1
|
Maji S, Debnath B, Panda S, Manna T, Maity A, Dayaramani R, Nath R, Khan SA, Akhtar MJ. Anticancer Potential of the S-Heterocyclic Ring Containing Drugs and its Bioactivation to Reactive Metabolites. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400473. [PMID: 38723201 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives have been disclosed for binding with a wide range of cancer-specific protein targets. Various interesting derivatives of sulfur-containing heterocyclics such as benzothiazole, thiazole, thiophene, thiazolidinedione, benzothiophene, and phenothiazine, etc have been shown to inhibit diverse signaling pathways implicated in cancer. Significant progress has also been made in molecular targeted therapy against specific enzymes such as kinase receptors due to potential binding interactions inside the ATP pocket. Sulfur-containing heterocyclic ring metal complexes i. e., benzothiazole, thiazole, thiophene, benzothiophene and phenothiazines are among the most promising active anticancer compounds. However, sulfur heteroaromatic rings, particularly thiophene, are of high structural alert due to their metabolism to reactive metabolites. The mere presence of a structural alert itself does not determine compound toxicity therefore, this review focuses on some specific findings that shed light on factors influencing the toxicity. In the current review, synthetic strategies of introducing the sulfur core ring in the synthesized derivatives are discussed with their structure-activity relationships to enhance our understanding of toxicity mechanisms and develop safer therapeutic options. The sulfur-containing marketed anticancer drugs included in this review direct the synthesis of novel compounds and will help in the development of potent, safer sulfur-based anticancer drugs in near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Maji
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Biplab Debnath
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Shambo Panda
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Tanusree Manna
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
| | - Arindam Maity
- JIS University, Agarpara Campus, Kolkata-81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, India
| | - Richa Dayaramani
- Silver Oak Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Silver Oak University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Rajarshi Nath
- Department of Pharmacy, Bharat Technology, Uluberia-711316, Howrah, West Bengal, India
- JIS University, Agarpara Campus, Kolkata-81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata-700109, India
| | - Shah Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba, Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Atmaca H, Ilhan S, Çamli Pulat Ç, Dundar BA, Zora M. Evaluation of Novel Spiro-pyrrolopyridazine Derivatives as Anticancer Compounds: In Vitro Selective Cytotoxicity, Induction of Apoptosis, EGFR Inhibitory Activity, and Molecular Docking Analysis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:23713-23723. [PMID: 38854531 PMCID: PMC11154717 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation, remains a global health challenge. Despite advancements in cancer treatment, drug resistance and adverse effects on normal cells remain challenging. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase protein, is crucial in controlling cell proliferation and is implicated in various cancers. Here, the cytotoxic and apoptotic potential of 21 newly synthesized spiro-pyrrolopyridazine (SPP) derivatives was investigated on breast (MCF-7), lung (H69AR), and prostate (PC-3) cancer cells. XTT assay was used for cytotoxicity assessment. Flow cytometry and western blot (WB) analyses were conducted for apoptosis detection. Additionally, the EGFR inhibitory potential of these derivatives was evaluated via a homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence (HTRF) assay, and WB and molecular docking studies were conducted to analyze the binding affinities of SPP10 with EGFR. SPPs, especially SPP10, exhibit significant cytotoxicity across MCF-7, H69AR, and PC-3 cancer cells with IC50 values of 2.31 ± 0.3, 3.16 ± 0.8, and 4.2 ± 0.2 μM, respectively. Notably, SPP10 demonstrates selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells with a low impact on nontumorigenic cells (IC50 value: 26.8 ± 0.4 μM). Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the potent induction of apoptotic cell death by SPP10 in all of the tested cancer cells. Western blot analysis revealed the involvement of key apoptotic proteins, with SPP10 notably inhibiting antiapoptotic Bcl-2 while inducing pro-apoptotic Bax and cytochrome c. SPP10 exhibited significant EGFR kinase inhibitory activity, surpassing the efficacy of the reference drug erlotinib. Molecular docking studies support these findings, revealing strong binding affinities of SPP10 with both wild-type and mutated EGFR. The study underscores the significance of heterocyclic compounds, particularly spiro-class heterocyclic molecules, in advancing cancer research. Overall, SPP10 emerges as a promising candidate for further investigations in cancer treatment, combining potent cytotoxicity, apoptotic induction, and targeted EGFR inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harika Atmaca
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Ilhan
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Çisil Çamli Pulat
