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Tai LT, Yeh CY, Chang YJ, Liu JF, Hsu KC, Cheng JC, Lu CH. Discovery of Novel Spike Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6105. [PMID: 38892294 PMCID: PMC11172837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic. With the rapid evolution of variant strains, finding effective spike protein inhibitors is a logical and critical priority. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been identified as the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 viral entry, and thus related therapeutic approaches associated with the spike protein-ACE2 interaction show a high degree of feasibility for inhibiting viral infection. Our computer-aided drug design (CADD) method meticulously analyzed more than 260,000 compound records from the United States National Cancer Institute (NCI) database, to identify potential spike inhibitors. The spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) was chosen as the target protein for our virtual screening process. In cell-based validation, SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus carrying a reporter gene was utilized to screen for effective compounds. Ultimately, compounds C2, C8, and C10 demonstrated significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, with estimated EC50 values of 8.8 μM, 6.7 μM, and 7.6 μM, respectively. Using the above compounds as templates, ten derivatives were generated and robust bioassay results revealed that C8.2 (EC50 = 5.9 μM) exhibited the strongest antiviral efficacy. Compounds C8.2 also displayed inhibitory activity against the Omicron variant, with an EC50 of 9.3 μM. Thus, the CADD method successfully discovered lead compounds binding to the spike protein RBD that are capable of inhibiting viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Te Tai
- Industrial Development Graduate Program of College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yun Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jen Chang
- The Ph.D. Program of Biotechnology and Biomedical Industry, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Fang Liu
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110301, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Chien Cheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lu
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-Devices (IDS2B), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300193, Taiwan
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Sheyi R, Mhlongo JT, Jorba M, Fusté E, Sharma A, Viñas M, Albericio F, Espinal P, de la Torre BG. 1,3,5-Triazine as Branching Connector for the Construction of Novel Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrimers: Synthesis and Biological Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5883. [PMID: 38892071 PMCID: PMC11172478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptides displaying antimicrobial properties are being regarded as useful tools to evade and combat antimicrobial resistance, a major public health challenge. Here we have addressed dendrimers, attractive molecules in pharmaceutical innovation and development displaying broad biological activity. Triazine-based dendrimers were fully synthesized in the solid phase, and their antimicrobial activity and some insights into their mechanisms of action were explored. Triazine is present in a large number of compounds with highly diverse biological targets with broad biological activities and could be an excellent branching unit to accommodate peptides. Our results show that the novel peptide dendrimers synthesized have remarkable antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and suggest that they may be useful in neutralizing the effect of efflux machinery on resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotimi Sheyi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; (R.S.); (J.T.M.); (A.S.); (F.A.)
| | - Jessica T. Mhlongo
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; (R.S.); (J.T.M.); (A.S.); (F.A.)
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Marta Jorba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, IDIBELL—University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Ester Fusté
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, IDIBELL—University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternal and Child Health Nursing, University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; (R.S.); (J.T.M.); (A.S.); (F.A.)
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Miguel Viñas
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, IDIBELL—University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; (R.S.); (J.T.M.); (A.S.); (F.A.)
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franqués 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Espinal
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology & Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, IDIBELL—University of Barcelona, Campus Bellvitge, 08907 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; (M.J.); (E.F.); (M.V.)
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
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Mohamed-Ezzat RA, Elgemeie GH. Novel synthesis of the first new class of triazine sulfonamide thioglycosides and the evaluation of their anti-tumor and anti-viral activities against human coronavirus. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38753464 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2341406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Novel class of triazine sulfonamide thioglycosides was designed and synthesized. Those novel structures comprising three essential and pharmacological significant moieties such as the triazine, sulfonamide, and thioglycosidic scaffolds. The triazine sulfonamides were furnished via a direct approach starting from potassium cyanocarbonimidodithioate, then the corresponding triazine sulfonamide thioglycosides were generated using the peracylated α-d-gluco- and galacto-pyranosyl bromides. Anti-viral evaluation of compounds in vitro against HCoV-229E virus revealed that some compounds possess promising activity. Compounds 4a, 4b, 4d, 6d and 6e indicate from moderate to low antiviral activity against low pathogenic coronavirus 229E in comparison with remdesivir at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. Additionally their in vitro anti-proliferative effects against NCI 60 cancer cell lines cell lines were also investigated. Compound 4a, the most potent compound among the estimated compounds, revealed remarkably lowest cell growth promotion against CNS cancer SNB-75, and renal cancer UO-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham A Mohamed-Ezzat
- Chemistry of Natural & Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Galal H Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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Dubey P, Pathak DP, Ali F, Chauhan G, Kalaiselvan V. In-vitro Evaluation of Triazine Scaffold for Anticancer Drug Development: A Review. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2024; 21:e170723218813. [PMID: 37461340 DOI: 10.2174/1570163820666230717161610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The widespread importance of the synthesis and modification of anticancer agents has given rise to many numbers of medicinal chemistry programs. In this regard, triazine derivatives have attracted attention due to their remarkable activity against a wide range of cancer cells. This evaluation covers work reports to define the anticancer activity, the most active synthesized compound for the target, the SAR and, when described, the probable MOA besides similarly considered to deliver complete and target-pointed data for the development of types of anti-tumour medicines of triazine derivatives. Triazine scaffold for the development of anticancer analogues. Triazine can also relate to numerous beneficial targets, and their analogues have auspicious in-vitro and in-vivo anti-tumour activity. Fused molecules can improve efficacy, and drug resistance and diminish side effects, and numerous hybrid molecules are beneath diverse stages of clinical trials, so hybrid derivatives of triazine may offer valuable therapeutic involvement for the dealing of tumours. OBJECTIVE The objective of the recent review was to summarize the recent reports on triazine as well as its analogues with respect to its anticancer therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION The content of the review would be helpful to update the researchers working towards the synthesis and designing of new molecules for the treatment of various types of cancer disease with the recent molecules that have been produced from the triazine scaffold. Triazine scaffolds based on 1,3,5-triazine considerably boost molecular diversity levels and enable covering chemical space in key medicinal chemistry fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Dubey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Dharam Pal Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Faraat Ali
