or intellectual disability (MCLRI) and familial exudative vitreous retinopathy (FEVR). In conclusion, this review highlights the double impact that overexpression or loss of function of Eg5 could have in the onset and progression of different pathological situations. This emphasizes, on one hand, a possible role of Eg5 as a potential biomarker and new target in cancer and, on the other hand, the promotion of Eg5 expression/activity as a new therapeutic strategy in different noncancerous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Ricci
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Susi Zara
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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Elseginy SA. Identifying and characterising promising small molecule inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein using ligand-based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and MM‑GBSA calculations. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2024; 38:16. [PMID: 38556596 PMCID: PMC10982093 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-024-00553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The kinesin spindle protein (Eg5) is a mitotic protein that plays an essential role in the formation of the bipolar spindles during the mitotic phase. Eg5 protein controls the segregation of the chromosomes in mitosis which renders it a vital target for cancer treatment. In this study our approach to identifying novel scaffold for Eg5 inhibitors is based on targeting the novel allosteric pocket (α4/α6/L11). Extensive computational techniques were applied using ligand-based virtual screening and molecular docking by two approaches, MOE and AutoDock, to screen a library of commercial compounds. We identified compound 8-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-ylpropylamino)-3-methyl-7-((naphthalen-3-yl)methyl)-1H-purine-2, 6 (3H,7H)-dione (compound 5) as a novel scaffold for Eg5 inhibitors. This compound inhibited cancer cell Eg5 ATPase at 2.37 ± 0.15 µM. The molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the identified compound formed stable interactions in the allosteric pocket (α4/α6/L11) of the receptor, indicating its potential as a novel Eg5 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia A Elseginy
- Chemical Industries Research Division, Green Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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Gao W, Lu J, Yang Z, Li E, Cao Y, Xie L. Mitotic Functions and Characters of KIF11 in Cancers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:386. [PMID: 38672404 PMCID: PMC11047945 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitosis mediates the accurate separation of daughter cells, and abnormalities are closely related to cancer progression. KIF11, a member of the kinesin family, plays a vital role in the formation and maintenance of the mitotic spindle. Recently, an increasing quantity of data have demonstrated the upregulated expression of KIF11 in various cancers, promoting the emergence and progression of cancers. This suggests the great potential of KIF11 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. However, the molecular mechanisms of KIF11 in cancers have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, we first discuss the functions of the protein encoded by KIF11 during mitosis and connect the abnormal expression of KIF11 with its clinical significance. Then, we elucidate the mechanism of KIF11 to promote various hallmarks of cancers. Finally, we provide an overview of KIF11 inhibitors and outline areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yufei Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China; (W.G.); (J.L.); (Z.Y.); (E.L.)
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Kim HS, Noh YK, Min KW, Kim DH, Kwon MJ, Pyo JS, Lee JY. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Together with a Decline in CD8+ T Cells Predict a Worse Prognosis for Breast Cancer Patients. Ann Surg Oncol 2024; 31:2114-2126. [PMID: 38093168 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-023-14715-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a crucial role in tumor microenvironment regulation and cancer progression. This study assessed the significance and predictive potential of CAFs in breast cancer prognosis. METHODS The study included 1503 breast cancer patients. Cancer-associated fibroblasts were identified using morphologic features from hematoxylin and eosin slides. The study analyzed clinicopathologic parameters, survival rates, immune cells, gene sets, and prognostic models using gene-set enrichment analysis, in silico cytometry, pathway analysis, in vitro drug-screening, and gradient-boosting machine (GBM)-learning. RESULTS The presence of CAFs correlated significantly with young age, lymphatic invasion, and perineural invasion. In silico cytometry showed altered leukocyte subsets in the presence of CAFs, with decreased CD8+ T cells. Gene-set enrichment analysis showed associations with critical processes such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and immune modulation. Drug sensitivity analysis in breast cancer cell lines with varying fibroblast activation protein-α expression suggested that CAF-targeted therapies might enhance the efficacy of certain anticancer drugs including ARRY-520, ispinesib-mesylate, paclitaxel, and docetaxel. Integrating CAF presence with machine-learning improved survival prediction. For breast cancer patients, CAFs were independent prognostic markers for worse disease-specific survival and disease-free survival. CONCLUSION This study highlighted the significance of CAFs in breast cancer biology and provided compelling evidence of their impact on patient outcomes and treatment response. The findings offer valuable insights into the potential of CAFs as prognostic and predictive biomarkers and support the development of CAF-targeted therapies to improve breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Suk Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung-Kyun Noh
- Department of Computer Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyueng-Whan Min
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Uijeongbu Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Uijeongbu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yeon Lee
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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6
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Hobson AD. Antibody drug conjugates beyond cytotoxic payloads. PROGRESS IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 62:1-59. [PMID: 37981349 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmch.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
For many years, antibody drug conjugates (ADC) have teased with the promise of targeted payload delivery to diseased cells, embracing the targeting of the antibody to which a cytotoxic payload is conjugated. During the past decade this promise has started to be realised with the approval of more than a dozen ADCs for the treatment of various cancers. Of these ADCs, brentuximab vedotin really laid the foundations of a template for a successful ADC with lysosomal payload release from a cleavable dipeptide linker, measured DAR by conjugation to the Cys-Cys interchain bonds of the antibody and a cytotoxic payload. Using this ADC design model oncology has now expanded their repertoire of payloads to include non-cytotoxic compounds. These new payload classes have their origins in prior medicinal chemistry programmes aiming to design selective oral small molecule drugs. While this may not have been achieved, the resulting compounds provide excellent starting points for ADC programmes with some compounds amenable to immediate linker attachment while for others extensive SAR and structural information offer invaluable design insights. Many of these new oncology payload classes are of interest to other therapeutic areas facilitating rapid access to drug-linkers for exploration as non-oncology ADCs. Other therapeutic areas have also pursued unique payload classes with glucocorticoid receptor modulators (GRM) being the most clinically advanced in immunology. Here, ADC payloads come full circle, as oncology is now investigating GRM payloads for the treatment of cancer. This chapter aims to cover all these new ADC approaches while describing the medicinal chemistry origins of the new non-cytotoxic payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Hobson
- Small Molecule Therapeutics & Platform Technologies, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, United States.
