Thiourea derivatives incorporating a hippuric acid moiety: Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities

Structure-activity relationship and cytotoxicity of the new thiosemicarbazide derivatives and their Cu(II) complexes against prostate and melanoma cancer cells

In this study, eighteen new ligands (B1-B18) containing a thiosemicarbazide core were synthesized and characterized in terms of physicochemical properties, molecular docking and in vitro biological activity. The structures of eleven ligands were investigated using X-Ray diffraction and Hirschfeld Surface analysis. To study the structure-activity relationship, the organic ligands contained pyridin-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-3-ylmethyl or pyridin-4-ylmethyl moieties and various substituents. Their pharmakokinetic profiles and molecular docking results suggest high potential as new drug candidates. The complexing ability of the selected organic ligands was also evaluated, yielding five new Cu(II) complexes (Cu(B1)Cl2, Cu(B4)Cl2, Cu(B10)Cl2, Cu(B17)Cl2, Cu(B18)Cl2). The obtained results suggest the formation of the polymeric structures. All organic ligands and Cu(II) complexes were tested for anticancer activity against prostate and melanoma cancer cells (PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP, A375, G-361, SK-MEL-28) and normal fibroblasts (BJ), as well as antimicrobial activity against six selected bateria strains. Among B1-B18 compounds, B3, B5, B9, B10, B12 and B14 exhibited cytotoxic activity. The studied Cu(II) complexes were in general more active, with Cu(B1)Cl2 exhibiting antincancer activity agains all three prostate cancer cells and Cu(B10)Cl2 reaching the IC50 value equal to 88 μM against G-361 melanoma cells. Several compounds also exhibited antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It was found that the type of specific substituents, especially the presence of -chloro and -dichloro substituents had a greated impact on the cytotoxicity than the position of the nitrogen atom in the pyridylacetyl moiety.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of new naphthalimide-thiourea derivatives as potent antimicrobial agents active against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The emergence of antibiotic resistance to S. aureus and M. tuberculosis, particularly MRSA, VRSA, and drug-resistant tuberculosis, poses a serious threat to human health. Towards discovering new antibacterial agents, we designed and synthesized a series of new naphthalimide-thiourea derivatives and evaluated them against a panel of bacterial strains consisting of E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and various mycobacterial pathogens. Compounds 4a, 4l, 4m, 4n, 4q, 9f, 9l, 13a, 13d, 13e, 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d, and 17e demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus with MIC 0.03-8 μg mL-1. In addition, these compounds have also exhibited potent inhibition against MDR strains of S. aureus, including VRSA with MICs 0.06-4 μg mL-1. Compounds 4h, 4j, 4l, 4m, 4q, 4r, 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, 9e, 9g, 9h, 9j, 13f and 17e also exhibited good antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis with MIC 2-64 μg mL-1. The cytotoxicity assay using Vero cells revealed that all the compounds were non-toxic and exhibited a favorable selectivity index (SI >40). Time kill kinetics data indicated that compounds exhibited concentration-dependent killing. Furthermore, in silico studies were performed to decipher the possible mechanism of action. Comprehensively, these results highlight the potential of naphthalimide-thiourea derivatives as promising antibacterial agents.

Design and synthesis of new thiazolidinone/uracil derivatives as antiproliferative agents targeting EGFR and/or BRAFV600E

Thiourea derivatives of uracil were efficiently synthesized via the reaction of 5-aminouracil with isothiocyanates. Then, we prepared uracil-containing thiazoles via condensation of thioureas with diethyl/dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylates. The structures of the products were confirmed by a combination of spectral techniques including infra-red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and elemental analyses. A rationale for the formation of the products is presented. The newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines. The compounds tested showed promising antiproliferative activity, with GI₅₀ values ranging from 1.10 µM to 10.00 µM. Compounds 3c, 5b, 5c, 5h, 5i, and 5j were the most potent derivatives, with GI₅₀ values ranging from 1.10 µM to 1.80 µM. Compound 5b showed potent inhibitory activity against EGFR and BRAF^V600E with IC₅₀ of 91 ± 07 and 93 ± 08 nM, respectively, indicating that this compound could serve as a dual inhibitor of EGFR and BRAF^V600E with promising antiproliferative properties. Docking computations revealed the great potency of compounds 5b and 5j towards EGFR and BRAF^V600E with docking scores of -8.3 and -9.7 kcal/mol and -8.2 and -9.3 kcal/mol, respectively.