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
- Department of Licensing and Enforcement, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Garima Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Mehrauli- Badarpur Road, Sector 3, Pushp Vihar, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Vivekanandan Kalaiselvan
- Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, Sector-23, Raj Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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5
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Khalil AF, El-Moselhy TF, El-Bastawissy EA, Abdelhady R, Younis NS, El-Hamamsy MH. Discovery of novel enasidenib analogues targeting inhibition of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 as antileukaemic agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2157411. [PMID: 36629449 PMCID: PMC9848300 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2157411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 2 "IDH2m" acquires a neo-enzymatic activity reducing α-ketoglutarate to an oncometabolite, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG). Three s-triazine series were designed and synthesised using enasidenib as a lead compound. In vitro anticancer screening via National Cancer Institute "NCI" revealed that analogues 6a, 6c, 6d, 7g, and 7l were most potent, with mean growth inhibition percentage "GI%" = 66.07, 66.00, 53.70, 35.10, and 81.15, respectively, followed by five-dose screening. Compounds 6c, 6e, and 7c were established as the best IDH2R140Q inhibitors compared to enasidenib, reporting IC50 = 101.70, 67.01, 88.93, and 75.51 nM, respectively. More importantly, 6c, 6e, and 7c displayed poor activity against the wild-type IDH2, IC50 = 2928, 2295, and 3128 nM, respectively, which implementing high selectivity and accordingly safety. Furthermore, 6c was screened for cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, and western blot analysis. Finally, computational tools were applied to predict physicochemical properties and binding poses in IDH2R140Q allosteric site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Khalil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt,CONTACT A. F. Khalil Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Tarek F. El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Eman A. El-Bastawissy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rasha Abdelhady
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Nancy S. Younis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mervat H. El-Hamamsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Ramirez E, Ganegamage SK, Min S, Patel H, Ogunware A, Plascencia-Villa G, Alnakhala H, Shimanaka K, Tripathi A, Wang KW, Zhu X, Rochet JC, Kuo MH, Counts SE, Perry G, Dettmer U, Lasagna-Reeves CA, Fortin JS. Evaluation of N- and O-Linked Indole Triazines for a Dual Effect on α-Synuclein and Tau Aggregation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3913-3927. [PMID: 37818657 PMCID: PMC10624178 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder underlying dementia in the geriatric population. AD manifests by two pathological hallmarks: extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide-containing senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles comprised of aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau). However, more than half of AD cases also display the presence of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn)-containing Lewy bodies. Conversely, Lewy bodies disorders have been reported to have concomitant Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our drug discovery program focuses on the synthesis of multitarget-directed ligands to abrogate aberrant α-syn, tau (2N4R), and p-tau (1N4R) aggregation and to slow the progression of AD and related dementias. To this end, we synthesized 11 compounds with a triazine-linker and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing α-syn, tau isoform 2N4R, and p-tau isoform 1N4R aggregation. We utilized biophysical methods such as thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assays, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP), and M17D intracellular inclusion cell-based assays to evaluate the antiaggregation properties and cellular protection of our best compounds. We also performed disaggregation assays with isolated Aβ-plaques from human AD brains. Our results demonstrated that compound 10 was effective in reducing both oligomerization and fibril formation of α-syn and tau isoform 2N4R in a dose-dependent manner via ThT and PICUP assays. Compound 10 was also effective at reducing the formation of recombinant α-syn, tau 2N4R, and p-tau 1N4R fibrils by TEM. Compound 10 reduced the development of α-syn inclusions in M17D neuroblastoma cells and stopped the seeding of tau P301S using biosensor cells. Disaggregation experiments showed smaller Aβ-plaques and less paired helical filaments with compound 10. Compound 10 may provide molecular scaffolds for further optimization and preclinical studies for neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ramirez
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Susantha K. Ganegamage
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sehong Min
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Henika Patel
- Department
of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Adedayo Ogunware
- Department
of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Germán Plascencia-Villa
- Department
of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Heba Alnakhala
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Kuang-Wei Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Xiongwei Zhu
- Department
of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Jean-Christophe Rochet
- Department
of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Min-Hao Kuo
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Scott E. Counts
- Department
of Translational Neuroscience, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503, United States
| | - George Perry
- Department
of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78249, United States
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann
Romney
Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Cristian A. Lasagna-Reeves
- Department
of Anatomy Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Department
of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Ali MI, Naseer MM. Recent biological applications of heterocyclic hybrids containing s-triazine scaffold. RSC Adv 2023; 13:30462-30490. [PMID: 37854486 PMCID: PMC10580144 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05953g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