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Kowalczyk K, Błauż A, Moscoh Ayine-Tora D, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Ferrocene-Ispinesib Hybrids: Impact of a Ferrocenyl Group on the Antiproliferative and Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitory Activity. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300813. [PMID: 37332065 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to combine more than one biologically-active component in a single molecule, derivatives of ispinesib and its (S) analogue were prepared that featured ferrocenyl moieties or bulky organic substituents. Inspired by the strong kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitory activity of ispinesib, the compounds were investigated for their antiproliferative activity. Among these compounds, several derivatives demonstrated significantly higher antiproliferative activity than ispinesib with nanomolar IC50 values against cell lines. Further evaluation indicated that the antiproliferative activity is not directly correlated with their KSP inhibitory activity while docking suggested that several of the derivatives may bind in a manner similar to ispinesib. In order to investigate the mode of action further, cell cycle analysis and reactive oxygen species formation were investigated. The improved antiproliferative activity of the most active compounds may be assigned to synergic effects of various factors such as KSP inhibitory activity due to the ispinesib core and ability to generate ROS and induce mitotic arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalczyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz ul. Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | | | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy, Department of Organic Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz ul. Tamka 12, 91-403, Łódź, Poland
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Ranade SD, Alegaon SG, Venkatasubramanian U, Soundarya Priya A, Kavalapure RS, Chand J, Jalalpure SS, Vinod D. Design, synthesis, molecular dynamics simulation, MM/GBSA studies and kinesin spindle protein inhibitory evaluation of some 4-aminoquinoline hybrids. Comput Biol Chem 2023; 105:107881. [PMID: 37257398 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2023.107881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel chemotherapeutic agents is always challenging for researchers in industry and academia. Among the recent promising anticancer therapeutic targets, an important modulatory factor in mitosis is the expression of the kinesin family motor protein (Eg5). In terms of chemotherapy treatment, mitosis has gained significant attention due to its role as one of the biological processes that can be intervened in it. This study was undertaken to design, synthesise and evaluation of 4-aminoquinoline hybrid compounds as potential Eg5 inhibitors. Based on data collected from Malachite green and steady state ATPase assays, it has been determined that compounds such as 6c, 6d, 6g, and 6h are sensitive to Eg5 inhibition. In special mention, compounds 4 and 6c showed promising inhibitory activity in Malachite green assay with IC50 values of 2.32 ± 0.23 µM and 1.97 ± 0.23 µM respectively. Compound 4 showed favourable inhibitory potential Steady state ATPase Assay with IC50 value of 5.39 ± 1.39 µM. We performed molecular docking, MM/GBSA calculations, and molecular dynamic simulations to evaluate the interactions between ligands and the binding site of the kinesin spindle protein to evaluate the functional consequences of these interactions. As a result of these findings, it can be concluded that these 4-amioquinoline Schiff's base hybrids may prove to be promising candidates for development as novel inhibitors of Eg5. Further in-vivo research in this area is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriram D Ranade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar G Alegaon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India.
| | - U Venkatasubramanian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - A Soundarya Priya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613401, India
| | - Rohini S Kavalapure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Jagdish Chand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - D Vinod
- Computational Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Huang J, Sun X, Diao G, Li R, Guo J, Han J. KIF15 knockdown inhibits the development of endometrial cancer by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness through Wnt/β-catenin signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37186152 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers among women, while the incidence of EC is rising. Many studies have found that Kinesin family member 15 (KIF15) is highly expressed in a series of cancers, but the role of KIF15 in EC is unclear. We detected the expression level of KIF15 in a microarray of EC tissues by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and analyzed the correlation between the expression level of KIF15 and the pathological characteristics of patients. After inhibit the expression of KIF15 in EC cells with lentivirus, cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected respectively by CCK8 assay, flow cytometry and tunnel assay. Transwell assay and wound healing assay were used to examine the migration ability and invasion ability of EC cells. Spheroid formation assay was used to evaluate cell self-renewal ability. In vivo tumor xenograft model was used for validation. The expressions of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cells, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling molecules were detected by Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of KIF15 in EC tissues was higher than that in normal endometrial tissues, while the expression level of KIF15 in EC was positively correlated with the pathological grade of the tumor. The down-regulation of KIF15 reduced the proliferation, colony formation, invasion, migration and self-renewal ability of EC cells, while promoted cell apoptosis. Knockdown of KIF15 inactivates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling of EC cells, inhibitors of Wnt signaling can counteract the enhanced self-renewal ability caused by KIF15 overexpression. Therefore, KIF15 may be a new potential target for diagnosis and treatment of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Diao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Runbo Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Alahmadi G, Alshamrani AA, Albakri A. Novel variant of KIF11 associated with MCLMR syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:205-207. [PMID: 36004687 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2113540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghaida Alahmadi
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amani Albakri
- Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Division, King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Payload diversification: a key step in the development of antibody-drug conjugates. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36650546 PMCID: PMC9847035 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is a fast moving class of targeted biotherapeutics that currently combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of a payload consisting of cytotoxic agents. For many years microtubule targeting and DNA-intercalating agents were at the forefront of ADC development. The recent approval and clinical success of trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu®) and sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy®), two topoisomerase 1 inhibitor-based ADCs, has shown the potential of conjugating unconventional payloads with differentiated mechanisms of action. Among future developments in the ADC field, payload diversification is expected to play a key role as illustrated by a growing number of preclinical and clinical stage unconventional payload-conjugated ADCs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of validated, forgotten and newly developed payloads with different mechanisms of action.
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12
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Sun RF, He N, Zhang GY, Yu ZY, Li LS, Ma ZJ, Jiao ZY. Combined Inhibition of KIF11 and KIF15 as an Effective Therapeutic Strategy for Gastric Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2023; 23:293-306. [PMID: 35713129 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220616122846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required to improve clinical outcomes of gastric cancer (GC). KIF15 cooperates with KIF11 to promote bipolar spindle assembly and formation, which is essential for proper sister chromatid segregation. Therefore, we speculated that the combined inhibition of KIF11 and KIF15 might be an effective strategy for GC treatment. Hence, to test this hypothesis, we aimed to evaluate the combined therapeutic effect of KIF15 inhibitor KIF15- IN-1 and KIF11 inhibitor ispinesib in GC. METHODS We validated the expression of KIF11 and KIF15 in GC tissues using immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Next, we determined the effects of KIF11 or KIF15 knockout on the proliferation of GC cell lines. Finally, we investigated the combined effects of the KIF11 and KIF15 inhibitors both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS KIF11 and KIF15 were overexpressed in GC tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. Knockout of either KIF11 or KIF15 inhibited the proliferative and clonogenic abilities of GC cells. We found that the KIF15 knockout significantly increased ispinesib sensitivity in GC cells, while its overexpression showed the opposite effect. Further, using KIF15-IN-1 and ispinesib together had a synergistic effect on the antitumor proliferation of GC both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION This study shows that the combination therapy of inhibiting KIF11 and KIF15 might be an effective therapeutic strategy against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Na He
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng-Yuan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yuan Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian-Shun Li
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jian Ma
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zuo-Yi Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China.,Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Nikam D, Jain A. Advances in the discovery of DHPMs as Eg5 inhibitors for the management of breast cancer and glioblastoma: A review. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Synthesis, crystal structure and molecular docking study of new monastrol analogues as inhibitors of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Nicolai A, Taurone S, Carradori S, Artico M, Greco A, Costi R, Scarpa S. The kinesin Eg5 inhibitor K858 exerts antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects and attenuates the invasive potential of head and neck squamous carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:556-564. [PMID: 35312942 PMCID: PMC9098576 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Our group recently demonstrated that K858, an inhibitor of motor kinesin Eg5, has important antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on breast cancer, prostatic cancer, melanoma and glioblastoma cells. Since high levels of kinesin Eg5 expression have been correlated with a poor prognosis in laryngeal carcinoma, we decided to test the anticancer activity of K858 toward this tumor, which belongs to the group of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). These cancers are characterized by low responsiveness to therapy. The effects of K858 on the proliferation and assembly of mitotic spindles of three human HNSCC cell lines were studied using cytotoxicity assays and immunofluorescence for tubulin. The effect of K858 on the cell cycle was analyzed by FACS. The expression levels of cyclin B1 and several markers of apoptosis and invasion were studied by Western blot. Finally, the negative regulation of the malignant phenotype by K858 was evaluated by an invasion assay. K858 inhibited cell replication by rendering cells incapable of developing normal bipolar mitotic spindles. At the same time, K858 blocked the cell cycle in the G2 phase and induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic cyclin B and, eventually, apoptosis. Additionally, K858 inhibited cell migration and attenuated the malignant phenotype. The data described confirm that kinesin Eg5 is an interesting target for new anticancer strategies and suggest that this compound may be a powerful tool for an alternative therapeutic approach to HNSCCs.
