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Reddyrajula R, Etikyala U, Manga V, Kumar Dalimba U. Discovery of 1,2,3-triazole incorporated indole-piperazines as potent antitubercular agents: Design, synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, molecular docking and ADME studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117562. [PMID: 38184947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
In this report, a library consisting of three sets of indole-piperazine derivatives was designed through the molecular hybridization approach. In total, fifty new hybrid compounds (T1-T50) were synthesized and screened for antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain (ATCC-27294). Five (T36, T43, T44, T48 and T49) among fifty compounds exhibited significant inhibitory potency with the MIC of 1.6 µg/mL, which is twofold more potent than the standard first-line TB drug Pyrazinamide and equipotent with Isoniazid. N-1,2,3-triazolyl indole-piperazine derivatives displayed improved inhibition activity as compared to the simple and N-benzyl indole-piperazine derivatives. In addition, the observed activity profile of indole-piperazines was similar to standard anti-TB drugs (isoniazid and pyrazinamide) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, demonstrating the compounds' selectivity towards the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain. All the active anti-TB compounds are proved to be non-toxic (with IC50 > 300 μg/mL) as verified through the toxicity evaluation against VERO cell lines. Additionally, molecular docking studies against two target enzymes (Inh A and CYP121) were performed to validate the activity profile of indole-piperazine derivatives. Further, in silico-ADME prediction and pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that these compounds have good oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkumar Reddyrajula
- Central Research facility, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India
| | - Umadevi Etikyala
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Vijjulatha Manga
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500076, India
| | - Udaya Kumar Dalimba
- Organic and Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangalore 575025, India.
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2
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Ostroumova OS, Efimova SS. Lipid-Centric Approaches in Combating Infectious Diseases: Antibacterials, Antifungals and Antivirals with Lipid-Associated Mechanisms of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1716. [PMID: 38136750 PMCID: PMC10741038 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the global challenges of the 21st century is the increase in mortality from infectious diseases against the backdrop of the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic microorganisms. In this regard, it is worth targeting antibacterials towards the membranes of pathogens that are quite conservative and not amenable to elimination. This review is an attempt to critically analyze the possibilities of targeting antimicrobial agents towards enzymes involved in pathogen lipid biosynthesis or towards bacterial, fungal, and viral lipid membranes, to increase the permeability via pore formation and to modulate the membranes' properties in a manner that makes them incompatible with the pathogen's life cycle. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each approach in the search for highly effective but nontoxic antimicrobial agents. Examples of compounds with a proven molecular mechanism of action are presented, and the types of the most promising pharmacophores for further research and the improvement of the characteristics of antibiotics are discussed. The strategies that pathogens use for survival in terms of modulating the lipid composition and physical properties of the membrane, achieving a balance between resistance to antibiotics and the ability to facilitate all necessary transport and signaling processes, are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga S. Ostroumova
- Laboratory of Membrane and Ion Channel Modeling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
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Hopf FSM, Roth CD, de Souza EV, Galina L, Czeczot AM, Machado P, Basso LA, Bizarro CV. Bacterial Enoyl-Reductases: The Ever-Growing List of Fabs, Their Mechanisms and Inhibition. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891610. [PMID: 35814645 PMCID: PMC9260719 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enoyl-ACP reductases (ENRs) are enzymes that catalyze the last step of the elongation cycle during fatty acid synthesis. In recent years, new bacterial ENR types were discovered, some of them with structures and mechanisms that differ from the canonical bacterial FabI enzymes. Here, we briefly review the diversity of structural and catalytic properties of the canonical FabI and the new FabK, FabV, FabL, and novel ENRs identified in a soil metagenome study. We also highlight recent efforts to use the newly discovered Fabs as targets for drug development and consider the complex evolutionary history of this diverse set of bacterial ENRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S. M. Hopf
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Candida D. Roth
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo V. de Souza
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiza Galina
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexia M. Czeczot
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pablo Machado
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Ciências da Saúde, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristiano V. Bizarro
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF) and Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Cristiano V. Bizarro,
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Docking-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Quercetin Analogs as Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA) Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89020020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) has become a major problem in treating tuberculosis (TB) and shows the need to develop new and efficient drugs for better TB control. This study aimed to use in silico techniques to discover potential inhibitors to the Enoyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase (InhA), which controls mycobacterial cell wall construction. Initially, 391 quercetin analogs present in the KNApSAck_3D database were selected, filters were sequentially applied by docking-based virtual screening. After recategorizing the variables (bond energy prediction and molecular interaction, including hydrogen bond and hydrophobic bond), compounds C00013874, C00006532, and C00013887 were selected as hit ligands. These compounds showed great hydrophobic contributions, and for each hit ligand, 100 ns of molecular dynamic simulations were performed, and the binding free energy was calculated. C00013874 demonstrated the greatest capacity for the InhA enzyme inhibition with ΔGbind = −148.651 kcal/mol compare to NAD (native ligand) presented a ΔGbind = −87.570 kcal/mol. These data are preliminary studies and might be a suitable candidate for further experimental analysis.