- Applied
Science Research Center, Manisa Celal Bayar
University, Manisa 45140, Turkey
| | - Buse Aysen Dundar
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Metin Zora
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leal MMFV, Silva MFDA, Marques DSC, Mendes RFV, Ximenes RM, Machado DC, Silva Júnior JJDA, Rodrigues CG, Filho IJDAC, Lima MDOCADE. Preliminary evaluation of the toxicological, antioxidant and antitumor activities promoted by the compounds 2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene-thiosemicarbazones an in silico, in vitro and in vivo study. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2024; 96:e20231247. [PMID: 38808881 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202420231247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones are promising classes of compounds with antitumor activity. For this study, six 2,4-dihydroxy-benzylidene-thiosemicarbazones compounds were synthesized. These compounds were submitted to different assays in silico, in vitro and in vivo to evaluate the toxicological, antioxidant and antitumor effects. The in silico results were evaluated by the SwissADME and pkCSM platforms and showed that all compounds had good oral bioavailability profiles. The in vitro and in vivo toxicity assays showed that the compounds showed low cytotoxicity against different normal cells and did not promote hemolytic effects. The single dose acute toxicity test (2000 mg/kg) showed that none of the compounds were toxic to mice. In in vitro antioxidant activity assays, the compounds showed moderate to low activity, with PB17 standing out for the ABTS radical capture assay. The in vivo antioxidant activity highlighted the compounds 1, 6 and 8 that promoted a significant increase in the concentration of liver antioxidant enzymes. Finally, all compounds showed promising antitumor activity against different cell lines, especially MCF-7 and DU145 lines, in addition, they inhibited the growth of sarcoma 180 at concentrations lower than 50 mg/kg. These results showed that the evaluated compounds can be considered as potential antitumor agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayse Manuele F V Leal
- Federal of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Fernanda DA Silva
- Federal of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Federal of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Raudiney Frankilin V Mendes
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Applied Ethnopharmacology, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Ximenes
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Applied Ethnopharmacology, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dijanah C Machado
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Biophysics, Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Janilson José DA Silva Júnior
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Biophysics, Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Gabriel Rodrigues
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Biophysics, Membrane Biophysics Laboratory, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José DA Cruz Filho
- Federal of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria DO Carmo A DE Lima
- Federal of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Iputinga, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Elgubbi AS, El-Helw EAE, Alzahrani AYA, Ramadan SK. Synthesis, computational chemical study, antiproliferative activity screening, and molecular docking of some thiophene-based oxadiazole, triazole, and thiazolidinone derivatives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5926-5940. [PMID: 38362078 PMCID: PMC10867554 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07048d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-2-carbohydrazide was used in this study to produce some thiophene-containing oxadiazole, triazole, and thiazolidinone derivatives through reactions with various carbon-centered electrophiles. Besides, the hydrazone obtained was allowed to react with mercaptoacetic acid and acetic anhydride to construct thiazolidinone and oxadiazole derivatives. The results of computational chemical study and outcomes of the experiments were in good agreement. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of the produced compounds was examined against two human cell lines namely, breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7) and colon cancer (HCT116) cell lines using doxorubicin as a reference anticancer agent. The produced hydrazones and spiro-indolin-oxadiazole derivatives were the most potent against the two cancer cell lines. The molecular docking was conducted to demonstrate the binding energies of produced substances toward human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) protein. The binding energies of these ligands were near to that of the co-crystallized ligand (9FK). Compound 11b exhibits a binding energy of -5.5817 kcal mol-1, indicating tight binding to some key nucleobases and amino acids of CA IX protein, while compound 11a displays a higher binding energy compared to the reference ligand (9FK). This suggests that compounds 11b and 11a display a notably strong binding affinity towards the human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) protein. ADME profiles of the potent compounds including physicochemical characteristics, lipophilicity, and drug-likeness were predicted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amna S Elgubbi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Misurata University 2478 Misurata Libya