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16
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Kinesin spindle protein inhibitors in cancer: from high throughput screening to novel therapeutic strategies. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO778. [PMID: 35251692 PMCID: PMC8890118 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bringing to a halt the cell cycle in mitosis and interfering with its normal progression is one of the most successful anti-cancer strategies used nowadays. Classically, several kinds of anti-cancer drugs like taxanes and vinca alkaloids directly inhibit microtubules during cell division. These drugs exhibit serious side effects, most importantly, severe peripheral neuropathies. Alternatively, KSP inhibitors are grasping a lot of research attention as less toxic mitotic inhibitors. In this review, we track the medicinal chemistry developmental stages of KSP inhibitors. Moreover, we address the challenges that are faced during the development of KSP inhibitor therapy for cancer and future insights for the latest advances in research that are directed to find active KSP inhibitor drugs. Scientists have recognized the importance of selective KSP inhibitors in the early 2000s and so various KSP protein inhibitors have been investigated. Only ten of these have been clinically evaluated for cancer treatment. Ispinesib (SB-715992) and filanesib (Arry-520) were the most promising small molecules in clinical trials against the KSP protein. Many challenges are faced during the development of an active anti-KSP drug; most importantly are the unsatisfactory clinical trial results. Designing dual inhibitors, antibody–drug conjugates, combination therapy and gene therapy approach are among the main strategies that are being investigated nowadays to find new effective KSP inhibitors. The scientific research efforts are still devoted to find an effective and tolerable KSP inhibitor drug that can gain US FDA approval.
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Lalhruaizela, Patel D, Marak BN, Dowarah J, Sran BS, Yadav UCS, Singh VP. Supramolecular architectures in dihydropyridones: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld analysis, cytotoxicity and in silico studies. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Negative Modulation of the Angiogenic Cascade Induced by Allosteric Kinesin Eg5 Inhibitors in a Gastric Adenocarcinoma In Vitro Model. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030957. [PMID: 35164221 PMCID: PMC8840372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Eg5 is a kinesin essential in bipolar spindle formation, overexpressed in tumours, thus representing a new target in cancer therapy. We aimed at evaluating the anti-cancer activity of Eg5 thiadiazoline inhibitors 2 and 41 on gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS), focusing on the modulation of angiogenic signalling. Docking studies confirmed a similar interaction with Eg5 to that of the parent compound K858. Thiadiazolines were also tested in combination with Hesperidin (HSD). Cell cycle analysis reveals a reduction of G1 and S phase percentages when 41 is administered as well as HSD in combination with K858. Western blot reveals Eg5 inhibitors capability to reduce PI3K, p-AKT/Akt and p-Erk/Erk expressions; p-Akt/Akt ratio is even more decreased in HSD+2 sample than the p-Erk/Erk ratio in HSD+41 or K858. VEGF expression is reduced when HSD+2 and HSD+41 are administered with respect to compounds alone, after 72 h. ANGPT2 gene expression increases in cells treated with 41 and HSD+2 compared to K858. The wound-healing assay highlights a reduction in the cut in HSD+2 sample compared to 2 and HSD. Thus, Eg5 inhibitors appear to modulate angiogenic signalling by controlling VEGF activity even better if combined with HSD. Overall, Eg5 inhibitors can represent a promising starting point to develop innovative anti-cancer strategies.
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19
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A review of synthetic bioactive tetrahydro-β-carbolines: A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113815. [PMID: 34479038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
1, 2, 3, 4-Tetrahydro-β-carboline (THβC) scaffold is widespread in many natural products (NPs) and synthetic compounds which show a variety of pharmacological activities. In this article, we reviewed the design, structures and biological characteristics of reported synthetic THβC compounds, and structure and activity relationship (SAR) of them were also discussed. This work might provide a reference for subsequent drug development based on THβC.
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20
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Wieczorek-Błauż A, Kowalczyk K, Błauż A, Makal A, Pawlędzio S, Eurtivong C, Arabshahi HJ, Reynisson J, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Impact of the ferrocenyl group on cytotoxicity and KSP inhibitory activity of ferrocenyl monastrol conjugates. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:491-508. [PMID: 34787141 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of the ferrocenyl moiety into a bioactive molecule may significantly alter the activity of the resulting conjugate. By applying this strategy, we designed ferrocenyl analogs of monastrol - the first low molecular weight kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor. The obtained compounds showed low micromolar antiproliferative activity towards a panel of sensitive and ABC-overexpressing cancer cells. Most cytotoxic compounds exhibited also higher KSP modulatory activity and ability for ROS generation compared to monastrol. The increased bioactivity of the studied compounds can be attributed to the presence of the ferrocenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wieczorek-Błauż
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Science, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Homayon J Arabshahi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | | | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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21
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Kavalapure RS, Alegaon SG, Venkatasubramanian U, Priya AS, Ranade SD, Khanal P, Mishra S, Patil D, Salve PS, Jalalpure SS. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study of some 2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) amino) benzohydrazide Schiff bases as potential Eg5 inhibitory agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105381. [PMID: 34601297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In Search of new microtubule-targeting compounds and to identify a promising Eg5 inhibitory agents, a series of 2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) amino) benzohydrazide Schiff bases molecules (6 a-r) were synthesized using appropriate synthetic method. The synthesized compounds were characterized by using FTIR, Proton NMR, Carbon NMR and mass spectral analysis. All eighteen compounds were evaluated for their Eg5 inhibitory activity. Among the evaluated compounds, only seven compounds are shown inhibitory activity. The results of Steady state ATPase reveled that compounds 6b, 6l and 6p exhibited promising inhibitory activity with IC50 Values of 2.720 ± 0.69, 2.676 ± 0.53 and 2.408 ± 0.46 respectively. Malachite Green Assay results reveled that 6q compound showed better inhibitory activity with IC50 Value of 0.095 ± 0.27. In vitro antioxidant capacity of the synthesized compounds was investigated. A molecular docking studies were performed to evaluate interaction in to binding site of kinesin spindle protein, these interaction influencing may support Eg5 inhibitory activity. The drug like parameters of the eighteen synthesized compounds were also computed using Qikprop software. In conclusion, some of 2-((7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) amino) benzohydrazide Schiff base compounds represent promising drug like agents for discovery of effective anticancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini S Kavalapure
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar G Alegaon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590 010, Karnataka, India.
| | - U Venkatasubramanian
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - A Soundarya Priya
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur 613 401, India
| | - Shriram D Ranade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Pukar Khanal
- Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, India
| | - Sanjay Mishra
- KAHER's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanashree Patil
- KAHER's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India
| | - Preeti S Salve
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590 010, Karnataka, India
| | - Sunil S Jalalpure
- KAHER's Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Center, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590010, Karnataka, India; Department of Pharmacognosy, KLE College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi 590 010, Karnataka, India
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22
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Pandey H, Popov M, Goldstein-Levitin A, Gheber L. Mechanisms by Which Kinesin-5 Motors Perform Their Multiple Intracellular Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6420. [PMID: 34203964 PMCID: PMC8232732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar kinesin-5 motor proteins perform multiple intracellular functions, mainly during mitotic cell division. Their specialized structural characteristics enable these motors to perform their essential functions by crosslinking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules (MTs). In this review, we discuss the specialized structural features of kinesin-5 motors, and the mechanisms by which these features relate to kinesin-5 functions and motile properties. In addition, we discuss the multiple roles of the kinesin-5 motors in dividing as well as in non-dividing cells, and examine their roles in pathogenetic conditions. We describe the recently discovered bidirectional motility in fungi kinesin-5 motors, and discuss its possible physiological relevance. Finally, we also focus on the multiple mechanisms of regulation of these unique motor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Larisa Gheber
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; (H.P.); (M.P.); (A.G.-L.)