s-Triazine possesses an auspicious status in the field of drug discovery and development owing to its presence in many naturally occurring compounds as well as commercially available drugs like enasidenib, gedatolisib, bimiralisib, atrazine, indaziflam, and triaziflam. Easy, cost-effective, and efficient access to its derivatives in addition to their splendid biological activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-tubercular, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, makes it an attractive heterocyclic nucleus in the field of medicinal chemistry. Other than the direct access of its derivatives from simple commercially available starting materials like amidine, the s-triazine derivatives have also been obtained starting from an inexpensive commercially available 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) commonly known as cyanuric chloride. Owing to the high reactivity and the possibility of sequential substitution of TCT, a variety of biologically active heterocyclic scaffolds have been installed on this nucleus in order to have more potent compounds. These s-triazine-based heterocyclic hybrids have been reported to show enhanced biological activities in recent years. Therefore, it is important to summarize and highlight recent examples of these hybrids which is imperative to attract the attention of the drug development community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-5190642241 +92-5190642129
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan +92-5190642241 +92-5190642129
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Gupta S, Paul K. Membrane-active substituted triazines as antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus with potential for low drug resistance and broad activity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115551. [PMID: 37348297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
A library of new naphthalimide-triazine analogues was synthesized as broad-spectrum antibacterial agents to overcome drug resistance. Bioactivity assay reveals that derivative 8e, with benzylamine in its structure, exhibits strong antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus at a concentration of 1.56 μg/ml. It was also found to be better than chloromycin and amoxicillin. The active compound 8e efficiently inhibits the development of drug resistance within 11 passages. In addition, compound 8e inhibits the formation of biofilms in S. aureus and acts rapidly in bactericidal efficacy. Furthermore, mechanistic studies reveal that compound 8e effectively destroys the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, leading to leakage of intercellular protein content and loss in metabolic activity. Compound 8e binds to HSA readily with a binding constant of 1.32 × 105 M-1, indicating that the compound could be delivered to the target site effectively. Compound 8e can also form a supramolecular complex with DNA to obstruct DNA replications. These results suggest that analogue 8e could be further developed as a potential antibacterial agent. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of all the synthesized compounds was evaluated against 60 human cancer cell lines to test their potential for anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Gupta
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147001, India
| | - Kamaldeep Paul
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147001, India.
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Hu S, Chen J, Cao JX, Zhang SS, Gu SX, Chen FE. Quinolines and isoquinolines as HIV-1 inhibitors: Chemical structures, action targets, and biological activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106549. [PMID: 37119785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), poses a serious threat to global public health. Since the advent of the first drug zidovudine, a number of anti-HIV agents acting on different targets have been approved to combat HIV/AIDS. Among the abundant heterocyclic families, quinoline and isoquinoline moieties are recognized as promising scaffolds for HIV inhibition. This review intends to highlight the advances in diverse chemical structures and abundant biological activity of quinolines and isoquinolines as anti-HIV agents acting on different targets, which aims to provide useful references and inspirations to design and develop novel HIV inhibitors for medicinal chemists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Hu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Jin-Xu Cao
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shuang-Xi Gu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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10
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Torabi M, Zare Fekri L, Nikpassand M. Multi-component Synthesis of Novel Triazines using Fe 3O 4@SP@VIC as a Green, Effective and Magnetically Recoverable Nanocatalyst. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2151816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mogharab Torabi
- Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Leila Zare Fekri
- Department of Chemistry, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Xia Q, Li J, Yang Z, Zhang D, Tian J, Gu B. Discovery of novel 1,3,5-triazines as potent antibacterial agent against urinary tract infection-causing clinical isolates of Escherichia coli via inhibition of DNA Gyrase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 101:271-277. [PMID: 35544284 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of 1,3,5-triazine-phenylthiazole-pyrazole derivatives were synthesized and subsequently tested for Escherichia coli DNA Gyrase inhibitory activity where they showed excellent inhibitory activity. The top-three ranked DNA gyrase inhibitor (4e, 4g and 4h) were further subjected to antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity against clinical isolates of resistant E. coli strains obtained from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) patients (CREC81, CREC106, CREC163). Compound 4h was identified as most potent antibacterial agent in the above study. The compound 4h was further evaluated in murine model of E. coli UTI in BALB/c mice infected by transurethral injection of CREC106 strain. Results of the study suggest that compound 4h reduces bacterial load of CREC106 in the treated mice and found approximately equipotent to Novobiocin as standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qier Xia
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjun Tian
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Elwahy AH, Shaaban MR, Abdelhamid IA. Recent advances in the synthesis of star-shaped molecules based on a 1,3,5-triazine core. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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13
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Hashmi SZ, Dwivedi J, Kishore D, Kuznetsov AE. Synthesis, characterization, and DFT study of the s-triazine analogues of medicinal interest incorporated with five- and six-membered bioactive heterocyclic scaffolds. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.134922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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14
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Privileged Scaffold Decoration for the Identification of the First Trisubstituted Triazine with Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27248829. [PMID: 36557962 PMCID: PMC9782877 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Current therapy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are based on the use of Remdesivir 1, Molnupiravir 2, and the recently identified Nirmatrelvir 3. Unfortunately, these three drugs showed some limitations regarding potency and possible drug-drug interactions. A series of derivatives coming from a decoration approach of the privileged scaffold s-triazines were synthesized and evaluated against SAR-CoV-2. One derivative emerged as the hit of the series for its micromolar antiviral activity and low cytotoxicity. Mode of action and pharmacokinetic in vitro preliminary studies further confirm the role as candidates for a future optimization campaign of the most active derivative identified with this work.