| | - Eman A E El-Helw
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Abdullah Y A Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University Mohail Assir Abha Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed K Ramadan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhardwaj A, Kumar M, Bendi A, Garg S. Theoretical and Experimental In-vitro Studies of Novel Thiophene Based Organotellurium(IV) Complexes. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301544. [PMID: 38163258 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Schiff bases are one of the important classes of organic compounds containing imine or azomethine functional groups with potential biological applications in medicinal chemistry. Nowadays, these compounds have attracted the scientific community's attention due to their ability to act as ligands in the formation of stable metal complexes with significant biological activity. In this connection, we have designed and synthesized six novel thiophene-based organoltellurium (IV) complexes using a novel N-((5-methylthiophen-2-yl) methylene)-2-nitroaniline (5MTCONA) schiff base. These complexes underwent analytical investigation (TGA, Powder XRD, SEM, EDAX) as well as spectral analysis (FT-IR, NMR, Mass spectrometry, UV-Vis). The in-vitro pharmacological evaluation of these compounds has been carried out as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents. To further corroborate our findings, we have implemented computational analyses (Semi empirical PM3 method, Molecular Docking, and ADMET) of all the compounds with Spartan-14, Hex-8.0., Swiss ADME software. Precisely, our study integrates experimental and theoretical aspects, offering innovative insights in the field of pharmaceutical sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anjaneyulu Bendi
- Department of Chemistry, Presidency University, Rajanukunte, Itgalpura, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Sapana Garg
- Department of Chemistry, M.D. University, Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang X, Zhu M, Li S, Xu G, Zhang Z, Yang F. Novel mono-, bi-, tri- and tetra-nuclear copper complexes that inhibit tumor growth through apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 250:112403. [PMID: 37866112 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
To develop the next-generation metal agents for efficiently inhibiting tumor growth, a series of novel mononuclear, binuclear and trinuclear copper (Cu) thiophene-2-formaldehyde thiosemicarbazone complexes and a tetranuclear Cu 1,2,4-triazole-derived complex have been synthesized and their structure-activity relationships have been studied. The trinucleated Cu complex showed the strongest inhibitory activity against T24 cells among all the Cu complexes. Its antitumor effect in vivo was superior to that of cisplatin, with reduced side effects. Further studies on the antitumor mechanism have showed that Cu complexes not only induced apoptosis of cancer cells but also inhibited tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting the migration and invasion of vascular endothelial cells, blocking the cell cycle in the G1 phase, and inducing autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China
| | - Minghui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China
| | - Shanhe Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China.
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Silva DVSPD, Nascimento PHDB, Rocha JVRD, Marques DSC, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Araújo HDAD, Cruz Filho IJD, Albuquerque MCPDA, Lima MDCAD, Aires ADL. In vitro activity, ultrastructural analysis and in silico pharmacokinetic properties (ADMET) of thiazole compounds against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. Acta Trop 2023; 245:106965. [PMID: 37295486 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The present work aimed to carry out in vitro biological assays of thiazole compounds against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni, as well as the in silico determination of pharmacokinetic parameters to predict the oral bioavailability of these compounds. In addition to presenting moderate to low cytotoxicity against mammalian cells, thiazole compounds are not considered hemolytic. All compounds were initially tested at concentrations ranging from 200 to 6.25 μM against adult worms of S. mansoni parasites. The results showed the best activity of PBT2 and PBT5 at a concentration of 200 μM, which caused 100% mortality after 3 h of incubation. While at 6 h of exposure, 100% mortality was observed at the concentration of 100 µM. Subsequent studies with these same compounds allowed classifying PBT5, PBT2, PBT6 and PBT3 compounds, which were considered active and PBT1 and PBT4 compounds, which were considered inactive. In the ultrastructural analysis the compounds PBT2 and PBT5 (200 µM) promoted integumentary changes with exposure of the muscles, formation of integumentary blisters, integuments with abnormal morphology and destruction of tubercles and spicules. Therefore, the compounds PBT2 and PBT5 are promising antiparasitics against S. mansoni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Henrique do Bomfim Nascimento
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João Victor Ritinto da Rocha