Abd Razik. Synthesizing, Studying Molecular Docking, Characterizing, and Preliminary Evaluating Anti-Bacterial Effects of Derivatives of Serotonin Contain Imidazolidine Ring

This study included synthesis of new serotonin derivatives in which imidazolidine rings are present in their structures. The final imidazolidine derivatives compounds were synthesized by reaction of synthesized   Schiff bases derivatives of serotonin with the glycine (NH2-CH2COOH) in presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent. The imidazolidine derivatives were identified by physical characteristics, FT-IR spectroscopy and 1H- NMR spectroscopy. Biological activities against two Gram negative (Klebsiella and E. coli) and two Gram positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria were also distinguished. All the synthesized compounds III(a-d) exhibit moderate activities on four types of bacteria comparing with the activity of standard drug (Trimethoprim) but the highest activities of these compounds occur on Streptococcus pyogenes and their least activities occur on E. coli. The synthesized compounds were studied for the molecular docking to know the interaction and affinity of binding between them and bacteria  

Rapeseed oil-based hippurate amide nanocomposite coating material for anticorrosive and antibacterial applications

Industrial crops and products have proved to be an excellent alternative to petro-based chemicals. Vegetable oils are rich in functional groups that can be transformed into monomers and polymers with applications such as biodiesel, lubricants, inks, coatings, and paints. This study describes the synthesis of rapeseed oil (RO)-based esteramide for the first time. The reaction was carried out by amidation of RO, producing diol fatty amide (N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) RO fatty amide), followed by its esterification reaction with hippuric acid, resulting in RO-based hippurate amide (ROHA). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed the introduction of amide and ester moieties in ROHA. ROHA was further reinforced with silver nanoparticles (SNPs) to develop corrosion-protective nanocomposite coatings. ROHA/SNP coatings were scratch-resistant, impact-resistant, and flexible and showed good corrosion resistance performance toward 3.5 w/w% NaCl medium, with adequate corrosion protection efficiency, and antimicrobial behavior against Staphylococcus aureus, Chromobacterium violaceum, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. ROHA/SNP coatings can be safely used up to 250°C.

Structure and surface analyses of a newly synthesized acyl thiourea derivative along with its in silico and in vitro investigations for RNR, DNA binding, urease inhibition and radical scavenging activities

N-((4-Acetylphenyl)carbamothioyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamide (4) was synthesized by the treatment of 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl chloride with potassium thiocyanate in a 1 : 1 molar ratio in dry acetone to afford the 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate in situ which on reaction with acetyl aniline furnished (4) in good yield and high purity. The compound was confirmed by FTIR, ¹H-NMR, and ¹³C-NMR and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The planar rings were situated at a dihedral angle of 33.32(6)°. The molecules, forming S(6) ring motifs with the intramolecular N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, were linked through intermolecular C–H⋯O and N–H⋯S hydrogen bonds, enclosing R₂²(8) ring motifs, into infinite double chains along [101]. C–H⋯π and π⋯π interactions with an inter-centroid distance of 3.694 (1) Å helped to consolidate a three-dimensional architecture. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis further indicated that the most important contributions for the crystal packing were from H⋯C/C⋯H (20.9%), H⋯H (20.5%), H⋯Cl/Cl⋯H (19.4%), H⋯O/O⋯H (13.8%) and H⋯S/S⋯H (8.9%) interactions. Thus C–H⋯π (ring), π⋯π, van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding played the major roles in the crystal packing. The electronic structure and computed DFT (density functional theory) parameters identified the reactivity profile of compound (4). In silico binding of (4) with RNA indicated the formation of a stable protein–ligand complex via hydrogen bonding, while DNA docking studies inferred (4) as a potent groove binder. The experimentally observed hypochromic change (57.2%) in the UV-visible spectrum of (4) in the presence of varying DNA concentrations together with the evaluated binding parameters (K_b; 7.9 × 10⁴ M⁻¹, ΔG; −28.42 kJ mol⁻¹) indicated spontaneous interaction of (4) with DNA via groove binding and hence supported the findings obtained through docking analysis. This compound also showed excellent urease inhibition activity in both in silico and vitro studies with an IC₅₀ value of 0.0389 ± 0.0017 μM. However, the radical scavenging efficiency of (4) was found to be modest in comparison to vitamin C.

