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Wu YR, Tang JQ, Zhang WN, Zhuang CL, Shi Y. Rational drug design of CB2 receptor ligands: from 2012 to 2021. RSC Adv 2022; 12:35242-35259. [PMID: 36540233 PMCID: PMC9730932 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05661e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptors belong to the large family of G-protein-coupled receptors, which can be divided into two receptor types, cannabinoid receptor type-1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor type-2 (CB2). Marinol, Cesamet and Sativex are marketed CB1 drugs which are still in use and work well, but the central nervous system side effects caused by activation CB1, which limited the development of CB1 ligands. So far, no selective CB2 ligand has been approved for marketing, but lots of its ligands in the clinical stage and pre-clinical stage have positive effects on the treatment of some disease models and have great potential for development. Most selective CB2 agonists are designed and synthesized based on non-selective CB2 agonists through the classical med-chem strategies, e.g. molecular hybridization, scaffold hopping, bioisosterism, etc. During these processes, the balance between selectivity, activity, and pharmacokinetic properties needs to be achieved. Hence, we summarized some reported ligands on the basis of the optimization strategies in recent 10 years, and the limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ran Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University 1160 Shengli Street Yinchuan 750004 China
| | - Jia-Qin Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University 1160 Shengli Street Yinchuan 750004 China
| | - Wan-Nian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University 1160 Shengli Street Yinchuan 750004 China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Chun-Lin Zhuang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University 1160 Shengli Street Yinchuan 750004 China
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University 325 Guohe Road Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Ying Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University 1160 Shengli Street Yinchuan 750004 China
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2
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Dallemagne P, Zipfel P, Lalut J, Sopková-de Oliveira Santos J, Rochais C. Aminothiaindanone as an Accessible Scaffold for a Three-Point Chemical Diversity. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1523-1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAminothiaindanone heterocycle appears to be a scaffold of interest in medicinal chemistry. To increase the chemical diversity in this series, the introduction of three-point chemical diversity on the cyclopenta[b]thiophen-4-one scaffold was explored. About thirty newly functionalized thiophene-containing bicycles were obtained using various chemical reactions, paving the way for novel possibilities in medicinal chemistry projects.
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3
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Tricyclic Pyrazole-Based Compounds as Useful Scaffolds for Cannabinoid CB 1/CB 2 Receptor Interaction. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082126. [PMID: 33917187 PMCID: PMC8068016 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids comprise different classes of compounds, which aroused interest in recent years because of their several pharmacological properties. Such properties include analgesic activity, bodyweight reduction, the antiemetic effect, the reduction of intraocular pressure and many others, which appear correlated to the affinity of cannabinoids towards CB1 and/or CB2 receptors. Within the search aiming to identify novel chemical scaffolds for cannabinoid receptor interaction, the CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist pyrazole-based derivative rimonabant has been modified, giving rise to several tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, most of which endowed of high affinity and selectivity for CB1 or CB2 receptors. The aim of this review is to present the synthesis and summarize the SAR study of such tricyclic pyrazole-based compounds, evidencing, for some derivatives, their potential in the treatment of neuropathic pain, obesity or in the management of glaucoma.
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4
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Filatov M, Paolino M, Min SK, Choi CH. Design and photoisomerization dynamics of a new family of synthetic 2-stroke light driven molecular rotary motors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5247-5250. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc01955c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic 2-stroke light driven molecular rotary motors with ultrafast function and high quantum efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Filatov
- Department of Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
| | - Marco Paolino
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie
- Chimica e Farmacia (Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022)
- Università di Siena
- 53100 Siena
- Italy
| | - Seung Kyu Min
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology
- Ulsan 44919
- South Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Choi
- Department of Chemistry
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 702-701
- South Korea
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5
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Asproni B, Manca I, Pinna G, Cichero E, Fossa P, Murineddu G, Lazzari P, Loriga G, Pinna GA. Novel pyrrolocycloalkylpyrazole analogues as CB 1 ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 91:181-193. [PMID: 28675787 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1,4-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-a]pyrrolizine-, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-g]indolizine- and 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyrrolo[1,2-a]azepine-3-carboxamide-based compounds were designed and synthesized for cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptor interactions. Any of the new synthesized compounds showed high affinity for CB2 receptor with Ki values superior to 314 nm, whereas some of them showed moderate affinity for CB1 receptor with Ki values inferior to 400 nm. 7-Chloro-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(homopiperidin-1-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-g]indolizine-3-carboxamide (2j) exhibited good affinity for CB1 receptor (Ki CB1 = 81 nm) and the highest CB2 /CB1 selectively ratio (>12). Docking studies carried out on such compounds were performed using the hCB1 X-ray in complex with the close pyrazole analogue AM6538 and disclosed specific pattern of interactions related to the tricyclic pyrrolopyrazole scaffolds as CB1 ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Battistina Asproni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giansalvo Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Loriga
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, UOS Cagliari, Pula, CA, Italy
| | - Gérard A Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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6