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23
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Uniyal A, Shantanu PA, Vaidya S, Belinskaia DA, Shestakova NN, Kumar R, Singh S, Tiwari V. Tozasertib Attenuates Neuropathic Pain by Interfering with Aurora Kinase and KIF11 Mediated Nociception. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1948-1960. [PMID: 34027667 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are the motor proteins that transport excitatory receptors to the synaptic membrane by forming a complex with receptor cargo leading to central sensitization causing neuropathic pain. Many regulatory proteins govern the transit of receptors by activating kinesin, and Aurora kinases are one of them. In this study, we have performed in silico molecular dynamics simulation to delineate the dynamic interaction of Aurora kinase A with its pharmacological inhibitor, tozasertib. The results from the molecular dynamics study shows that tozasertib-Aurora kinase A complex is stabilized through hydrogen bonding, polar interactions, and water bridges. Findings from the in vitro studies suggest that tozasertib treatment significantly attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in oxidonitrosative stress and kif11 overexpression in C6 glial cell lines. Further, we investigated the regulation of kif11 and its modulation by tozasertib in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Two weeks post-CCI surgery we observed a significant increase in pain hypersensitivity and kif11 overexpression in DRG and spinal cord of nerve-injured rats. Tozasertib treatment significantly attenuates enhanced pain hypersensitivity along with the restoration of kif11 expression in DRG and spinal cord and oxidonitrosative stress in the sciatic nerve of injured rats. Our findings demonstrate the potential role of tozasertib for the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Uniyal
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P. A. Shantanu
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)—Ahmedabad, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Shivani Vaidya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)—Ahmedabad, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
| | - Daria A. Belinskaia
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia N. Shestakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez 44, St. Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Baba Saheb Bhim Rao Ambedkar Central University (BBAU), Lucknow, 226025 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Tiwari
- Neuroscience and Pain Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, 221005 Uttar Pradesh, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER)—Ahmedabad, 382355 Gandhinagar, India
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24
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Perużyńska M, Borzyszkowska-Ledwig A, Sośnicki JG, Struk Ł, Idzik TJ, Maciejewska G, Skalski Ł, Piotrowska K, Łukasik P, Droździk M, Kurzawski M. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Mitotic-Specific 3,4-Dihydropyridine-2(1 H)-thiones. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2462. [PMID: 33671106 PMCID: PMC7957618 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most anticancer drugs target mitosis as the most crucial and fragile period of rapidly dividing cancer cells. However the limitations of classical chemotherapeutics drive the search for new more effective and selective compounds. For this purpose structural modifications of the previously characterized pyridine aalog (S1) were incorporated aiming to obtain an antimitotic inhibitor of satisfactory and specific anticancer activity. Structure-activity relationship analysis of the compounds against a panel of cancer cell lines allowed to select a compound with a thiophene ring at C5 of a 3,4-dihydropyridine-2(1H)-thione (S22) with promising antiproliferative activity (IC50 equal 1.71 ± 0.58 µM) and selectivity (SI = 21.09) against melanoma A375 cells. Moreover, all three of the most active compounds from the antiproliferative study, namely S1, S19 and S22 showed better selectivity against A375 cells than reference drug, suggesting their possible lower toxicity and wider therapeutic index. As further study revealed, selected compounds inhibited tubulin polymerization via colchicine binding site in dose dependent manner, leading to aberrant mitotic spindle formation, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Summarizing, the current study showed that among obtained mitotic-specific inhibitors analogue with thiophene ring showed the highest antiproliferative activity and selectivity against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Perużyńska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Borzyszkowska-Ledwig
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Jacek G. Sośnicki
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Łukasz Struk
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Tomasz J. Idzik
- Department of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Al. Piastów 42, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland; (A.B.-L.); (J.G.S.); (Ł.S.); (T.J.I.)
| | - Gabriela Maciejewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Skalski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Paweł Łukasik
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Marek Droździk
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Mateusz Kurzawski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstanców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (Ł.S.); (M.D.); (M.K.)
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25
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Fukai R, Ogo N, Ichida T, Yamane M, Sawada JI, Miyoshi N, Murakami H, Asai A. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of a novel prodrug, a S-trityl- l-cysteine derivative targeting kinesin spindle protein. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113288. [PMID: 33640763 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kinesin spindle protein (KSP) is expressed only in cells undergoing cell division, and hence represents an attractive target for the treatment of cancer. Several KSP inhibitors have been developed and undergone clinical trial, but their clinical use is limited by their toxicity to rapidly proliferating non-cancerous cells. To create new KSP inhibitors that are highly selective for cancer cells, we optimized the amino acid moiety of S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) derivative 1 using in silico modeling. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation were performed to investigate the binding mode of 1 with KSP. Consistent with the structure activity relationship studies, we found that a cysteine amino moiety plays an important role in stabilizing the interaction. Based on these findings and the structure of GSH, a substrate of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), we designed and synthesized the prodrug N-γ-glutamylated STLC derivative 9, which could be hydrolyzed by GGT to produce 1. The KSP ATPase inhibitory activity of 9 was lower than that of 1, and LC-MS analysis indicated that 9 was converted to 1 only in the presence of GGT in vitro. In addition, the cytotoxic activity of 9 was significantly attenuated in GGT-knockdown A549 cells. Since GGT is overexpressed on the cell membrane of various cancer cells, these results suggest that compound 9 could be a promising prodrug that selectively inhibits the proliferation of GGT-expressing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Fukai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
| | - Taiki Ichida
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yamane
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Sawada
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nao Miyoshi
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Center for Drug Discovery, Graduate Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Yada 52-1, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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26
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Garcia-Saez I, Skoufias DA. Eg5 targeting agents: From new anti-mitotic based inhibitor discovery to cancer therapy and resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 184:114364. [PMID: 33310050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Eg5, the product of Kif11 gene, also known as kinesin spindle protein, is a motor protein involved in the proper establishment of a bipolar mitotic spindle. Eg5 is one of the 45 different kinesins coded in the human genome of the kinesin motor protein superfamily. Over the last three decades Eg5 has attracted great interest as a promising new mitotic target. The identification of monastrol as specific inhibitor of the ATPase activity of the motor domain of Eg5 inhibiting the Eg5 microtubule motility in vitro and in cellulo sparked an intense interest in academia and industry to pursue the identification of novel small molecules that target Eg5 in order to be used in cancer chemotherapy based on the anti-mitotic strategy. Several Eg5 inhibitors entered clinical trials. Currently the field is faced with the problem that most of the inhibitors tested exhibited only limited efficacy. However, one Eg5 inhibitor, Arry-520 (clinical name filanesib), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma and is scheduled to enter phase III clinical trials. At the same time, new trends in Eg5 inhibitor research are emerging, including an increased interest in novel inhibitor binding sites and a focus on drug synergy with established antitumor agents to improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. This review presents an updated view of the structure and function of Eg5-inhibitor complexes, traces the possible development of resistance to Eg5 inhibitors and their potential therapeutic applications, and surveys the current challenges and future directions of this active field in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Garcia-Saez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitrios A Skoufias
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 38000 Grenoble, France.
