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Michael S, Jeyaraman P, Marimuthu B, Rajamanikam R, Thanasamy R, Arunsunai Kumar K, Mitu L, Raman N. Pharmaceutical manifestation of Knoevenagel condensed metal (II) complexes through virtual, in vitro and in vivo assessments. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38189286 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2301059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Sulphur containing compounds possess a great deal of interest due to wide range of beneficial activities towards biotic species. This work also deals with the study of biological examination of newly synthesized sulphur containing Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes derived from (E)-4-(phenylimino)-3-((E)-1-(phenylimino)ethyl)pent-2-ene-1-thiol Schiff bases. Moreover, the DNA nuclease efficiency of the synthesized metal complexes is studied by UV absorption studies, Fluorescence studies, Viscosity and CV titrations which confirm the intercalative mode of binding. Pharmacokinetic studies and drug like activity of these compounds are screened with the help of SWISS ADME online freeware. Their morphological nature is corroborated by various spectral techniques. Optimized geometry and biologically accessible nature of the synthesized compounds are investigated by Gaussian 09 W software. Interestingly, molecular docking studies are carried out against cancer DNA and 6J10 cancer cell. Anti-inflammatory and in vitro antioxidant activities have been studied to validate the theoretical prediction. Based on these preliminary pharmacological activities, the in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activities are examined using MCF-7, HeLa, Hep-2, HepG-2 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cell lines. All the above examinations reveal that the nitro substituted transition metal complexes possess higher biological bustle.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Michael
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhungar, India
- Department of Chemistry, PSR Engineering College, Sivakasi, India
| | - Porkodi Jeyaraman
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, The Standard Fireworks Rajaratnam College for Women (Autonomous), Sivakasi, India
| | | | | | - Radha Thanasamy
- Department of Chemistry, Saiva Bhanu Kshatriya College, Aruppukottai, India
| | | | - Liviu Mitu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania
| | - Natarajan Raman
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhungar, India
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Yusuf TL, Akintayo DC, Oladipo SD, Adeleke AA, Olofinsan K, Vatsha B, Mabuba N. The effect of structural configuration on the DNA binding and in vitro antioxidant properties of new copper( ii) N 2O 2 Schiff base complexes. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA interaction with cis and trans-copper NO complexes favours the cis configuration due to low energies observed in the cis configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunde Lewis Yusuf
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. BOX 17011, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Damilola Caleb Akintayo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Segun Daniel Oladipo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, PMB 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | | | - Kolawole Olofinsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Banele Vatsha
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. BOX 17011, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nonhlagabezo Mabuba
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, P.O. BOX 17011, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
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Samuel M, Raman N. Comprehensive biological evaluation (DNA-binding, cleavage, and antimicrobial activity) of β-diketimine Schiff base ligands and their Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2021.1931848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Samuel
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, India
| | - N. Raman
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar, India
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Eliwa EM, Frese M, Halawa AH, Soltan MM, Ponomareva LV, Thorson JS, Shaaban KA, Shaaban M, El-Agrody AM, Sewald N. Metal-free domino amination-Knoevenagel condensation approach to access new coumarins as potent nanomolar inhibitors of VEGFR-2 and EGFR. GREEN CHEMISTRY LETTERS AND REVIEWS 2021; 14:578-599. [PMID: 35821884 PMCID: PMC9273165 DOI: 10.1080/17518253.2021.1981462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A metal-free, atom-economy and simple work-up domino amination-Knoevenagel condensation approach to construct new coumarin analogous (4a-f and 8a-e) was described. Further, new formyl (5a,d-f) and nitro (9a,d-f) coumarin derivatives were synthesized via C-N coupling reaction of various cyclic secondary amines and 4-chloro-3-(formyl-/nitro)coumarins (1a,c), respectively. The confirmed compounds were screened for their in vitro anti-proliferative activity against KB-3-1, A549 and PC3 human cancer cell lines using resazurin cellular-based assay. Among them, coumarin derivatives 4e and 8e displayed the best anti-cervical cancer potency (KB-3-1) with IC50 values of 15.5 ± 3.54 and 21 ± 4.24 μM, respectively. Also, 4e showed the most promising cytotoxicity toward A549 with IC50 value of 12.94 ± 1.51 μM. As well, 9d presented a more significant impact of potency against PC3 with IC50 7.31 ± 0.48 μM. Moreover, 8d manifested selectivity against PC3 (IC50 = 20.16 ± 0.07 μM), while 8e was selective toward KB-3-1 cell line (IC50 = 21 ± 4.24 μM). Matching with docking profile, the enzymatic assay divulged that 8e is a dual potent single-digit nanomolar inhibitor of VEGFR-2 and EGFR with IC50 values of 24.67 nM and 31.6 nM that were almost equipotent to sorafenib (31.08 nM) and erlotinib (26.79 nM), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Eliwa
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marcel Frese
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ahmed H. Halawa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha M. Soltan