- Centro de Ciências Médicas - Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego Santa Clara Marques
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil; Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Hallysson Douglas Andrade de Araújo
- Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica. Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50.670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária. CEP 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - André de Lima Aires
- Centro de Biociências, Programa de Pós-graduação em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Médicas - Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Instituto Keizo Asami - iLIKA, UFPE, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, CEP 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar A, Mishra R, Mazumder A, Mazumder R, Varshney S. Exploring Synthesis and Chemotherapeutic Potential of Thiosemicarbazide Analogs. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2023; 23:60-75. [PMID: 35658880 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220603090626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Researchers are continually finding new and more effective medications to battle the diseases. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify the emerging role of Thiosemicarbazide analogs for different types of cancer targets with a glance at different novel synthetic routes reported for their synthesis. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted from various sources over the last 15 years with the inclusion of published research and review articles that involves the synthesis and use of thiosemicarbazide analogs for different targets of cancer. Data from the literature review for synthesis and anticancer potential for specific targets for cancer studies of thiosemicarbazide analogs are summarized in the paper. RESULTS There are several emerging studies for new synthetic routes of thiosemicarbazide derivatives with their role in various types of cancers. The main limitation is the lack of clinical trial of the key findings for the emergence of new anticancer medication with thiosemicarbazide moiety. CONCLUSION Emerging therapies exist for use of a limited number of medications for the treatment of cancer; results of the ongoing studies will provide more robust evidence in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akhalesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rakhi Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Avijit Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Rupa Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| | - Shruti Varshney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge park-2, Plot 19, Greater Noida, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Taniya S, Khanra S, Bhowmik AD, Bandyopadhyay A, Chatterjee S, Chattopadhyay A, Das D. A New Fe(III) Complex Derived from Cyclohexane Based Imine Derivative: Studies on H
2
PO
4
−
Recognition and Anti‐Cancer Activity Against MCF7 and MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seikh Taniya
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan 713104 W.B. India
| | - Somnath Khanra
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan 713104 W.B. India
- Department of Chemistry A. B. N. Seal College Cooch Behar 736101 W.B. India
| | | | - Arindam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Zoology Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235 W. B. India
- Department of Zoology University of Allahabad Prayagraj 211002 U. P. India
| | | | | | - Debasis Das
- Department of Chemistry The University of Burdwan Burdwan 713104 W.B. India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cruz Filho IJDA, Oliveira JFDE, Santos ACS, Pereira VRA, Lima MCADE. Synthesis of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds: in silico and in vitro evaluations as leishmanicidal and trypanocidal agents. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220538. [PMID: 37132749 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a diverse group of communicable pathologies that mainly prevail in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological potential of eight 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds. Tests were carried out in silico to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties, the antioxidant, cytotoxic activities in animal cells and antiparasitic activities were evaluated against the different forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro. The in silico study showed that the evaluated compounds showed good oral availability. In a preliminary in vitro study, the compounds showed moderate to low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity assays show that the compounds showed moderate to low toxicity. In relation to leishmanicidal activity, the compounds presented IC50 values that ranged from 19.86 to 200 µM for the promastigote form, while for the amastigote forms, IC50 ranged from 101 to more than 200 µM. The compounds showed better results against the forms of T. cruzi with IC50 ranging from 1.67 to 100 µM for the trypomastigote form and 1.96 to values greater than 200 µM for the amastigote form. This study showed that thiazole compounds can be used as future antiparasitic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iranildo José DA Cruz Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamerson F DE Oliveira