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Study of biocompatibility, cytotoxic activity in vitro of a tetrazole-containing derivative of 2-amino-4,6-di(aziridin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 629:176-182. [PMID: 36148694 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolytic stability, hemocompatibility, antioxidant properties and in vitro cytotoxic activity of {5-[(4,6-di(aziridin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl}methyl 2-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetate have been studied. 1H NMR spectroscopy showed that this tetrazole-containing derivative of 1,3,5-triazine is stable in neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 10) media; hydrolysis of the dioxane cycle occurs in an acidic environment (pH 3). It has been established that {5-[(4,6-di(aziridin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino]-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl}methyl-2-(5-phenyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetate is hemocompatible, exhibits antioxidant properties, but does not show antiradical activity over the entire range of concentrations. In turn, the study of cytotoxic activity in vitro showed that the tetrazole-containing derivative of 1,3,5-triazine has an effect on the cell lines of human alveolar basal epithelium adenocarcinoma A549 (IC50 41.3 μmol l-1), human ovarian teratocarcinoma PA-1 (IC50 10.6 μmol l-1), hepatocarcinoma Huh7 (IC50 19.9 μmol l-1), cervical cancer HeLa (IC50 3.7 μmol l-1), and human embryonic kidney HEK293 (IC50 15.8 μmol l-1). It was suggested one of the possible mechanism of substance 2 cytotoxicity via HIF pathway inhibition.
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16
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Heterocyclic Compounds as Hsp90 Inhibitors: A Perspective on Anticancer Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102220. [PMID: 36297655 PMCID: PMC9610671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have garnered special attention in cancer therapy as molecular chaperones with regulatory/mediatory effects on folding, maintenance/stability, maturation, and conformation of proteins as well as their effects on prevention of protein aggregation. Hsp90 ensures the stability of various client proteins needed for the growth of cells or the survival of tumor cells; therefore, they are overexpressed in tumor cells and play key roles in carcinogenesis. Accordingly, Hsp90 inhibitors are recognized as attractive therapeutic agents for investigations pertaining to tumor suppression. Natural Hsp90 inhibitors comprising geldanamycin (GM), reclaimed analogs of GM including 17-AAG and DMAG, and radicicol, a natural macrocyclic antifungal, are among the first potent Hsp90 inhibitors. Herein, recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds recognized as potent Hsp90 inhibitors are reviewed along with the anticancer effects of heterocyclic compounds, comprising purine, pyrazole, triazine, quinolines, coumarin, and isoxazoles molecules.
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Su JB, Wu WL, Dong CE, Yang S, Feng YY, Qin T, Chen KQ, Qian JJ, Zou JP, Liu YH, Liu SM, Liu WW, Da-hua S. Synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and biological evaluation of 1,3,5-triazine-quinoline derivatives as butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Al-Jumaili MHA, Ocak H, Torun L. Hydrogen-bonded ionic liquid crystals based on multi-armed structure: synthesis and characterization. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02969-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Jain S, Kumawat J, Jain P, Shruti, Malik P, Dwivedi J, Kishore D. Metal-catalyzed synthesis of triazine derivatives. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-022-02948-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Abinaya R, Srinath S, Soundarya S, Sridhar R, Balasubramanian KK, Baskar B. Recent Developments on Synthesis Strategies, SAR Studies and Biological Activities of β-Carboline Derivatives – An Update. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Noureen S, Ali S, Iqbal J, Zia MA, Hussain T. Synthesis, Comparative Theoretical and Experimental Characterization of Some New 1,3,5 triazine Based Heterocyclic Compounds and in vitro Evaluation as Promising Biologically Active Agents. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Mikolaichuk OV, Popova EA, Protas AV, Rakipov IT, Nerukh DA, Petrov AV, Charykov NA, Ageev SV, Tochilnikov GV, Zmitrichenko IG, Stukov AN, Semenov KN, Sharoyko VV. A cytostatic drug from the class of triazine derivatives: Its properties in aqueous solutions, cytotoxicity, and therapeutic activity. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Mikolaichuk OV, Sharoyko VV, Popova EA, Protas AV, Fonin AV, Anufrikov YA, Malkova AM, Shmaneva NT, Ostrovskii VA, Molchanov OE, Maistrenko DN, Semenov KN. A new tetrazole-containing 2-amino-4,6-di(aziridin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine derivative: synthesis, interaction with DNA, and antitumor activity. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Gharat R, Prabhu A, Khambete MP. Potential of triazines in Alzheimer's disease: A versatile privileged scaffold. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100388. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruchita Gharat
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Arati Prabhu
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy Mumbai Maharashtra India
| | - Mihir. P. Khambete
- SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy Mumbai Maharashtra India
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25
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Kabir E, Uzzaman M. A review on biological and medicinal impact of heterocyclic compounds. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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26
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Noureen S, Ali S, Zia MA, Afzal M, Ayub AR, El-Naggar M. Synthesis, combined theoretical and spectral characterization of some new 1,3,5 triazine compounds, and their in vitro biological analysis. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00389a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
New N-heterocyclic compounds with a 1,3,5 triazine core were synthesized by a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Noureen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anjum Zia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Raza Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Mohamed El-Naggar
- Department of Chemistry, Pure and Applied Chemistry Research Group, Faculty of Sciences University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Kayet Bay, Alexandria, Egypt
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27
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Hassan R, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Dar MO, Shah AJ, Mir PA, Shaikh M, Pottoo FH. Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:551-565. [PMID: 34488596 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most alarming diseases, with an estimation of 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Glioma occurs in glial cells surrounding nerve cells. The majority of the patients with gliomas have a terminal prognosis, and the ailment has significant sway on patients and their families, be it physical, psychological, or economic wellbeing. As Glioma exhibits, both intra and inter tumour heterogeneity with multidrug resistance and current therapies are ineffective. So the development of safer anti gliomas agents is the need of hour. Bioactive heterocyclic compounds, eithernatural or synthetic,are of potential interest since they have been active against different targets with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. In addition, they can cross the biological barriers and thus interfere with various signalling pathways to induce cancer cell death. All these advantages make bioactive natural compounds prospective candidates in the management of glioma. In this review, we assessed various bioactive heterocyclic compounds, such as jaceosidin, hispudlin, luteolin, silibinin, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, didemnin B, thymoquinone, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and cucurbitacins for their potential anti-glioma activity. Also, different kinds of chemical reactions to obtain various heterocyclic derivatives, e.g. indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzoquinone, quinoline, quinazoline, pyrimidine, and triazine, are listed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160062. India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001. India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001. India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam. Saudi Arabia