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5
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Girase PS, Dhawan S, Kumar V, Shinde SR, Palkar MB, Karpoormath R. An appraisal of anti-mycobacterial activity with structure-activity relationship of piperazine and its analogues: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112967. [PMID: 33190957 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine, is privileged six membered nitrogen containing heterocyclic ring also known as 1,4-Diazacyclohexane. Consequently, piperazine is a versatile medicinally important scaffold and is an essential core in numerous marketed drugs with diverse pharmacological activities. In recent years several potent molecules containing piperazine as an essential subunit of the structural frame have been reported, especially against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Remarkably, a good number of these reported molecules also displayed potential activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR), and extremely drug-resistant (XDR) strains of MTB. In this review, we have made a concerted effort to retrace anti-mycobacterial compounds for the past five decades (1971-2019) specifically where piperazine has been used as a vital building block. This review will benefit medicinal chemists as it elaborates on the design, rationale and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of the reported potent piperazine based anti-TB molecules, which in turn will assist them in addressing the gaps, exploiting the reported strategies and developing safer, selective, and cost-effective anti-mycobacterial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj S Girase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sanjeev Dhawan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Suraj R Shinde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahesh B Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, K.L.E. College of Pharmacy (Constituent Unit of KAHER), Vidyanagar, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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Rana P, Ghouse SM, Akunuri R, Madhavi YV, Chopra S, Nanduri S. FabI (enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase) - A potential broad spectrum therapeutic target and its inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112757. [PMID: 32883635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Development of new anti-bacterial agents acting upon underexploited targets and thus evading known mechanisms of resistance is the need of the hour. The highly conserved and distinct bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis pathway (FAS-II), presents a validated and yet relatively underexploited target for drug discovery. FabI and its isoforms (FabL, FabK, FabV and InhA) are essential enoyl-ACP reductases present in several microorganisms. In addition, the components of the FAS-II pathway are distinct from the multi-enzyme FAS-I complex found in mammals. Thus, inhibition of FabI and its isoforms is anticipated to result in broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Several research groups from industry and academic laboratories have devoted significant efforts to develop effective FabI-targeting antibiotics, which are currently in various stages of clinical development for the treatment of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. This review summarizes all the natural as well as synthetic inhibitors of gram-positive and gram-negative enoyl ACP reductases (FabI). The knowledge of the reported inhibitors can aid in the development of broad-spectrum antibacterials specifically targeting FabI enzymes from S. aureus, S. epidermidis, B. anthracis, B. cereus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, P. falciparum and M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Rana
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Shaik Mahammad Ghouse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Ravikumar Akunuri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Y V Madhavi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India
| | - Sidharth Chopra
- Division of Microbiology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Sector 10, Janakipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226 031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Srinivas Nanduri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500 037, India.