A new acyl thiourea derivative was explored for its binding interaction with RNR and DNA and for excellent urease inhibition activity.

Synthesis of New Thioureas Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Efficacy as Proliferation Inhibitors in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells by Using 99mTc-MIBI Radiotracer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Anti-tumor activity of some thioureas derivatives is well documented in literature and received considerable attention. The present study aims to synthesize and characterize some novel thioureas and carbonylthioureas as anti-tumor agents for MCF-7 breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Several 1-allyl-3-(substituted phenyl), N,N'-(phenylene) bis(3- allyldithithiourea) and 1-cyclopropanecarbonyl-3-(substituted phenyl)-thioureas derivatives were synthesized and confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy, NMR and ¹³C-NMR. Anti-tumor activity of these compounds was determined by various in vitro and in vivo assays including; MTT, tumor volume measurement as well as,^99mTc-MIBI tumor uptake in MCF-7 tumor bearing nude mice.

RESULTS

Among all of the synthesized compounds, some thioureas derivatives [3i] and [4b] at 100 nM concentration exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of MCF-7 cell in vitro. However, this inhibition was not observed in HUVEC human endothelial normal cells. In vivo anti-tumor effects of the synthesized compounds on MCF-7 xenograft mouse models demonstrated a reduction in the tumor volume for various concentrations between 2 to 10 mg/kg after 21 days. These effects were comparable with Tamoxifen as standard anti-estrogen drug. According to the ^99mTc-MIBI biodistribution result, treatment of MCF-7 bearing nude mice with both [3i] and [4b] compounds at the maximum concentration (10 mg/kg) can lead to a significant decrease of ^99mTc- MIBI tumor uptake.

CONCLUSION

Compounds [3i] and [4b] suppressed the growth of MCF-7 cells in the xenograft nude mice at the doses that were well-tolerated. Our study suggests that these new compounds with their significant anti-tumor effects, may serve as useful candidates for breast cancer therapy.

Synthesis, Antifungal Activity, and 3D-QSAR Study of Novel Nopol-Derived 1,3,4-Thiadiazole-Thiourea Compounds

A series of novel nopol derivatives bearing the 1,3,4-thiadiazole-thiourea moiety were designed and synthesized by multi-step reactions in search of potent natural product-based antifungal agents. Their structures were confirmed by FT-IR, NMR, ESI-MS, and elemental analysis. Antifungal activity of the target compounds was preliminarily evaluated by in vitro methods against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, Cercospora arachidicola, Physalospora piricola, Alternaria solani, Gibberella zeae, Rhizoeotnia solani, Bipolaris maydis, and Colleterichum orbicalare at 50 µg/mL. All the target compounds exhibited better antifungal activity against P. piricola, C. arachidicola, and A. solani. Compound 6j (R = m, p-Cl Ph) showed the best broad-spectrum antifungal activity against all the tested fungi. Compounds 6c (R = m-Me Ph), 6q (R = i-Pr), and 6i (R = p-Cl Ph) had inhibition rates of 86.1%, 86.1%, and 80.2%, respectively, against P. piricola, much better than that of the positive control chlorothalonil. Moreover, compounds 6h (R = m-Cl Ph) and 6n (R = o-CF₃ Ph) held inhibition rates of 80.6% and 79.0% against C. arachidicola and G. zeae, respectively, much better than that of the commercial fungicide chlorothalonil. In order to design more effective antifungal compounds against A. solani, analysis of the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) was carried out using the CoMFA method, and a reasonable and effective 3D-QSAR model (r² = 0.992, q² = 0.753) has been established. Furthermore, some intriguing structure-activity relationships were found and are discussed by theoretical calculation.