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28
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Dolzhenko AV, Bin Shahari MS, Junaid A, Tiekink ERT. A New One-Pot Three-Component Synthesis of 4-Aryl-6-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines under Microwave Irradiation. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1401-2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractA new method for the fast synthesis of diverse 4-aryl-6-cycloamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines was developed. The synthesis is performed under microwave irradiation in a one-pot manner from cyanoguanidine, aromatic aldehydes, and cyclic amines. Their three-component reaction in the presence of hydrochloric acid produced dihydrotriazines, which were then converted (without isolation) into the targeted compounds via aromatic dehydrogenation in the presence of alkali. The reaction tolerated various aromatic aldehydes (including heterocyclic) and cyclic amines. Crystal structures of two representative 4-aryl-6-morpholino-1,3,5-triazin-2-amines were established by X-ray crystallography. The results of preliminary biological screening identified potent antileukemic activity for 6-[3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl]-4-phenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton V. Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University
| | | | - Ahmad Junaid
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University
| | - Edward R. T. Tiekink
- Research Centre for Crystalline Materials, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University
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29
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Tayyab Imtiaz M, Anwar F, Saleem U, Ahmad B, Hira S, Mehmood Y, Bashir M, Najam S, Ismail T. Triazine Derivative as Putative Candidate for the Reduction of Hormone-Positive Breast Tumor: In Silico, Pharmacological, and Toxicological Approach. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:686614. [PMID: 34122114 PMCID: PMC8193840 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.686614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease that poses the highest incidence of morbidity among women and presents many treatment challenges. In search of novel breast cancer therapies, several triazine derivatives have been developed for their potential chemotherapeutic activity. This study aims to evaluate the N-nitroso-N-methyl urea (NMU)-induced anti-mammary gland tumor activity of 2,4,6 (O-nitrophenyl amino) 1,3,5-triazine (O-NPAT). Methods: The in silico modeling and in vitro cytotoxicity assay were performed to strengthen the research hypothesis. For in vivo experimentation, 30 female rats were divided into five groups. Group I (normal control) received normal saline. Group II (disease control) received NMU (50 mg/kg). Group III (standard control) was treated with tamoxifen (5 mg/kg). Groups IV and V received O-NPAT at a dose level of 30 and 60 mg/kg, respectively. For tumor induction, 3 intraperitoneal doses of NMU were given at a 3-week interval, whereas all treatment compounds were administered orally for 14 consecutive days. Biochemical and oxidative stress markers were estimated for all experimental animals. DNA strand breakage alongside inflammatory markers was also measured for the analysis of inflammation. The hormonal profile of progesterone and estrogen was also estimated. Results: The test compound presented a significant reduction in organ weight and restored the hepatic and renal enzymes. O-NPAT treatments enhanced the antioxidant enzyme level of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total sulfhydryl (TSH), with a highly significant reduction in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lipid peroxidation. Also, the decrease in fragmented DNA, hormonal levels (estradiol and progesterone), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α) justified the dosage efficacy further supported by histopathological findings. Conclusion: All results indicated the anti-breast tumor activity of O-NPAT and presented its possibility of exploitation for beneficial effects in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tayyab Imtiaz
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundas Hira
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yumna Mehmood
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Manal Bashir
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Najam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Ismail
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSAT University, Abbottabad, Pakistan
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30
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Goni LKMO, Jafar Mazumder MA, Quraishi MA, Mizanur Rahman M. Bioinspired Heterocyclic Compounds as Corrosion Inhibitors: A Comprehensive Review. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:1324-1364. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipiar K. M. O. Goni
- Department of Chemistry King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | | | - M. A. Quraishi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Mizanur Rahman
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Advanced Materials King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
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31
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Soni JP, Joshi SV, Chemitikanti KS, Shankaraiah N. The Riveting Chemistry of Poly‐
aza
‐heterocycles Employing Microwave Technique: A Decade Review. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Krishna Sowjanya Chemitikanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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The Antiproliferative and Apoptotic Effect of a Novel Synthesized S-Triazine Dipeptide Series, and Toxicity Screening in Zebrafish Embryos. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041170. [PMID: 33671801 PMCID: PMC7926980 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several derivatives containing morpholine/piperidine, anilines, and dipeptides as pending moieties were prepared using s-triazine as a scaffold. These compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against two human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), a colon cancer cell line (HCT-116), and a non-tumorigenic cell line (HEK 293). Tamoxifen was used as a reference. Animal toxicity tests were carried out in zebrafish embryos. Most of these compounds showed a higher activity against breast cancer than colon cancer. Compound 3a-which contains morpholine, aniline, and glycylglycinate methyl ester-showed a high level of cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of less than 1 µM. This compound showed a much lower level of toxicity against the non-tumorigenic HEK-293 cell line, and in the in vivo studies using zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, it induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. On the basis of our results, 3a emerges as a potential candidate for further development as a therapeutic drug to treat hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.