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IL3RA-Targeting Antibody-Drug Conjugate BAY-943 with a Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitor Payload Shows Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Hematologic Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113464. [PMID: 33233768 PMCID: PMC7709048 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IL3RA (CD123) is the alpha subunit of the interleukin 3 (IL-3) receptor, which regulates the proliferation, survival, and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. IL3RA is frequently expressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), presenting an opportunity to treat AML and HL with an IL3RA-directed antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Here, we describe BAY-943 (IL3RA-ADC), a novel IL3RA-targeting ADC consisting of a humanized anti-IL3RA antibody conjugated to a potent proprietary kinesin spindle protein inhibitor (KSPi). In vitro, IL3RA-ADC showed potent and selective antiproliferative efficacy in a panel of IL3RA-expressing AML and HL cell lines. In vivo, IL3RA-ADC improved survival and reduced tumor burden in IL3RA-positive human AML cell line-derived (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11) as well as in patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models (AM7577 and AML11655) in mice. Furthermore, IL3RA-ADC induced complete tumor remission in 12 out of 13 mice in an IL3RA-positive HL cell line-derived xenograft model (HDLM-2). IL3RA-ADC was well-tolerated and showed no signs of thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or liver toxicity in rats, or in cynomolgus monkeys when dosed up to 20 mg/kg. Overall, the preclinical results support the further development of BAY-943 as an innovative approach for the treatment of IL3RA-positive hematologic malignancies.
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28
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Łomzik M, Hanif M, Budniok A, Błauż A, Makal A, Tchoń DM, Leśniewska B, Tong KKH, Movassaghi S, Söhnel T, Jamieson SMF, Zafar A, Reynisson J, Rychlik B, Hartinger CG, Plażuk D. Metal-Dependent Cytotoxic and Kinesin Spindle Protein Inhibitory Activity of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir Half-Sandwich Complexes of Ispinesib-Derived Ligands. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14879-14890. [PMID: 33003697 PMCID: PMC7584371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ispinesib is a potent inhibitor of kinesin spindle protein (KSP), which has been identified as a promising target for antimitotic anticancer drugs. Herein, we report the synthesis of half-sandwich complexes of Ru, Os, Rh, and Ir bearing the ispinesib-derived N,N-bidentate ligands (R)- and (S)-2-(1-amino-2-methylpropyl)-3-benzyl-7-chloroquinazolin-4(3H)-one and studies on their chemical and biological properties. Using the enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-forms of the ligand, depending on the organometallic moiety, either the SM,R or RM,S diastereomers, respectively, were observed in the molecular structures of the Ru- and Os(cym) (cym = η6-p-cymene) compounds, whereas the RM,R or SM,S diastereomers were found for the Rh- and Ir(Cp*) (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) derivatives. However, density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the energy difference between the diastereomers is very small, and therefore a mixture of both will be present in solution. The organometallics exhibited varying antiproliferative activity in a series of human cancer cell lines, with the complexes featuring the (R)-enantiomer of the ligand being more potent than the (S)-configured counterparts. Notably, the Rh and Ir complexes demonstrated high KSP inhibitory activity, even at 1 nM concentration, which was independent of the chirality of the ligand, whereas the Ru and especially the Os derivatives were much less active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Łomzik
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Aleksandra Budniok
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel M Tchoń
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Barbara Leśniewska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, ul. K. Ciołkowskiego 1 K, 15-245 Białystok, Poland
| | - Kelvin K H Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Sanam Movassaghi
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tilo Söhnel
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Stephen M F Jamieson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Hornbeam Building, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, ul. Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Christian G Hartinger
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland
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29
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of β-lapachone-monastrol hybrids as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 203:112594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Bai Y, Wang X, Hou J, Geng L, Liang X, Ruan Z, Guo H, Nan K, Jiang L. Identification of a Five-Gene Signature for Predicting Survival in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Patients. Front Genet 2020; 11:899. [PMID: 32849853 PMCID: PMC7427512 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), predominantly caused by asbestos exposure, is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis. The staging systems currently used in clinics is inadequate in evaluating the prognosis of MPM. In this study, a five-gene signature was developed and enrolled into a prognostic risk score model by LASSO Cox regression analysis based on two expression profiling datasets (GSE2549 and GSE51024) from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The five-gene signature was further validated using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) MPM dataset. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses proved that the five-gene signature was an independent prognostic factor for MPM. The signature remained statistically significant upon stratification by Brigham stage, AJCC stage, gender, tumor size, and lymph node status. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated good performance of our model in predicting 1- and 2-years overall survival in MPM patients. The C-index was 0.784 for GSE2549 and 0.753 for the TCGA dataset showing moderate predictive accuracy of our model. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggested that the five-gene signature was related to pathways resulting in MPM tumor progression. Together, we have established a five-gene signature significantly associated with prognosis in MPM patients. Hence, the five-genes signature may serve as a potentially useful prognostic tool for MPM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Luying Geng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuan Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiping Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Oncology Hospital, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Hoppenz P, Els-Heindl S, Beck-Sickinger AG. Peptide-Drug Conjugates and Their Targets in Advanced Cancer Therapies. Front Chem 2020; 8:571. [PMID: 32733853 PMCID: PMC7359416 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer became recently the leading cause of death in industrialized countries. Even though standard treatments achieve significant effects in growth inhibition and tumor elimination, they cause severe side effects as most of the applied drugs exhibit only minor selectivity for the malignant tissue. Hence, specific addressing of tumor cells without affecting healthy tissue is currently a major desire in cancer therapy. Cell surface receptors, which bind peptides are frequently overexpressed on cancer cells and can therefore be considered as promising targets for selective tumor therapy. In this review, the benefits of peptides as tumor homing agents are presented and an overview of the most commonly addressed peptide receptors is given. A special focus was set on the bombesin receptor family and the neuropeptide Y receptor family. In the second part, the specific requirements of peptide-drug conjugates (PDC) and intelligent linker structures as an essential component of PDC are outlined. Furthermore, different drug cargos are presented including classical and recent toxic agents as well as radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In the last part, boron neutron capture therapy as advanced targeted cancer therapy is introduced and past and recent developments are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Hoppenz
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sylvia Els-Heindl
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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El-Hamamsy MH, Sharafeldin NA, El-Moselhy TF, Tawfik HO. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking study of new monastrol analogues as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000060. [PMID: 32452567 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung, colorectal, and breast cancers are the top three types of cancer by incidence and are responsible for one-third of the cancer incidence and mortality. A series of 18 3,4-dihydropyrimidine analogues bearing a 1,2-methylenedioxybenzene component at position 4 with diverse side chains at positions 5 and 6 was designed and synthesized as inhibitors of the Eg5 kinesin enzyme. Target compounds were screened for their anticancer activity according to the NCI-USA protocol toward a panel of 60 cancer cell lines. Compounds 12a and 12b displayed the best antiproliferation activity against many cell lines. Interestingly, compound 12a displayed lethal effects against non-small-cell lung cancer NCI-H522 cells (-42.26%) and MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells (-1.10%) at a single-dose assay concentration of 10-5 M. Compounds 11c, 11d, 11g, 12a-d, 13, 15, and 18a were assayed against the kinesin enzyme, with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 18.71 μM, which were more potent compared with monastrol (IC50 = 20 μM). Cell cycle analysis of NCI-H522 cells treated with compound 12a showed cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the expression levels of active caspase-3 and -9 were measured. A molecular docking study was performed for some demonstrative compounds as well as monastrol docked into the allosteric binding site of the kinesin spindle protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat H El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Nabaweya A Sharafeldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek F El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Haytham O Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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33
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How Essential Kinesin-5 Becomes Non-Essential in Fission Yeast: Force Balance and Microtubule Dynamics Matter. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051154. [PMID: 32392819 PMCID: PMC7290485 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bipolar mitotic spindle drives accurate chromosome segregation by capturing the kinetochore and pulling each set of sister chromatids to the opposite poles. In this review, we describe recent findings on the multiple pathways leading to bipolar spindle formation in fission yeast and discuss these results from a broader perspective. The roles of three mitotic kinesins (Kinesin-5, Kinesin-6 and Kinesin-14) in spindle assembly are depicted, and how a group of microtubule-associated proteins, sister chromatid cohesion and the kinetochore collaborate with these motors is shown. We have paid special attention to the molecular pathways that render otherwise essential Kinesin-5 to become non-essential: how cells build bipolar mitotic spindles without the need for Kinesin-5 and where the alternate forces come from are considered. We highlight the force balance for bipolar spindle assembly and explain how outward and inward forces are generated by various ways, in which the proper fine-tuning of microtubule dynamics plays a crucial role. Overall, these new pathways have illuminated the remarkable plasticity and adaptability of spindle mechanics. Kinesin molecules are regarded as prospective targets for cancer chemotherapy and many specific inhibitors have been developed. However, several hurdles have arisen against their clinical implementation. This review provides insight into possible strategies to overcome these challenges.