- University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Av. da Abolição, 3, Centro 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Caroline S Santos
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria R A Pereira
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmo A DE Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tavares da Rocha RE, de Almeida Júnior ASA, Júnior NCP, do Nascimento AV, Leite NMS, de Oliveira JF, Alves de Lima MDC, Feitosa APS, Bezerra de Mélo ME, Brayner FA, Alves LC. Synthesis, in vitro schistosomicidal activity and ultrastructural alterations caused by thiosemicarbazones and thiazolidinones against juvenile and adult Schistosoma mansoni worms (Sambon, 1907). Mol Biochem Parasitol 2022; 252:111520. [PMID: 36122704 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2022.111520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects about 258 million people worldwide. Caused by Schistosoma mansoni, helminth which, in Brazil, it is present on 19 states and capital. Praziquantel (PZQ) treatment presents low efficacy and adverse effects in parasites juvenile stages. Thiosemicarbazones and thiazolidinones are rising as potent chemical groups that have biological activity wide spectrum, and with radical modifications, they may become more effective and selective. Aiming to evaluate the action of these molecules against S. mansoni, JF series thiosemicarbazones and thiazolidinones (LqIT/UFPE) were synthesized: JF30, JF31, JF33, JF34, JF35, JF36, JF38, JF39, JF42 and JF43. Several parameters were evaluated, such as: their cytotoxicity in VERO cells, in vitro schistosomicidal activity for juvenile and adult worms and their action on worms through ultrastructural changes. Cytotoxicity indices ranged from 272 µM to 725 µM. When evaluating mortality rate, adult and juvenile worms showed 100 % mortality rate within 24 h and 48 h, respectively, when exposed to the compounds JF31 and JF43 at a dose of 200 µM. Also, motility, mortality and oviposition parameters were evaluated: JF31 and JF43 presented a score of 0 in 24 h, meaning total absence of movement, whereas no eggs and soft tissue damage were observed under optical microscopy. Through scanning electron microscopy, integumentary alterations caused by the compounds JF31 and JF43 were observed, such as: exposure of the musculature, formation of integumentary bubbles, integuments with abnormal morphology and destruction of tubercles and spikes. The results shoerd that the compound JF31 was 2.39 times more selective for adult worms and JF43 was 3.74 times more selective for juvenile worms. Thus, the compounds JF43 and JF31 are the most promising for presenting schistosomicidal activity of S. mansoni.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubens Emanoel Tavares da Rocha
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Keizo Asami Institute, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Nairomberg Cavalcanti Portela Júnior
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Keizo Asami Institute, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vasconcelos do Nascimento
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Keizo Asami Institute, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Sampaio Feitosa
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Keizo Asami Institute, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Eliane Bezerra de Mélo
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio André Brayner
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Keizo Asami Institute, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Keizo Asami Institute, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil; Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), Department of Parasitology, 50740-465 Recife, PE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Synthesis and Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activity, Topoisomerase IIα Inhibition, DNA Binding and Non-Clinical Toxicity of New Acridine-Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091098. [PMID: 36145320 PMCID: PMC9506480 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of twenty new acridine–thiosemicarbazone derivatives and their antiproliferative activities. Mechanisms of action such as the inhibition of topoisomerase IIα and the interaction with DNA have been studied for some of the most active derivatives by means of both in silico and in vitro methods, and evaluations of the non-clinical toxicities (in vivo) in mice. In general, the compounds showed greater cytotoxicity against B16-F10 cells, with the highest potency for DL-08 (IC50 = 14.79 µM). Derivatives DL-01 (77%), DL-07 (74%) and DL-08 (79%) showed interesting inhibition of topoisomerase IIα when compared to amsacrine, at 100 µM. In silico studies proposed the way of bonding of these compounds and a possible stereoelectronic reason for the absence of enzymatic activity for CL-07 and DL-06. Interactions with DNA presented different spectroscopic effects and indicate that the compound CL-07 has higher affinity for DNA (Kb = 4.75 × 104 M−1; Ksv = 2.6 × 103 M−1). In addition, compounds selected for non-clinical toxicity testing did not show serious signs of toxicity at the dose of 2000 mg/kg in mice; cytotoxic tests performed on leukemic cells (K-562) and its resistant form (K-562 Lucena 1) identified moderate potency for DL-01 and DL-08, with IC50 between 11.45 and 17.32 µM.