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Majeed Ganai A, Khan Pathan T, Hampannavar GA, Pawar C, Obakachi VA, Kushwaha B, Deshwar Kushwaha N, Karpoormath R. Recent Advances on the s‐Triazine Scaffold with Emphasis on Synthesis, Structure‐Activity and Pharmacological Aspects: A Concise Review. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ab Majeed Ganai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Tabasum Khan Pathan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Girish A. Hampannavar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry K.L.E.U's College of Pharmacy Vidyanagar, Hubli 580031, Karnataka India
| | - Chandrakant Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Vincent A. Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Babita Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Narva Deshwar Kushwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Durban 4000 South Africa
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Singh K, Turk P, Dhanda A. Synthesis, spectral characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of new imine derived from 3‐methylthiophene‐2‐carboxaldehyde and its Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Singh
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
| | - Prerna Turk
- Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
- Government College Bherian Kurukshetra 136128 India
| | - Anita Dhanda
- Department of Microbiology Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra 136119 India
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Sharma A, Sheyi R, de la Torre BG, El-Faham A, Albericio F. s-Triazine: A Privileged Structure for Drug Discovery and Bioconjugation. Molecules 2021; 26:864. [PMID: 33562072 PMCID: PMC7914932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of the broad applicability of s-triazine. Our many years working with this intriguing moiety allow us to discuss its wide activity spectrum (inhibition against MAO-A and -B, anticancer/antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity, antibacterial activity against MDR clinical isolates, antileishmanial agent, and use as drug nano delivery system). Most of the compounds addressed in our studies and those performed by other groups contain only N-substitution. Exploiting the concept of orthogonal chemoselectivity, first described by our group, we have successfully incorporated different nucleophiles in different orders into s-triazine core for application in peptides/proteins at a temperature compatible with biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Rotimi Sheyi
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 12321, Egypt
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; (A.S.); (R.S.); (B.G.d.l.T.)
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Karishma P, Gogia A, Mandal SK, Sakhuja R. Ruthenium Catalyzed C−H Amidation and Carbocyclization using Isocyanates: An Access to Amidated 2‐phenylphthalazine‐1,4‐diones and Indazolo[1,2‐
b
]phthalazine‐triones. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pidiyara Karishma
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
| | - Alisha Gogia
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Manuali P.O. Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sanjay K. Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali Sector 81 SAS Nagar, Manuali P.O. Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani Rajasthan 333031 India
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Xia LY, Zhang YL, Yang R, Wang ZC, Lu YD, Wang BZ, Zhu HL. Tubulin Inhibitors Binding to Colchicine-Site: A Review from 2015 to 2019. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6787-6814. [PMID: 31580244 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191003154051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Due to the three domains of the colchicine-site which is conducive to the combination with small molecule compounds, colchicine-site on the tubulin has become a common target for antitumor drug development, and accordingly, a large number of tubulin inhibitors binding to the colchicine-site have been reported and evaluated over the past years. In this study, tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-site and their application as antitumor agents were reviewed based on the literature from 2015 to 2019. Tubulin inhibitors were classified into ten categories according to the structural features, including colchicine derivatives, CA-4 analogs, chalcone analogs, coumarin analogs, indole hybrids, quinoline and quinazoline analogs, lignan and podophyllotoxin derivatives, phenothiazine analogs, N-heterocycle hybrids and others. Most of them displayed potent antitumor activity, including antiproliferative effects against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) cell lines and antivascular properties, both in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the design, synthesis and the analysis of the structure-activity relationship of tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine-site were described in detail. In addition, multi-target inhibitors, anti-MDR compounds, and inhibitors bearing antitumor activity in vivo are further listed in tables to present a clear picture of potent tubulin inhibitors, which could be beneficial for medicinal chemistry researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Ying Xia
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Liang Zhang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Rong Yang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Zhong-Chang Wang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Dong Lu
- Neonatal Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Zhong Wang
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- Zhengzhou Children’s Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, P.R. China
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38
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Sumoto K, Shimomura S, Yokomizo K, Zhou JR, Ota K, Mibu N, Furutachi M. Hybrid Linker Mode C2-Symmetrical 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluation. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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39
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Güngör T, Tokay E, Güven Gülhan Ü, Hacıoğlu N, Çelik A, Köçkar F, Ay M. Prodrugs for nitroreductase based cancer therapy-4: Towards prostate cancer targeting: Synthesis of N-heterocyclic nitro prodrugs, Ssap-NtrB enzymatic activation and anticancer evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104450. [PMID: 33189994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, various N-heterocyclic nitro prodrugs (NHN1-16) containing pyrimidine, triazine and piperazine rings were designed and synthesized. The final compounds were identified using FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR as well as elemental analyses. Enzymatic activities of compounds were conducted by using HPLC analysis to investigate the interaction of substrates with Ssap-NtrB nitroreductase enzyme. MTT assay was performed to evaluate the toxic effect of compounds against Hep3B and PC3 cancer cell lines and healthy HUVEC cell. It was observed that synthesized compounds NHN1-16 exhibited different cytotoxic profiles. Pyrimidine derivative NHN3 and triazine derivative NHN5 can be good drug candidates for prostate cancer with IC50 values of 54.75 µM and 48.9 µM, respectively. Compounds NHN6, NHN10, NHN12, NHN14 and NHN16 were selected as prodrug candidates because of non-toxic properties against three different cell models. The NHN prodrugs and Ssap-NtrB combinations were applied to SRB assay to reveal the prodrug capabilities of these selected compounds. SRB screening results showed that the metabolites of all selected non-toxic compounds showed remarkable cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 1.71-4.72 nM on prostate cancer. Among the tested compounds, especially piperazine derivatives NHN12 and NHN14 showed significant toxic effect with IC50 values of 1.75 nM and 1.79 nM against PC3 cell compared with standart prodrug CB1954 (IC50: 1.71 nM). Novel compounds NHN12 and NHN14 can be considered as promising prodrug candidates for nitroreductase-prodrug based prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Güngör
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey
| | - Esra Tokay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir 10145, Turkey
| | - Ünzile Güven Gülhan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Nelin Hacıoğlu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir 10145, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gebze Technical University, Gebze-Kocaeli 41400, Turkey
| | - Feray Köçkar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Balıkesir University, Balıkesir 10145, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Ay
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Natural Products and Drug Research Laboratory, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey.