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34
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She ZY, Zhong N, Yu KW, Xiao Y, Wei YL, Lin Y, Li YL, Lu MH. Kinesin-5 Eg5 is essential for spindle assembly and chromosome alignment of mouse spermatocytes. Cell Div 2020; 15:6. [PMID: 32165913 PMCID: PMC7060529 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-020-00063-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microtubule organization is essential for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, which contribute to genome stability. Kinesin-5 Eg5 is known to be a crucial regulator in centrosome separation and spindle assembly in mammalian somatic cells, however, the functions and mechanisms of Eg5 in male meiotic cell division remain largely unknown. Results In this study, we have found that Eg5 proteins are expressed in mouse spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids. After Eg5 inhibition by specific inhibitors Monastrol, STLC and Dimethylenastron, the meiotic spindles of dividing spermatocytes show spindle collapse and the defects in bipolar spindle formation. We demonstrate that Eg5 regulates spindle bipolarity and the maintenance of meiotic spindles in meiosis. Eg5 inhibition leads to monopolar spindles, spindle abnormalities and chromosome misalignment in cultured GC-2 spd cells. Furthermore, Eg5 inhibition results in the decrease of the spermatids and the abnormalities in mature sperms. Conclusions Our results have revealed an important role of kinesin-5 Eg5 in male meiosis and the maintenance of male fertility. We demonstrate that Eg5 is crucial for bipolar spindle assembly and chromosome alignment in dividing spermatocytes. Our data provide insights into the functions of Eg5 in meiotic spindle assembly of dividing spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu She
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Ning Zhong
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Kai-Wei Yu
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Yu Xiao
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Ya-Lan Wei
- Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China.,4Fujian Provincial Children's Hospital, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001 Fujian China
| | - Yang Lin
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Yue-Ling Li
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
| | - Ming-Hui Lu
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122 Fujian China
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35
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Kim CD, Kim ED, Liu L, Buckley RS, Parameswaran S, Kim S, Wojcik EJ. Small molecule allosteric uncoupling of microtubule depolymerase activity from motility in human Kinesin-5 during mitotic spindle assembly. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19900. [PMID: 31882607 PMCID: PMC6934681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Kinesin-5 (Eg5) has a large number of known allosteric inhibitors that disrupt its mitotic function. Small-molecule inhibitors of Eg5 are candidate anti-cancer agents and important probes for understanding the cellular function. Here we show that Eg5 is capable of more than one type of microtubule interaction, and these activities can be controlled by allosteric agents. While both monastrol and S-trityl-L-cysteine inhibit Eg5 motility, our data reveal an unexpected ability of these loop5 targeting inhibitors to differentially control a novel Eg5 microtubule depolymerizing activity. Remarkably, small molecule loop5 effectors are able to independently modulate discrete functional interactions between the motor and microtubule track. We establish that motility can be uncoupled from the microtubule depolymerase activity and argue that loop5-targeting inhibitors of Kinesin-5 should not all be considered functionally synonymous. Also, the depolymerizing activity of the motor does not contribute to the genesis of monopolar spindles during allosteric inhibition of motility, but instead reveals a new function. We propose that, in addition to its canonical role in participating in the construction of the three-dimensional mitotic spindle structure, Eg5 also plays a distinct role in regulating the dynamics of individual microtubules, and thereby impacts the density of the mitotic spindle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Liqiong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Rebecca S Buckley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sreeja Parameswaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Sunyoung Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Edward J Wojcik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU School of Medicine & Health Sciences Center, 1901 Perdido Street, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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36
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Karpov AS, Nieto-Oberhuber CM, Abrams T, Beng-Louka E, Blanco E, Chamoin S, Chene P, Dacquignies I, Daniel D, Dillon MP, Doumampouom-Metoul L, Drosos N, Fedoseev P, Furegati M, Granda B, Grotzfeld RM, Hess Clark S, Joly E, Jones D, Lacaud-Baumlin M, Lagasse-Guerro S, Lorenzana EG, Mallet W, Martyniuk P, Marzinzik AL, Mesrouze Y, Nocito S, Oei Y, Perruccio F, Piizzi G, Richard E, Rudewicz PJ, Schindler P, Velay M, Venstrom K, Wang P, Zurini M, Lafrance M. Discovery of Potent and Selective Antibody-Drug Conjugates with Eg5 Inhibitors through Linker and Payload Optimization. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1674-1679. [PMID: 31857845 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted antimitotic agents are a promising class of anticancer therapies. Herein, we describe the development of a potent and selective antimitotic Eg5 inhibitor based antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Preliminary studies were performed using proprietary Eg5 inhibitors which were conjugated onto a HER2-targeting antibody using maleimido caproyl valine-citrulline para-amino benzocarbamate, or MC-VC-PABC cleavable linker. However, the resulting ADCs lacked antigen-specificity in vivo, probably from premature release of the payload. Second-generation ADCs were then developed, using noncleavable linkers, and the resulting conjugates (ADC-4 and ADC-10) led to in vivo efficacy in an HER-2 expressing (SK-OV-3ip) mouse xenograft model while ADC-11 led to in vivo efficacy in an anti-c-KIT (NCI-H526) mouse xenograft model in a target-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei S. Karpov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tinya Abrams
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Edwige Beng-Louka
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrique Blanco
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Chamoin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Chene
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Dacquignies
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dylan Daniel
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Michael P. Dillon
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | | | - Pavel Fedoseev
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Furegati
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Brian Granda
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Robert M. Grotzfeld
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Suzanna Hess Clark
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Emilie Joly
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Darryl Jones
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Lacaud-Baumlin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Edward G. Lorenzana
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - William Mallet
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Piotr Martyniuk
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas L. Marzinzik
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Mesrouze
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandro Nocito
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yoko Oei
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Francesca Perruccio
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Grazia Piizzi
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Etienne Richard
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick J. Rudewicz
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mélanie Velay
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kristine Venstrom
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Peiyin Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mauro Zurini