Novel structural hybrids of quinoline and thiazole moieties: Synthesis and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities with molecular modeling studies

One of the best ways to design new biocidal agents is synthesizing hybrid molecules by combining two or more bioactive moieties in a single molecular scaffold. So, new series of quinolines bearing a thiazole moiety were synthesized using thiosemicarbazones 2a-f. Cyclization of 2a-f with ethyl chloroacetate, ethyl 2-chloropropanoate or chloroacetone afforded the corresponding thiazoles 3-5. The antimicrobial activity of the new quinoline derivatives was evaluated. The most of tested compounds revealed potent both of the antibacterial and antifungal activities. Fourfold potency of amphotericin B for the inhibition the growth of the A. fumigatus was displayed by ccompound 5e. The latter compound displayed twofold potency of gentamycin for inhibition the growth of N. gonorrhoeae. Moreover, this compound showed equipotent potency of references drugs for inhibition of the growth of S. flexneri, S. pyogenes, P. vulgaris, A. clavatus, G. candidum and P. marneffei. So, quinolines bearing a thiazole moiety can be suggested as interesting scaffolds for the development both of the novel antibacterial and antifungal agents. Some new derivatives were studied as peptide deformylase enzyme inhibitors. Thiazolidin-4-one derivative 3d and 2,3-dihydrothiazole derivative 5c had shown good PDF inhibition activity, which had been supported by the docking results with highest binding affinity and lowest docking energy score. These results suggested that the most potent compounds might be possible agents as novel bacterial PDF inhibitor.

Synthetic Transition from Thiourea-Based Compounds to Tetrazole Derivatives: Structure and Biological Evaluation of Synthesized New N-(Furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-amine Derivatives

Twelve novel derivatives of N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1H-tetrazol-5-amine were synthesized. For obtained compound 8, its corresponding substrate single crystals were isolated and X-ray diffraction experiments were completed. In the initial stage of research, in silico structure-based pharmacological prediction was conducted. All compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antimycobacterial activities using standard and clinical strains. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines, in contrast to normal (HaCaT) cell lines, by using the MTT method. All examined derivatives were found to be noncytotoxic against normal cell lines. Within the studied group, compound 6 showed the most promising results in antimicrobial studies. It inhibited four hospital S. epidermidis rods' growth, when applied at the amount of 4 µg/mL. However, the most susceptible to the presence of compound 6 was S. epidermidis T 5501 851/19 clinical strain, for which the MIC value was only 2 µg/mL. Finally, a pharmacophore model was established based on lead compounds from this and our previous work.

Understanding the enzymatic inhibition of intestinal alkaline phosphatase by aminophenazone-derived aryl thioureas with aided computational molecular dynamics simulations: synthesis, characterization, SAR and kinetic profiling

The work presented in this paper aims toward the synthesis of aryl thiourea derivatives 4a-l of pyrazole based nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug named 4-aminophenazone, as potential inhibitors of intestinal alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The screening of synthesized target compounds 4a-l for unraveling the anti-inflammatory potential against calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase gives rise to lead member 4c possessing IC₅₀ value 0.420 ± 0.012 µM, many folds better than reference standard used (KH₂PO₄ IC₅₀ = 2.8 ± 0.06 µM and L-phenylalanine IC₅₀ = 100 ± 3.1 µM). SAR for unfolding the active site binding pocket interaction along with the mode of enzyme inhibition based on kinetic studies is carried out which showed non-competitive binding mode. The enzyme inhibition studies were further supplemented by molecular dynamic simulations for predicting the protein behavior against active inhibitors 4c and 4g during docking analysis. The preliminary toxicity of the synthesized compounds was determined by using brine shrimp assay. This work also includes detailed biochemical analysis along with RO5 parameters for all the newly synthesized drug derivatives 4a-l.

Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, antioxidant and computational evaluation of N-acyl-morpholine-4-carbothioamides

The present research paper reports the convenient synthesis, successful characterization, in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant potency and biocompatibility of N-acyl-morpholine-4-carbothioamides (5a-5j). The biocompatible derivatives were found to be highly active against the tested bacterial and fungal strains. Moreover, some of the screened N-acyl-morpholine-4-carbothioamides exhibited excellent antioxidant potential. Docking simulation provided additional information about possibilities of their inhibitory potential against RNA. It has been predicted by in silico investigation of the binding pattern that compounds 5a and 5j can serve as the potential surrogate for design of novel and potent antibacterial agents. The results for the in vitro bioassays were promising with the identification of compounds 5a and 5j as the lead and selective candidate for RNA inhibition. Results of the docking computations further ascertained the inhibitory potential of compound 5a. Based on the in silico studies, it can be suggested that compounds 5a and 5j can serve as a structural model for the design of antibacterial agents with better inhibitory potential. Binding mode of compound 5j inside the active site of RNA in 3D space. 5j displayed highest antibacterial potential than the reference drug ampicillin with ZOI 10.50 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. 5j also displayed highest antifungal potential than the reference drug amphotericin B with ZOI 18.20 mm against Fusarium solani.