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40
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Sharma A, Kumar A, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Exploiting azido-dichloro-triazine as a linker for regioselective incorporation of peptides through their N, O, S functional groups. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104334. [PMID: 33142409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In the field of bioconjugation, linker development has witnessed massive growth in recent years. 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) is a tridentate linker that can accommodate three distinct nucleophiles. Herein, the reaction of azido triazine derivatives with nucleophiles (amine, thiol and phenol) is studied. The replacement of first chlorine was performed at 0 °C while that of the last chlorine was achieved successfully at rt. As a proof of concept of this strategy with potential application in biological studies, pentapeptides (Ac-XGGFL-NH2 where X = Lys or Tyr or Cys) were reacted with 2-azido-4,6-dichlorotriazine to replace the first and second chlorine at 0 °C and at rt, respectively. The reactivity of 2-azido-4,6-dichlorotriazine was found to be similar for the α and ε amine group present in same peptide. These findings demonstrate the applicability of 2-azido-4,6-dichlorotriazine as a linker with potential further application in bioconjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Ayman El-Faham
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, 12321 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Beatriz G de la Torre
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa.
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; CIBER-BBN (Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine) and Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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Nagata T, Obora Y. Transition‐Metal‐Mediated/Catalyzed Synthesis of Pyridines, Pyrimidines, and Triazines by [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Nagata
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Kansai University Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
| | - Yasushi Obora
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Kansai University Suita Osaka 564-8680 Japan
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42
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Guo H, Diao QP. 1,3,5-Triazine-azole Hybrids and their Anticancer Activity. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1481-1492. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200310122741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1,3,5-Triazine and azole can interact with various therapeutic targets, and their derivatives
possess promising in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. Hybrid molecules have the potential to enhance
efficiency, overcome drug resistance and reduce side effects, and many hybrid molecules are under
different phases of clinical trials, so hybridization of 1,3,5-triazine with azole may provide valuable
therapeutic intervention for the treatment of cancer. Substantial efforts have been made to develop
azole-containing 1,3,5-triazine hybrids as novel anticancer agents, and some of them exhibited excellent
activity. This review emphasizes azole-containing 1,3,5-triazine hybrids with potential anticancer activity,
and the structure-activity relationships as well as the mechanisms of action are also discussed to
provide comprehensive and target-oriented information for the development of this kind of anticancer
drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, Liaoning, China
| | - Quan-Ping Diao
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Anshan Normal University, Anshan, Liaoning, China
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43
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Aljabali AAA, Gupta G, Negi P, Kapoor DN, Singh I, Zacconi FC, Jesus Andreoli Pinto T, Silva MW, Bakshi HA, Chellappan DK, Tambuwala MM, Dua K. Hybrid molecules based on 1,3,5‐triazine as potential therapeutics: A focused review. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:837-858. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- UGC‐Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
- Department of Chemistry University of Petroleum & Energy Studies Dehradun India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- UGC‐Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India
- Department of Chemistry Uttaranchal University Dehradun India
| | - Alaa A. A. Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University Irbid Jordan
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India
| | - Flavia C. Zacconi
- Departamento de Organica, faculdad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | | | - Mateus Webba Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Hamid A. Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy International Medical University Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Ulster University Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - Kamal Dua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan India
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health University of Technology Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) & School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Sydney New South Wales Australia
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Shamim S, Khan KM, Ullah N, Chigurupati S, Wadood A, Ur Rehman A, Ali M, Salar U, Alhowail A, Taha M, Perveen S. Synthesis and screening of (E)-3-(2-benzylidenehydrazinyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine analogs as novel dual inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103979. [PMID: 32544738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
(E)-3-(2-Benzylidenehydrazinyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazines analogs 1-27 were synthesized by multi-step reaction scheme and subjected to in vitro inhibitory screening against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Out of these twenty-seven synthetic analogs, ten compounds 14-17, 19, and 21-25 are structurally new. All compounds exhibited good to moderate inhibitory potential in terms of IC50 values ranging (IC50 = 13.02 ± 0.04-46.90 ± 0.05 µM) and (IC50 = 13.09 ± 0.08-46.44 ± 0.24 µM) in comparison to standard acarbose (IC50 = 12.94 ± 0.27 µM and 10.95 ± 0.08 µM), for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Structure-activity relationship indicated that analogs with halogen substitution(s) were found more active as compared to compounds bearing other substituents. Kinetic studies on most active α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors 5, 7, 9, 15, 24, and 27, suggested non-competitive and competitive types of inhibition mechanism for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Molecular docking studies predicted the good protein-ligand interaction (PLI) profile with key interactions such as arene-arene, H-<, <-<, and <-H etc., against the corresponding targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahbaz Shamim
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mohammed Khan
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nisar Ullah
- Chemistry Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran-31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry, Shankar Campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Salar
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Taha
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- PCSIR Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Shahrah-e-Dr. Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Karachi-75280, Pakistan
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45
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Bashiri M, Jarrahpour A, Rastegari B, Iraji A, Irajie C, Amirghofran Z, Malek-Hosseini S, Motamedifar M, Haddadi M, Zomorodian K, Zareshahrabadi Z, Turos E. Synthesis and evaluation of biological activities of tripodal imines and β-lactams attached to the 1,3,5-triazine nucleus. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-020-02592-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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46
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Antioxidative Activity of 1,3,5-Triazine Analogues Incorporating Aminobenzene Sulfonamide, Aminoalcohol/Phenol, Piperazine, Chalcone, or Stilbene Motifs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081787. [PMID: 32295147 PMCID: PMC7221710 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,3,5-triazine analogues, incorporating aminobenzene sulfonamide, aminoalcohol/phenol, piperazine, chalcone, or stilbene structural motifs, were evaluated as potential antioxidants. The compounds were prepared by using step-by-step nucleophilic substitution of chlorine atoms in starting 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine. Reactions were catalyzed by Cu(I)-supported on a weakly acidic resin. The radical scavenging activity was determined in terms of %inhibition activity and EC50, using the ABTS method. Trolox and ascorbic acid (ASA) were used as standards. In the lowest concentration 1 × 10−4 M, the %inhibition activity values at 0 min were comparable with both standards at least for 10 compounds. After 60 min, compounds 5, 6, 13, and 25 showed nearly twice %inhibition (73.44–87.09%) in comparison with the standards (Trolox = 41.49%; ASA = 31.07%). Values of EC50 at 60 min (17.16–27.78 μM) were 5 times lower for compounds 5, 6, 13, and 25 than EC50 of both standards (trolox = 178.33 μM; ASA = 147.47 μM). Values of EC50 correlated with %inhibition activity. Based on these results, the presented 1,3,5-triazine analogues have a high potential in the treatment of illnesses caused or related to oxidative stress.