- Biology Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre Cairo, Egypt
| | - Larissa V. Ponomareva
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Jon S. Thorson
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Khaled A. Shaaban
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - Mohamed Shaaban
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, Dokki-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Agrody
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City-Cairo, Egypt
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Koszelewski D, Ostaszewski R. Enzyme Promiscuity as a Remedy for the Common Problems with Knoevenagel Condensation. Chemistry 2019; 25:10156-10164. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koszelewski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Ryszard Ostaszewski
- Institute of Organic ChemistryPolish Academy of Sciences Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Sakthikumar K, Dhaveethu Raja J, Vijay Solomon R, Sankarganesh M. Density functional theory molecular modelling, DNA interactions, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer and biothermodynamic studies of bioactive water soluble mixed ligand complexes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:2498-2514. [PMID: 30051751 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1492970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of bioactive water soluble mixed ligand complexes (1-5) [MII(L)(phen)AcO]. nH2O {where M = Cu (1) n = 2; Co (2), Mn (3), Ni (4), n = 4 and Zn (5) n = 2} were synthesized from 2-(2-Morpholinoethylimino) methyl)phenol Schiff base ligand (LH), 1, 10-phenanthroline and metal(II) acetate salt in a 1:1:1 stoichiometric ratio and characterized by several spectral techniques. The obtained analytical and spectral data suggest the octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. Density functional theory calculations have been further supportive to explore the optimized structure and chemical reactivity of these complexes from their frontier molecular orbitals. Gel electrophoresis result indicates that complex (1) manifested an excellent DNA cleavage property than others. The observed binding constants with free energy changes by electronic absorption technique and DNA binding affinity values by viscosity measurements for all compounds were found in the following order (1) > (2) > (4) > (5) > (3) > (LH). The binding results and thermodynamic parameters are described the intercalation mode. In vitro antioxidant properties disclose that complex (1) divulges high scavenging activity against DPPH•, •OH, O2-• NO•, and Fe3+. The antimicrobial reports illustrate that the complexes (1-5) were exhibited well defined inhibitory effect than ligand (LH) against the selected different pathogenic species. The observed percentage growth inhibition against A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and NHDF cell lines suggest that complex (1) has exhibited superior anticancer potency than others. Thus, the complex (1) may contribute as potential anticancer agent due to its unique interaction mode with DNA.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karunganathan Sakthikumar
- a Mohamed Sathak Engineering College , Chemistry Research Centre , Kilakarai , Ramanathapuram , Tamilnadu , 623 806 , India
| | - Jeyaraj Dhaveethu Raja
- a Mohamed Sathak Engineering College , Chemistry Research Centre , Kilakarai , Ramanathapuram , Tamilnadu , 623 806 , India
| | - Rajadurai Vijay Solomon
- b Department of Chemistry , Madras Christian College (Autonomous) , Tambaram East , Chennai , Tamil Nadu , 600 059 , India
| | - Murugesan Sankarganesh
- a Mohamed Sathak Engineering College , Chemistry Research Centre , Kilakarai , Ramanathapuram , Tamilnadu , 623 806 , India
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McGivern T, Afsharpour S, Marmion C. Copper complexes as artificial DNA metallonucleases: From Sigman’s reagent to next generation anti-cancer agent? Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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8
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Vieira AP, Wegermann CA, Da Costa Ferreira AM. Comparative studies of Schiff base-copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes regarding their DNA binding ability and cytotoxicity against sarcoma cells. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04799a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Schiff base-copper(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes were prepared and characterized, and their binding ability to DNA and cytotoxicity against healthy and carcinogenic cells were studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pires Vieira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Camila Anchau Wegermann
- Departamento de Química Fundamental
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Paulo
- Brazil
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9
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In vitro and in vivo anti-proliferative evaluation of bis(4′-(4-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine)copper(II) complex against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma tumors. J Biol Inorg Chem 2017; 22:1109-1122. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-017-1488-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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10
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Paulpandiyan R, Arunadevi A, Raman N. Role of Knoevenagel condensate pyrazolone derivative Schiff base ligated transition metal complexes in biological assay and cytotoxic efficacy. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alagarraj Arunadevi
- Research Department of ChemistryVHNSN College Virudhunagar 626 001 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Natarajan Raman
- Research Department of ChemistryVHNSN College Virudhunagar 626 001 Tamil Nadu India
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11
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Adiguzel Z, Ozalp-Yaman S, Celik G, Salem S, Bagci-Onder T, Senbabaoglu F, Cetin Y, Acilan C. A platinum blue complex exerts its cytotoxic activity via DNA damage and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:210-224. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelal Adiguzel