Collapse
|
13
|
Cao S, Cheng R, Liu H, Shi W, Yuan Q, Chen J. Comparative studies of three isatin-thiosemicarbazones against corrosion of AA6060 aluminum alloy exposed to acidic NaCl medium. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
14
|
Kalındemirtaş FD, Kaya B, Sert E, Şahin O, Kuruca SE, Ülküseven B. New oxovanadium(IV) complexes overcame drug resistance and increased in vitro cytotoxicity by an apoptotic pathway in breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 363:109997. [PMID: 35654126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the anticancer potential of oxovanadium(IV) complexes with thiosemicarbazone, two new complexes were prepared starting from 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone-S-methylthiosemicarbazone. The complexes with tetradentate thiosemicarbazone ligand were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, ESI MS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was determined by MTT assay. Cisplatin was positive control and the results were compared with those of the normal cells, HUVEC and 3T3. The complexes exhibited greater activity on cancer cells than cisplatin, but they were cytotoxic at several times higher concentrations in the healthy cells. In our study, the presence of thiophene and fluoro groups in the oxovanadium(IV) complexes with thiosemicarbazone increased greatly the cytotoxic activity of the complexes on breast cancer cells. Moreover, the complexes induced apoptosis-mediated cell death and also reduced the expression of MDR-1 or P-glycoprotein and ABCG2. As a result, the findings indicated that the complexes have selective cytotoxicity on breast cancer cells and can overcome multidrug resistance. These properties of the complexes make it possible to be a potential anticancer drug candidate for breast cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Büşra Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Sert
- Department of Hematology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34390, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Şahin
- Department of Occupat Health & Safety, Faculty of Health Sciences, Sinop University, TR-57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Serap Erdem Kuruca
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34390, Çapa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahri Ülküseven
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, 34320, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nuha D, Evren AE, Çiyanci ZŞ, Temel HE, Akalin Çiftçi G, Yurttaş L. Synthesis, density functional theory calculation, molecular docking studies, and evaluation of novel 5-nitrothiophene derivatives for anticancer activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200105. [PMID: 35584987 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Within the scope of this study, new 2-{2-[(5-nitrothiophen-2-yl)methylene]hydrazinyl}thiazole derivatives (2a-j) were synthesized and investigated for their potential anticancer and enzyme inhibition activities. Spectroscopic techniques were used to determine the structures of substances. The anticancer activities of compounds were detected in A549 human lung carcinoma and L929 murine fibroblast cell lines, determining cytotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane integrity, and caspase-3 activation. Compounds 2b bearing 4-nitrophenyl, 2c bearing phenyl, and 2d bearing 4-cyanophenyl moieties were specified with high anticancer activity, acting through an apoptotic pathway with an apoptosis ratio of 9.61%-15.59%. Mitochondrial membrane depolarization was determined to be 25.53% and 22.33% for compounds 2b and 2c, respectively. Furthermore, compound 2c exhibited excellent caspase-3 activation. A molecular docking study was realized with compound 2c on the caspase-3 enzyme. Furthermore, the electronic characteristics of the active compounds were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31G (d, p) level. The frontier molecular orbital energy and atomic net charges were examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Demokrat Nuha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Business and Technology, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Asaf E Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.,Department of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Zennure Ş Çiyanci
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Halide E Temel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalin Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Adhikari HS, Garai A, Thapa M, Adhikari R, Yadav PN. Chitosan functionalized thiophene-2-thiosemicarbazones, and their copper(II) complexes: synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.2022982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hari Sharan Adhikari
- Institute of Engineering, Pashchimanchal Campus, Department of Applied Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Aditya Garai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Machchhendra Thapa
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rameshwar Adhikari
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Research Centre for Applied Science and Technology (RECAST), Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Paras Nath Yadav