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Taira J, Umei T, Inoue K, Kitamura M, Berenger F, Sacchettini JC, Sakamoto H, Aoki S. Improvement of the novel inhibitor for Mycobacterium enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA): a structure-activity relationship study of KES4 assisted by in silico structure-based drug screening. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2020; 73:372-381. [PMID: 32152525 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-020-0293-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
InhA or enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtInhA), which controls mycobacterial cell wall construction, has been targeted in the development of antituberculosis drugs. Previously, our in silico structure-based drug screening study identified a novel class of compounds (designated KES4), which is capable of inhibiting the enzymatic activity of mtInhA, as well as mycobacterial growth. The compounds are composed of four ring structures (A-D), and the MD simulation predicted specific interactions with mtInhA of the D-ring and methylene group between the B-ring and C-ring; however, there is still room for improvement in the A-ring structure. In this study, a structure-activity relationship study of the A-ring was attempted with the assistance of in silico docking simulations. In brief, the virtual chemical library of A-ring-modified KES4 was constructed and subjected to in silico docking simulation against mtInhA using the GOLD program. Among the selected candidates, we achieved synthesis of seven compounds, and the bioactivities (effects on InhA activity and mycobacterial growth and cytotoxicity) of the synthesized molecules were evaluated. Among the compounds tested, two candidates (compounds 3d and 3f) exhibited superior properties as mtInhA-targeted anti-infectives for mycobacteria than the lead compound KES4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Taira
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Umei
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Keitaro Inoue
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kitamura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata, Kitakyushu, 804-8550, Japan
| | - Francois Berenger
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - James C Sacchettini
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-2128, USA
| | - Hiroshi Sakamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Aoki
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, 820-8502, Japan.
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Gao H, Liu B, Zhu P, Zhang LJ, Wan CP, Rao GX, Mao ZW. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Piperazine Substituted 3, 5-Diarylisoxazolines. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:294-302. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666181203121031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim and Objective:
Isoxazolines are an important class of nitrogen and oxygen-containing heterocycles,
which have gained much importance as the potential biological agents. In order to study structureactivity
relationships of isoxazolines, this work has been conducted.
Materials and Methods:
A series of new piperazine substituted 3, 5-diarylisoxazoline derivatives (6-31) were
designed and synthesized, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated
RAW-264.7 macrophages and anticancer effect against a panel of human tumor cell lines (Hela, A549 and
SGC7901) by MTT assay were evaluated.
Results:
The substituents of the NH group of piperazine ring had an obvious influence on biological activities.
Especially, compounds 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13 and 27-showed good inhibitory effect on the generation of NO compared
to dexamethasone. Furthermore, derivatives 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 13 and 26 were found to be potential selectively
anticancer activity on human tumor cell lines, which displayed better cytotoxic activity to positive control 5-
FU.
Conclusion:
Piperazine substituted 3, 5-diarylisoxazoline derivatives could be considered as new antiinflammatory
and anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bei Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chun-Ping Wan
- Central Laboratory, The No.1 Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650021, China
| | - Gao-Xiong Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ze-Wei Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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AlMatar M, Makky EA, Var I, Kayar B, Köksal F. Novel compounds targeting InhA for TB therapy. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:217-226. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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10
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of phenyl-/benzhydrylpiperazine derivatives as potential MAO inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:252-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Martinelli LKB, Rotta M, Villela AD, Rodrigues-Junior VS, Abbadi BL, Trindade RV, Petersen GO, Danesi GM, Nery LR, Pauli I, Campos MM, Bonan CD, de Souza ON, Basso LA, Santos DS. Functional, thermodynamics, structural and biological studies of in silico-identified inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase enzyme. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46696. [PMID: 28436453 PMCID: PMC5402281 DOI: 10.1038/srep46696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel chemotherapeutics agents are needed to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the main causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). The M. tuberculosis 2-trans-enoyl-ACP(CoA) reductase enzyme (MtInhA) is the druggable bona fide target of isoniazid. New chemotypes were previously identified by two in silico approaches as potential ligands to MtInhA. The inhibition mode was determined by steady-state kinetics for seven compounds that inhibited MtInhA activity. Dissociation constant values at different temperatures were determined by protein fluorescence spectroscopy. van't Hoff analyses of ligand binding to MtInhA:NADH provided the thermodynamic signatures of non-covalent interactions (ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°). Phenotypic screening showed that five compounds inhibited in vitro growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. Labio_16 and Labio_17 compounds also inhibited the in vitro growth of PE-003 multidrug-resistant strain. Cytotoxic effects on Hacat, Vero and RAW 264.7 cell lines were assessed for the latter two compounds. The Labio_16 was bacteriostatic and Labio_17 bactericidal in an M. tuberculosis-infected macrophage model. In Zebrafish model, Labio_16 showed no cardiotoxicity whereas Labio_17 showed dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Accordingly, a model was built for the MtInhA:NADH:Labio_16 ternary complex. The results show that the Labio_16 compound is a direct inhibitor of MtInhA, and it may represent a hit for the development of chemotherapeutic agents to treat TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo K. B. Martinelli