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; Gebze/Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Seniz Ozalp-Yaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Atilim University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Gokalp Celik
- Sentegen Biotech, Bilkent Cyberpark; Çankaya/Ankara Turkey
| | - Safia Salem
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry; Faculty of Engineering; Atilim University; Ankara Turkey
| | | | | | - Yüksel Cetin
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; Gebze/Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Ceyda Acilan
- TUBITAK, Marmara Research Center; Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute; Gebze/Kocaeli Turkey
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12
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Effective DNA binding and cleaving tendencies of malonic acid coupled transition metal complexes. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Mohanraj M, Ayyannan G, Raja G, Jayabalakrishnan C. Synthesis, characterization and in vitro
biological assays of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes with furan-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maruthachalam Mohanraj
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ganesan Ayyannan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gunasekaran Raja
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnasamy Jayabalakrishnan
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
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Mohanraj M, Ayyannan G, Raja G, Jayabalakrishnan C. Ruthenium(II) complexes containing 4-methoxybenzhydrazone ligands: synthesis, characterization, DNA binding, DNA cleavage, radical scavenging andin vitrocytotoxic activity. Appl Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maruthachalam Mohanraj
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ganesan Ayyannan
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gunasekaran Raja
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Chinnasamy Jayabalakrishnan
- Post-Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry; Sri Ramakrishna Mission Vidyalaya College of Arts and Science; Coimbatore 641 020 Tamil Nadu India
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Targeting protein kinase and DNA molecules by diimine–phthalate complexes in antiproliferative activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 79:837-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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16
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A mononuclear Cu(II) complex with 5,6-diphenyl-3-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA- and BSA-binding, molecular modeling, and anticancer activity against MCF-7, A-549, and HT-29 cell lines. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 96:66-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Muniyandi V, Pravin N, Mitu L, Raman N. Synthesis, structural characterization, in-vitro antibiogram assay and efficient catalytic activities of transition metal(II) chelates incorporating (E)-(2-((2-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone ligand. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Copper(II) and platinum(II) compounds with pyrene-appended dipicolylamine ligand: syntheses, crystal structures and biological evaluation. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-015-0473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Yuan Z, Shen X, Huang J. Syntheses, crystal structures and antimicrobial activities of Cu(ii), Ru(ii), and Pt(ii) compounds with an anthracene-containing tripodal ligand. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra09168j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three new Cu(ii), Ru(ii), and Pt(ii) compounds of an anthracene-containing tripodal ligand were synthesized. Their crystal structures was determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction method and their antimicrobial activities were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeli Yuan
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
- School of Pharmacy
| | - Xiaomin Shen
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
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Pravin N, Raman N. Investigation of in vitro anticancer and DNA strap interactions in live cells using carboplatin type Cu(II) and Zn(II) metalloinsertors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 85:675-87. [PMID: 25128669 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of carboplatin type Cu(II) and Zn(II) metalloinsertors (1-8) having β-diketone analogues and biologically significant cyclobutane-1,1-dicarboxylic acid have been synthesized and characterized by spectral and analytical methods. The binding and cleavage propensity of these metalloinsertors on DNA and their cytotoxic effects in live cells have been explored. From the gel electrophoresis study, it is observed that the complexes 1-8 cleave pBR322 DNA via a hydrolytic mechanism induced by hydroxyl radical scavengers, DMSO and EtOH as the reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vivo antitumor efficacy has been studied on EAC tumor bearing mice which is assessed by mean survival time, effect on hematological parameters and solid tumor volume. The results strongly support that complex 1 shows potent antitumor effect against EAC and higher than the standard drug carboplatin. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the complexes, screened on a panel of human cancerous cell lines viz., human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7), human laryngeal epithelial carcinoma cells (HEp-2), human liver carcinoma cells (Hep G2) and non-cancerous NIH 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts cell lines, reveals that complex 1 exhibits a better anticancer activity than other complexes and standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natarajan Raman
- Research Department of Chemistry, VHNSN College, Virudhunagar 626 001, India.
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