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Ragusa G, Gómez-Cañas M, Morales P, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Pazos MR, Asproni B, Cichero E, Fossa P, Pinna GA, Jagerovic N, Fernández-Ruiz J, Murineddu G. New pyridazinone-4-carboxamides as new cannabinoid receptor type-2 inverse agonists: Synthesis, pharmacological data and molecular docking. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 127:398-412. [PMID: 28088085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) selective ligands have shown a great potential as novel therapeutic drugs in several diseases. With the aim of discovering new selective cannabinoid ligands, a series of pyridazinone-4-carboxamides was designed and synthesized, and the new derivatives tested for their affinity toward the hCB1R and hCB2R. The 6-(4-chloro-3-methylphenyl)-2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-N-(cis-4-methylcyclohexyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine-4-carboxamide (9) displayed high CB2-affinity (KiCB2 = 2.0 ± 0.81 nM) and a notable selectivity (KiCB1/KiCB2 > 2000). In addition, 9 and other active new synthesized entities have demonstrated to behave as CB2R inverse agonists in [35S]-GTPγS binding assay. ADME predictions of the newly synthesized CB2R ligands suggest a favourable pharmacokinetic profile. Docking studies disclosed the specific pattern of interactions of these derivatives. Our results support that pyridazinone-4-carboxamides represent a new promising scaffold for the development of potent and selective CB2R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Ragusa
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - María Gómez-Cañas
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Cueto
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - María R Pazos
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gerard A Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, Calle Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Fernández-Ruiz
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, 28040, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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7
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Dore A, Asproni B, Scampuddu A, Gessi S, Murineddu G, Cichero E, Fossa P, Merighi S, Bencivenni S, Pinna GA. Synthesis, molecular modeling and SAR study of novel pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridines as CB 2 receptor antagonists/inverse agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5291-5301. [PMID: 27624523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-carboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the affinity at CB1 and CB2 receptors. Based on the AgOTf and proline-cocatalyzed multicomponent methodology, the ethyl 5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (12) and ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxylate (13) intermediates were synthesized from the appropriate o-alkynylaldehydes, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide and ethyl pyruvate. Most of the novel compounds feature a p-tolyl (8a-i) or a 2,4-dichlorophenyl (8j) motif at the C5-position of the tricyclic pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold. Structural variation on the carboxamide moiety at the C2-position includes basic monocyclic, terpenoid and adamantine-based amines. Among these derivatives, compound 8h (N-adamant-1-yl-5-(p-tolyl)pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine-2-carboxamide) exhibited the highest CB2 receptor affinity (Ki=33nM) and a high degree of selectivity (KiCB1/KiCB2=173:1), whereas a similar trend in the near nM range was seen for the bornyl analogue (compound 8f, Ki=53nM) and the myrtanyl derivative 8j (Ki=67nM). Effects of 8h, 8f and 8j on forskolin-stimulated cAMP levels were determined, showing antagonist/inverse agonist properties for such compounds. Docking studies conducted for these derivatives and the reference antagonist/inverse agonist compound 4 (SR144528) disclosed the specific pattern of interactions probably related to the pyrazolo[5,1-f][1,6]naphthyridine scaffold as CB2 inverse agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dore
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Battistina Asproni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessia Scampuddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Elena Cichero
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Paola Fossa
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Genova, Viale Benedetto XV n. 3, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Serena Bencivenni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara, 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gérard A Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/a, 07100 Sassari, Italy
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8
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Lazzari P, Distinto R, Manca I, Baillie G, Murineddu G, Pira M, Falzoi M, Sani M, Morales P, Ross R, Zanda M, Jagerovic N, Pinna GA. A critical review of both the synthesis approach and the receptor profile of the 8-chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide and analogue derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:194-208. [PMID: 27240274 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
8-Chloro-1-(2',4'-dichlorophenyl)-N-piperidin-1-yl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamide 9a was discovered as potent and selective CB1 antagonist by part of our group few years ago. In particular it was reported to have an affinity towards the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), expressed as Ki, of 0.00035 nM. Nevertheless significantly divergent data were reported for the same compound from other laboratories. To unequivocally define the receptor profile of 9a, we have critically reviewed both its synthesis approach and binding data. Here we report that, in contrast to our previously reported data, 9a showed a Ki value for CB1R in the order of nanomolar rather than of fentomolar range. The new determined receptor profile of 9a was also ascertained for analogue derivatives 9b-i, as well as for 12. Moreover, the structural features of the synthesized compounds necessary for CB1R were investigated. Amongst the novel series, effects on CB1R intrinsic activity was highlighted due to the substituents at the position 3 of the pyrazole ring of the 1,4,5,6-tetrahydrobenzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2-c]pyrazole scaffold. Although the cannabinoid receptor profile of 9a was reviewed in this work, the relevance of this compound in CB1R antagonist based drug discovery is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Lazzari
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy.
| | - Rita Distinto
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Ilaria Manca
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Gemma Baillie
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gabriele Murineddu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Marilena Pira
- Neuroscienze PharmaNess S.c.a r.l., Edificio 5, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010, Pula, CA, Italy; Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK
| | - Matteo Falzoi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Lab. Genetica, Università di Cagliari, Via T.Fiorelli 1, 09126 Cagliari, CA, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- KemoTech Srl, Edificio 3, Loc. Piscinamanna, 09010 Pula, CA, Italy; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Paula Morales
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Ross
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matteo Zanda
- Kosterlitz Centre for Therapeutics, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, Scotland, UK; C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, Via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadine Jagerovic
- Instituto de Química Médica, CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gérard Aimè Pinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, Università di Sassari, Via F. Muroni 23/A, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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9
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Bianchi L, Carloni-Garaventa A, Maccagno M, Pani M, Petrillo G, Scapolla C, Tavani C. Synthesis of poly-functionalized pyrazoles and pyridazines from nitrobutadienes: an interesting dichotomy of practical relevance. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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