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariane Rotta
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Anne D. Villela
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valnês S. Rodrigues-Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno L. Abbadi
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério V. Trindade
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme O. Petersen
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giuliano M. Danesi
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura R. Nery
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ivani Pauli
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas – LABIO, Faculdade de Informática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- Instituto de Toxicologia e Farmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carla D. Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Osmar Norberto de Souza
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Modelagem e Simulação de Biossistemas – LABIO, Faculdade de Informática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de FarmInformática - FarmInf, Faculdade de Farmácia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz A. Basso
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Diogenes S. Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Tuberculose (INCT-TB), Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, 90619-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Saharan VD, Mahajan SS. Development of gallic acid formazans as novel enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase inhibitors for the treatment of tuberculosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:808-815. [PMID: 28117201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is an attractive target for developing novel antitubercular agents. A series of gallic acid formazans, were computationally designed and docked into the active site of InhA to understand their binding mode and potential to inhibit InhA. Nine compounds from the designed series were identified as potential InhA inhibitors, on the basis of good Glide score. These compounds were synthesized in the laboratory and evaluated for in vitro antitubercular activity against drug-sensitive and multi-drug resistant strains of MTB. Out of nine compounds, three compounds exhibited the most promising MIC of <2μM against the sensitive strain of MTB, H37Rv. The compounds were evaluated against five resistant strains of MTB. Most of the compounds exhibited activity superior to the standard, linezolid, against all these resistant strains. The mechanism of action of these compounds was concluded to be InhA inhibition, through InhA enzyme inhibition study. Insignificant cytotoxicity of these compounds was observed on RAW 264.7 cell line. Inactivity of all these compounds against gram positive and gram negative bacteria indicated their specificity against MTB. The compounds were further analyzed for ADME properties and showed potential as good oral drug candidates. The results clearly identified some novel, selective and specific InhA inhibitors against sensitive and resistant strains of MTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanita D Saharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Sir Vithaldas Vidyavihar, Juhu Tara Road, Santacruz (West), Mumbai 400049, India.
| | - Supriya S Mahajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, C.U. Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T. Women's University, Sir Vithaldas Vidyavihar, Juhu Tara Road, Santacruz (West), Mumbai 400049, India
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Matviiuk T, Madacki J, Mori G, Orena BS, Menendez C, Kysil A, André-Barrès C, Rodriguez F, Korduláková J, Mallet-Ladeira S, Voitenko Z, Pasca MR, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Pyrrolidinone and pyrrolidine derivatives: Evaluation as inhibitors of InhA and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 123:462-475. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Synthesis, anti-proliferative and genotoxicity studies of 6-chloro-5-(2-substituted-ethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-ones and 6-chloro-5-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(alkyl/ary-2-ylidene)indolin-2-ones. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 121:221-231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel isoxazolines linked via piperazine to 2- benzoisothiazoles as potent apoptotic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:218-224. [PMID: 27821324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.09.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of 3-(4-((3-Phenyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl) benzoisothiazole derivatives (5a-i), which constitute a new class of isoxazolines, has been accomplished in regio-selective manner. These derivatives have been prepared by employing the reaction between substituted aldoximes (4a-i) and 3-(4-Allylpiperazin-1-yl) benzoisothiazole in presence of chloramine-T which afforded in good yields. These compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity on tumor cells. Four among the nine synthesized compounds were found to exhibit potent cytotoxic and antineoplastic activities in comparison to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) protein in mammalian cancer cells. The rest of the derivatives showed moderate activity.
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Chollet A, Mori G, Menendez C, Rodriguez F, Fabing I, Pasca MR, Madacki J, Korduláková J, Constant P, Quémard A, Bernardes-Génisson V, Lherbet C, Baltas M. Design, synthesis and evaluation of new GEQ derivatives as inhibitors of InhA enzyme and Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 101:218-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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