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Lafrance
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Fabrikstrasse 2, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Algarín EM, Hernández-García S, Garayoa M, Ocio EM. Filanesib for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2019; 29:5-14. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2020.1703179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Hernández-García
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Garayoa
- Cancer Research Center (IBMCC-CSIC-USAL), University Hospital of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Enrique M. Ocio
- University Hospital Marques de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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38
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Design, synthesis, and bioactivity of dihydropyrimidine derivatives as kinesin spindle protein inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:115126. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabin Meng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shuyan Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Gu
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of EngineeringSun Yat‐sen University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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Ogunwa TH, Taii K, Sadakane K, Kawata Y, Maruta S, Miyanishi T. Morelloflavone as a novel inhibitor of mitotic kinesin Eg5. J Biochem 2019; 166:129-137. [PMID: 30785183 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 40 plant-derived biflavonoids with inhibitory potential against Eg5, morelloflavone from Garcinia dulcis leaves was selected for further testing based on in silico analysis of binding modes, molecular interactions, binding energies and functional groups that interact with Eg5. Computational models predicted that morelloflavone binds the putative allosteric pocket of Eg5, within the cavity surrounded by amino acid residues of Ile-136, Glu-116, Glu-118, Trp-127, Gly-117, Ala-133, Glu-215, Leu-214 and Tyr-211. Binding energy was -8.4 kcal/mol, with a single hydrogen bond formed between morelloflavone and Tyr-211. The binding configuration was comparable to that of a reference inhibitor, S-trityl-L-cysteine. Subsequent biochemical analysis in vitro confirmed that morelloflavone inhibited both the basal and microtubule-activated ATPase activity of Eg5 in a manner that does not compete with ATP binding. Morelloflavone also suppressed Eg5 gliding along microtubules. These results suggest that morelloflavone binds the allosteric binding site in Eg5 and thereby inhibits ATPase activity and motor function of Eg5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomisin Happy Ogunwa
- Department of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Taii
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sadakane
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Kawata
- Department of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Maruta
- Department of Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, 1-236 Tangi-cho, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyanishi
- Department of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, Japan
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Antiproliferative S-Trityl-l-Cysteine -Derived Compounds as SIRT2 Inhibitors: Repurposing and Solubility Enhancement. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183295. [PMID: 31510043 PMCID: PMC6766826 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) is a well-recognized lead compound known for its anticancer activity owing to its potent inhibitory effect on human mitotic kinesin Eg5. STLC contains two free terminal amino and carboxyl groups that play pivotal roles in binding to the Eg5 pocket. On the other hand, such a zwitterion structure complicates the clinical development of STLC because of the solubility issues. Masking either of these radicals reduces or abolishes STLC activity against Eg5. We recently identified and characterized a new class of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase isoform 2 of sirtuin protein (SIRT2) inhibitors that can be utilized as cytotoxic agents based on an S-trityl-l-histidine scaffold. Herein, we propose new STLC-derived compounds that possess pronounced SIRT2 inhibition effects. These derivatives contain modified amino and carboxyl groups, which conferred STLC with SIRT2 bioactivity, representing an explicit repurposing approach. Compounds STC4 and STC11 exhibited half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 10.8 ± 1.9 and 9.5 ± 1.2 μM, respectively, against SIRT2. Additionally, introduction of the derivatizations in this study addressed the solubility limitations of free STLC, presumably due to interruption of the zwitterion structure. Therefore, we could obtain drug-like STLC derivatives that work by a new mechanism of action. The new derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their structure was confirmed using different spectroscopic approaches. In vitro and cellular bioassays with various cancer cell lines and in silico molecular docking and solubility calculations of the synthesized compounds demonstrated that they warrant attention for further refinement of their bioactivity.
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42
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Giantulli S, De Iuliis F, Taglieri L, Carradori S, Menichelli G, Morrone S, Scarpa S, Silvestri I. Growth arrest and apoptosis induced by kinesin Eg5 inhibitor K858 and by its 1,3,4-thiadiazoline analogue in tumor cells. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:674-681. [PMID: 29738338 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors are complex and heterogeneous but, despite this, they share the ability to proliferate continuously, irrespective of the presence of growth signals, leading to a higher fraction of actively growing and dividing cells compared with normal tissues. For this reason, the cytotoxic antimitotic treatments remain an important clinical tool for tumors. Among these drugs, antitubulin compounds constitute one of the most effective anticancer chemotherapies; however, they cause dose-limiting side effects. Therefore, it is still necessary to develop compounds with new targets and new mechanisms of action to reduce side effects or chemoresistance. Mitosis-specific kinesin Eg5 can represent an attractive target for discovering such new anticancer agents because its role is fundamental in mitotic progression. Therefore, we analyzed the effects induced by an inhibitor of kinesin Eg5, K858, and by its 1,3,4-thiadiazoline analogue on human melanoma and prostate cancer cell lines. We found that both compounds have an antiproliferative effect, induce apoptosis, and can determine a downmodulation of survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, 'G. D'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Susanna Scarpa
- Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
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The effect and mechanism of millepachine-disrupted spindle assembly in tumor cells. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 29:449-456. [PMID: 29649038 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Millepachine (MIL) is a bioactive natural product that shows great potential for cancer treatment. Previous studies showed that MIL was a novel cancer drug candidate with a special structure. To provide reference for the research and development of MIL, we further investigated the mechanism of MIL inducing G2/M arrest and found MIL disrupted spindle assembly in tumor cells. In this study, we investigated the disrupting spindle assembly effects of MIL with a focus on its potential mechanism of action. First, we indicated that MIL did not inhibit microtubule polymerization from the results of in-vivo microtubule nucleation assay and microtubule polymerization in-vitro assay but delayed this process by inhibiting the production of ATP in tumor cells. Thereafter, we investigated the effect of MIL on the mitotic spindle. We found that MIL induced multipolar spindles by inhibiting the activity of Eg5 and inhibited mitotic spindle formation and chromatin condensation by the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) in tumor cells. These results established a novel function of MIL in regulating the assembly of mitotic spindle. As Eg5 and SAC are antitumor targets, effect of MIL on the Eg5 protein and SAC activation hinted that MIL has novel application in the development of antitumor drugs.