4-Aminocoumarin based Aroylthioureas as Potential Jack Bean Urease Inhibitors; Synthesis, Enzyme Inhibitory Kinetics and Docking Studies

BACKGROUND

Urease enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and CO2, excess ammonia causes global warming and crop reduction. Ureases are also responsible for certain human diseases such as stomach cancer, peptic ulceration, pyelonephritis, and kidney stones. New urease inhibitors are developed to get rid of such problems.

OBJECTIVE

This article describes the synthesis of a series of novel 1-aroyl-3-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-4- yl)thiourea derivatives (5a-j) as Jack bean urease inhibitors.

METHODS

Freshly prepared aryl isothiocyanates were reacted with 4-aminocoumarin in the same pot in an anhydrous medium of acetone. The structures of the title thioureas (5a-j) were ascertained by their spectroscopic data. The inhibitory effects against jack bean urease were determined.

RESULTS

It was found that compounds 5i and 5j showed excellent activity with IC50 values 0.0065 and 0.0293, µM respectively. Compound 5i bearing 4-methyl substituted phenyl ring plays a vital role in enzyme inhibitory activity. The kinetic mechanism analyzed by Lineweavere-Burk plots revealed that compound 5i inhibits the enzyme non-competitively. The Michaelis-Menten constant Km and inhibition constants Ki calculated from Lineweavere-Burk plots for compound 5i are 4.155mM and 0.00032µM, respectively. The antioxidant activity results displayed that compound 5j showed excellent radical scavenging activity. The cytotoxic effects determined against brine shrimp assay showed that all of the synthesized compounds are non-toxic to shrimp larvae. Molecular docking studies were performed against target protein (PDBID 4H9M) and it was determined that most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good binding affinity with the target protein. Molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) results revealed that compound 5i forms a stable complex with target protein showing little fluctuation.

CONCLUSIONS

Based upon our investigations, it is proposed that 5i derivative may serve as a lead structure for devising more potent urease inhibitors.

Synthesis and anticancer activity of bis-benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl thiourea derivatives with molecular docking study

New thiourea derivatives incorporating two benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl moieties have been synthesized through the reaction of two molecules of benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl isothiocyanate with one molecule of various diamino derivatives. The synthesized compounds were examined for their cytotoxic effects using SRB assay on three cancer cell lines HepG2, HCT116 and MCF-7. Most of compounds showed significant antitumor activity and some compounds showed strong results greater than the reference drug. As example, IC₅₀ values of 1,1'-(1,4-phenylene)bis(3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)thiourea) 5 were 2.38 µM for HepG2, 1.54 µM for HCT116 and 4.52 µM for MCF7, while the IC₅₀ values of standard drug doxorubicin were 7.46, 8.29 and 4.56 µM, respectively. Interestingly, these compounds were non cytotoxic toward the tested normal cell line (IC₅₀ value > 150 µM). The anticancer mechanisms were studied via EGFR inhibition assessment, annexin V-FITC apoptosis assessment, cell cycle analysis and study the effect on mitochondrial apoptosis pathway proteins Bax and Bcl-2 as well as molecular docking studies.

Design, Synthesis, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Activities of Acridine Thiosemicarbazides Derivatives

Background: Acridine and thiourea derivatives are important compounds in medicinal chemistry due to their diverse biological properties including anticancer and antimicrobial effects. However, literature reveals some side effects associated with use of acridines. It is suggested that hybrid molecules may reduce the side effects and enhance the beneficial properties due to synergistic activity. The objectives of the present study are to synthesize and evaluate the anticancer and antimicrobial properties of new hybrids of acridine thiosemicarbazides derivatives. Results: The structures of the synthesized compounds 4a-4e were elucidated by MS and NMR spectra. In antimicrobial assay, Compound 4c exhibited potent antimicrobial activity compared to the other four compounds. In anticancer studies, we observed that compounds 4a, 4b, 4d and 4e exhibited high cytotoxicity against the MT-4 cell line, with IC50 values of 18.42 ± 1.18, 15.73 ± 0.90, 10.96 ± 0.62 and 11.63 ± 0.11 μM, respectively. The evaluation of anticancer effects, and the associated mechanism reveals that, the anticancer activities may be related to Topo I inhibitory activity, apoptosis and cell-cycle. Molecular docking studies revealed that the presence of planar naphtho-fused rings and a flexible thiourea group together, could improve DNA-intercalation and inhibition of DNA-Topo I activity. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the rational design of target derivatives as novel antimicrobial or antitumor leads is feasible.