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47
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Junaid A, Lim FPL, Chuah LH, Dolzhenko AV. 6, N 2-Diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamines: synthesis, antiproliferative activity and 3D-QSAR modeling. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12135-12144. [PMID: 35497593 PMCID: PMC9050923 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00643b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of 126 compounds with a 6,N2-diaryl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine scaffold was prepared using a one-pot, microwave-assisted method from readily available cyanoguanidine, aromatic aldehydes and arylamines. The three-component condensation of these reagents in the presence of hydrochloric acid was followed by the treatment with a base, which promoted a rearrangement of the dihydrotriazine ring and its dehydrogenative aromatization. The antiproliferative properties of the prepared compounds were evaluated using three breast cancer cell lines. The most promising results were obtained in the growth inhibition of the triple negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells. The active compounds were also selective against cancer cells and did not affect growth of the non-cancerous MCF-10A breast cell line. Analyzing the structure–activity relationship within the series, we built a 3D-QSAR model for the further design of more potent anticancer compounds. New compounds selectively targeting the triple negative MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells were used to build a 3D-QSAR model.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Junaid
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Felicia Phei Lin Lim
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Lay Hong Chuah
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia
| | - Anton V Dolzhenko
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia Jalan Lagoon Selatan Bandar Sunway Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500 Malaysia .,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University GPO Box U1987 Perth Western Australia 6845 Australia
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Sheyi R, Sharma A, El-Faham A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Phenol as a Modulator in the Chemical Reactivity of 2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine: Rules of the Game II. Aust J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/ch19524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (TCT) is a privileged core that has the capacity to undergo sequential nucleophilic substitution reactions. Three nucleophiles, namely phenol, thiol and amine, were studied and the preferential order of incorporation on TCT was found to be first phenol, second thiol and third amine. The introduction of phenol was achieved at −20°C. The incorporation of this nucleophile in TCT helped to replace the third ‘Cl’ at 35°C, which is compatible with a biological context. The atomic charges on ‘Cl’ calculated by theoretical approaches were consistent with the experimental findings.
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49
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New Palladium(II), Platinum(II) and Silver(I) complexes of 2-amino-4,6-dithio-1,3,5-triazine; synthesis, characterization and DNA binding properties. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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50
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Ibrar A, Kazmi M, Khan A, Halim SA, Saeed A, Mehsud S, Al-Harrasi A, Khan I. Robust therapeutic potential of carbazole-triazine hybrids as a new class of urease inhibitors: A distinctive combination of nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Bioorg Chem 2019; 95:103479. [PMID: 31901517 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of urease enzyme is very important as it plays a key role in the treatment of several urinary and gastrointestinal tract infections. This enzyme provides a suitable environment for Helicobacter pylori at the low pH of the stomach, a causative agent of gastric and peptic ulcer that may lead to cancer. In agriculture, the high urease content causes environmental and economic problems. In this pursuit, given the well-established importance of integrated pharmacophores in medicinal chemistry and to explore new inhibitors of urease featuring two distinct heterocyclic functionalities, we herein report a facile synthesis of carbazole-triazine hybrids (3a-j). These new propeller-shaped chemical scaffolds were evaluated for their urease inhibitory potential in order to identify suitable leads. The initial structure-activity survey work guided through in vitro bioactivity results recognized 3e and 3f as new starting point hits incorporating bulky iodo (3e) and strong electron-withdrawing nitro (3f) groups at the para-position of aryl amine component. The potent compounds (3e &3f) exhibited the highest activity with IC50 values of 5.6 and 6.7 µM, respectively. In the molecular docking analysis, these compounds depicted excellent binding interactions with the active site residues. The key interactions observed include hydrogen bonding, π-π interactions, π-cation and nickel atom coordination to the triazine nitrogen of both inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Kazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat, Rawalpindi Sub-campus, Satellite Town, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Saifullah Mehsud
- Department of Pharmacy, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O Box 33, Postal Code 616, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman.
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
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