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44
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Wan X, Zhang Y, Lan M, Pan MH, Tang F, Zhang HL, Ou XH, Sun SC. Meiotic arrest and spindle defects are associated with altered KIF11 expression in porcine oocytes. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:805-812. [PMID: 30151839 DOI: 10.1002/em.22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs) act as molecular motors and are involved in material transport along microtubules to maintain normal cellular functions. KIF11 (also named kinesin-5, Eg5, and KSP) is a plus-end-directed homotetrameric kinesin that regulates spindle formation for actuate chromosomal separation during mitosis. However, the roles of KIF11 in meiosis are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory functions of KIF11 during porcine oocyte maturation. The results indicated that KIF11 was expressed in different stages during porcine oocyte meiosis. Inhibition of KIF11 activity led to the failure of the first polar body extrusion, and we found that cell cycle progression was disturbed, which was confirmed by the decreased Cdc2 expression. Furthermore, inhibition of KIF11 resulted in decreased tubulin acetylation and caused sequential disruption of the spindle assembly and chromosome alignment. We also found that in postovulatory aging porcine oocytes, the KIF11 expression was altered, indicating that KIF11 was involved with aging-induced spindle disorganization. In summary, our results showed that KIF11 regulated the cell cycle and tubulin acetylation related spindle formation in porcine oocyte meiosis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:805-812, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Hao Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Lin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Ou
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Chen Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Lerchen H, Wittrock S, Stelte‐Ludwig B, Sommer A, Berndt S, Griebenow N, Rebstock A, Johannes S, Cancho‐Grande Y, Mahlert C, Greven S, Terjung C. Antibody–Drug Conjugates with Pyrrole‐Based KSP Inhibitors as the Payload Class. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:15243-15247. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201807619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah Johannes
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | | | - Christoph Mahlert
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Simone Greven
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
| | - Carsten Terjung
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Germany
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46
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Lerchen H, Wittrock S, Stelte‐Ludwig B, Sommer A, Berndt S, Griebenow N, Rebstock A, Johannes S, Cancho‐Grande Y, Mahlert C, Greven S, Terjung C. Antikörper‐Wirkstoff‐Konjugate mit Pyrrol‐basierten KSP‐Inhibitoren als Payload‐Klasse. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201807619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hans‐Georg Lerchen
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | | | | | | | | | - Nils Griebenow
- Bayer AG Animal HealthLead Discovery Monheim Deutschland
| | | | - Sarah Johannes
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | | | - Christoph Mahlert
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | - Simone Greven
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Deutschland
| | - Carsten Terjung
- Bayer AG R&D Pharmaceuticals Aprather Weg 18a 42113 Wuppertal Deutschland
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47
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Henriques AC, Ribeiro D, Pedrosa J, Sarmento B, Silva PMA, Bousbaa H. Mitosis inhibitors in anticancer therapy: When blocking the exit becomes a solution. Cancer Lett 2018; 440-441:64-81. [PMID: 30312726 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Current microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) remain amongst the most important antimitotic drugs used against a broad range of malignancies. By perturbing spindle assembly, MTAs activate the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), which induces mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis. However, besides toxic side effects and resistance, mitotic slippage and failure in triggering apoptosis in various cancer cells are limiting factors of MTAs efficacy. Alternative strategies to target mitosis without affecting microtubules have, thus, led to the identification of small molecules, such as those that target spindle Kinesins, Aurora and Polo-like kinases. Unfortunately, these so-called second-generation of antimitotics, encompassing mitotic blockers and mitotic drivers, have failed in clinical trials. Our recent understanding regarding the mechanisms of cell death during a mitotic arrest pointed out apoptosis as the main variable, providing an opportunity to control the cell fates and influence the effectiveness of antimitotics. Here, we provide an overview on the second-generation of antimitotics, and discuss possible strategies that exploit SAC activity, mitotic slippage/exit and apoptosis induction, in order to improve the efficacy of anticancer strategies that target mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Henriques
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joel Pedrosa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; INEB, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal; i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M A Silva
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada Em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde, Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Yokoyama H, Sawada JI, Sato K, Ogo N, Kamei N, Ishikawa Y, Hara K, Asai A, Hashimoto H. Structural and Thermodynamic Basis of the Enhanced Interaction between Kinesin Spindle Protein Eg5 and STLC-type Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:12284-12294. [PMID: 31459302 PMCID: PMC6644766 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For a better understanding of protein-inhibitor interactions, we report structural, thermodynamic, and biological analyses of the interactions between S-trityl-l-cysteine (STLC) derivatives and the motor domain of kinesin spindle protein Eg5. Binding of STLC-type inhibitors to Eg5 was enthalpically driven and entropically unfavorable. The introduction of a para-methoxy substituent in one phenyl ring of STLC enhances its inhibitory activity resulting from a larger enthalpy gain possibly due to the increased shape complementarity. The substituent fits to a recess in the binding pocket. To avoid steric hindrance, the substituted STLC is nudged toward the side opposite to the recess, which enhances the interaction of Eg5 with the remaining part of the inhibitor. Further introduction of an ethylene linkage between two phenyl rings enhances Eg5 inhibitory activity by reducing the loss of entropy in forming the complex. This study provides valuable examples of enhancing protein-inhibitor interactions without forming additional hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Yokoyama
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Sawada
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kohei Sato
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naohisa Ogo
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Nanami Kamei
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ishikawa
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Kodai Hara
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akira Asai
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hashimoto
- Department of Physical Biochemistry,
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Drug
Discovery, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Khathi SP, Chandrasekaran B, Karunanidhi S, Tham CL, Kozielski F, Sayyad N, Karpoormath R. Design and synthesis of novel thiadiazole-thiazolone hybrids as potential inhibitors of the human mitotic kinesin Eg5. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2930-2938. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Steinborn B, Truebenbach I, Morys S, Lächelt U, Wagner E, Zhang W. Epidermal growth factor receptor targeted methotrexate and small interfering RNA co-delivery. J Gene Med 2018; 20:e3041. [PMID: 29949222 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing new drug delivery carriers addressing chemoresistance is still full of challenges and opportunities. As the rapid development of small interfering RNA (siRNA) provides promising therapeutic perspectives, nanocarriers for drug and siRNA co-delivery present new alternatives for cancer therapy. METHODS A co-delivery nanosystem for methotrexate (MTX) or gamma-glutamylated derivatives (gE2 -MTX and gE5 -MTX) and antitumoral EG5 siRNA has been developed utilizing the sequence defined cationic lipo-oligomers 454, 1021 and 1027. Based on a lipo-oligomer-MTX-siRNA core, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted delivery system was established via post modification with the GE11 targeting peptide. RESULTS Almost 100% MTX derivative incorporation was achieved in gE2 -MTX or gE5 -MTX siRNA/454 polyplexes, whereas the particle sizes (100-150 nm) and siRNA binding abilities were well maintained. Our co-delivery system greatly increased the MTX sensitivity of MTX resistant KB cells. Enhanced cellular internalization of GE11 siRNA/454 polyplexes incorporating either gE2 -MTX or gE5 -MTX was observed and attributed to GE11-mediated targeting of EGFR overexpressing KB cells. GE11 modified gE2 -MTX or gE5 -MTX EG5 siRNA polyplexes illustrated the highest anti-tumoral activities compared to free MTX or nontargeted polyplexes. The His-containing gE2 -MTX or gE5 -MTX siRNA/1027 polyplexes showed increased tumor cell killing compared to the His-free analogous 1021 polyplexes. CONCLUSIONS A new strategy for co-delivering negatively charged MTX and cytotoxic siRNA has been developed by utilizing sequence defined cationic lipo-oligomers. Mediated by the combined effect of antifolate MTX, antimitotic EG5 siRNA and EGFR targeting by GE11, superior tumor cell killing was obtained with GE11 gE2 -MTX or gE5 -MTX EG5 siRNA/454 polyplexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Steinborn
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ines Truebenbach
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Morys
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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