Facile synthesis of magnetic disinfectant immobilized with silver ions for water pathogenic microorganism's deactivation

One-pot synthesis of a new magnetic disinfectant was achieved through the polymerization of thiourea and formaldehyde in the presence of magnetite nanoparticles (MTUF). The obtained magnetic chelating resin was loaded with Ag(I) ions. This material was tested as a disinfectant for water pathogenic microorganism's deactivation. The toxicity of MTUF before and after Ag(I) loading was estimated. The antimicrobial activity tests of MTUF-Ag were carried out against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as examples of Gram-negative bacteria; Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Bacillus subtilis as examples of Gram-positive bacteria; and Candida albicans as representative for fungi. The results showed that the minimum inhibitory dosage (MID) of MTF-Ag against Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and mixed culture were 1.5, 2.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively, after 40 min of contact time. While C. albicans was more resistant to the magnetic disinfectant, only three log reductions were done at 2.5 mg/mL. The studied MTUF-Ag was successfully tested for water and wastewater pathogenic microorganism's deactivation. It can be concluded that MTUF-Ag could be a good candidate for water disinfection.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of terminal functionalized thiourea-containing dipeptides as antitumor agents

Terminal functionalized dipeptide derivatives containing the thiourea moiety were synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity. Representative compoundI-11induced apoptosis by the ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum pathway in NCI-H460 cells.

New 1,3-diaryl-5-thioxo-imidazolidin-2,4-dione derivatives: synthesis, reactions and evaluation of antibacterial and antifungal activities

New cyanothioformamide derivative 1 was prepared by treatment of 3,5-dichlorophenyl isothiocyanate with potassium cyanide at room temperature. Cycloaddition of cyanothioformamide 1 with phenyl isocyanate as electrophile furnished the corresponding imidazolidine 2. Imine hydrolysis of 2 with ethanolic HCl produced the corresponding 4-thioxo-2,5-imidazolidinedione 3. This compound was used as key synthon for the preparation of a wide variety of new substituted imidazole compounds. Condensation of 3 with different types of hydrazine derivatives furnished new series of hydrazone 4a, b, thiosemicarbazone 5a, b and cyanoacetohydrazide 6 derivatives incorporating imidazolidine moiety. Finally, cyanoacetohydrazide 6 was used as intermediate for synthesizing new compounds. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activities for the synthesized compounds was carried out to probe their activities. Most of the tested compounds showed significant activities. The dione derivative 3 and the imidazolidine derivative 9a, which incorporates a chromene moiety, exhibited high activity near the reference drug against all tested organisms.

New Imidazolidineiminothione, Imidazolidin-2-one and Imidazoquinoxaline Derivatives: Synthesis and Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities

A series of new 5-imino-4-thioxo-2-imidazolidinone derivatives 3 with various halogenated and alkylated aromatic substituents at N1 and N3 was synthesized. Imidazolidineiminothione derivatives 3 were prepared from the reaction of N-arylcyanothioformamide derivatives with aryl isocyanates. These compounds were used as key synthons for the preparation of wide variety of new substituted imidazole compounds. Imine hydrolysis of 3 with ethanolic HCl produced the corresponding 4-thioxo-2,5-imidazolidindiones 4. Condensation of 3 with benzophenonhydrazone furnished the corresponding 4-azine derivatives 5. Monohydrazono and dihydrazono derivatives 6 and 8 were obtained upon treatment of imidazolidinone derivatives 3 with hydrazine hydrate. Finally, imidazolidinones 3 were reacted with o-phenylenediamines or pyrazol-5(4H)-ones and afforded the corresponding imidazoquinoxaline and imidazolidin-4-ylidenepyrazolone-5(4H)-one derivatives 11 and 12, respectively. Evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activities for the synthesized compounds was carried out to probe their activities. Most of the tested compounds showed significant activities. The best antimicrobial activity was observed for 1-(3-ethoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]quinoxalin-2(3H)-ones (11c) followed by 5-imino-3-(3-methoxy- phenyl)-1-phenyl-4-thioxoimidazolidin-2-one (3f).