- Central Department of Chemistry, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Synthesis and biological activities of new phthalimide and thiazolidine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Lavanya M, Haribabu J, Ramaiah K, Suresh Yadav C, Kumar Chitumalla R, Jang J, Karvembu R, Varada Reddy A, Jagadeesh M. 2′-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde derived thiosemicarbazone metal complexes of copper(II), palladium(II) and zinc(II) ions: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, anticancer activity and DNA binding studies. Inorganica Chim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2021.120440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cheng R, Shi W, Yuan Q, Tang R, Wang Y, Yang D, Xiao X, Zeng J, Chen J, Wang Y. 5-Substituted isatin thiosemicarbazones as inhibitors of tyrosinase: Insights of substituent effects. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 255:119669. [PMID: 33812239 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.119669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seven isatin-thiosemicarbazone analogues bearing different substituents (R) attached at C-5 of the indoline ring, TSC-ISA-R (R = -H, -CH3, -OCH3, -OCF3, -F, -Cl and -NO2), were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase (TYR). The inhibitory behaviour and performance of TSC-ISA-R were investigated spectroscopically in relation to the substituent modifications through examining their inhibition against the diphenolase activity of TYR using L-DOPA as a substrate. The IC50 values of TSC-ISA-R were determined to be in the range of 81-209 μM. The kinetic analysis showed that TSC-ISA-R were reversible and mixed type inhibitors. Three potential non-covalent interactions rather than complexation including the binding of TSC-ISA-R with free TYR, TYR-L-DOPA complex, and with substrate L-DOPA were found to be involved in the inhibition. The substituent modifications affected these interactions by varying the characters of the resulting TSC-ISA-R in different degrees. The thiosemicarbazido moiety of each TSC-ISA-R contributed predominantly to the inhibition, and the isatin moiety seemed to play a regulatory role in the binding of TSC-ISA-R to the target molecules. The results of theoretical calculations using density functional theory method indicated a different effect of -R on the electron distribution in HOMO of TSC-ISA-R. The LUMO-HOMO energy gap of TSC-ISA-R almost accords with the trend of their experimental inhibition potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wenyan Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Qingyun Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Ruiren Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410000, PR China
| | - Yujie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Di Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xin Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Building Materials Research Academy, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jianjun East Rd. 211, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Yanqing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Toxicology and Environmental Ecology, Yancheng Teachers University, Xiwang Avenue South Rd. 2, Yancheng 224007, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mishra R, Kumar N, Mishra I, Sachan N. A Review on Anticancer Activities of Thiophene and Its Analogs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:1944-1965. [PMID: 32669077 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200715104555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the world's second-largest cause of mortality and one of the biggest global health concerns. The prevalence and mortality rates of cancer remain high despite significant progress in cancer therapy. The search for more effective, as well as less toxic treatment methods for cancer, is at the focus of current studies. Thiophene and its derivatives have surged as an influential scaffold, which, because of their appreciable diversity in biological activities, has drawn the concerned interest of the researchers in the field of medicinal chemistry. By the affluent introduction of its derivatives, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities, the adaptability of the thiophene moiety has been displayed. The nature and positioning of the substitutions significantly impacted thiophene moiety activity. This decent array in the living response account about this moiety has picked plentiful researcher's consideration to inquire about it to its peculiar potential across certain activities. In the field of cancer therapy against different cancer cells, the structure-activity relationship for each of the derivatives showed an excellent understanding of thiophene moiety. Information from the various articles revealed the key role of thiophene moiety and its derivatives to develop the vital lead compound. The essential anticancer mechanisms identified include inhibition of the topoisomerase, inhibition of tyrosine kinase, tubulin interaction and apoptosis induction through the activation of reactive oxygen species. This review is an endeavor to promote the anticancer potential of the derivatives, whether having thiophene or condensed thiophene as a core moiety or as a substituent that can lead in the future to synthesize varieties of chemotherapeutic entities in the field of cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghav Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, K.R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon, Haryana, 122103, India
| | - Isha Mishra
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, 281406, India
| | - Neetu Sachan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeng B, Cheng Y, Zheng K, Liu S, Shen L, Hu J, Li Y, Pan X. Design, synthesis and in vivo anticancer activity of novel parthenolide and micheliolide derivatives as NF-κB and STAT3 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2021; 111:104973. [PMID: 34004586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Parthenolide and micheliolide have attracted great attention in anticancer research due to their unique activities. In this study, thirteen parthenolide derivatives and twenty-three micheliolide derivatives were synthesized. Most synthesized compounds showed higher cytotoxicity than parthenolide or micheliolide. The in vivo anticancer activity of several representative compounds was evaluated in mice. One micheliolide derivative, 9-oxomicheliolide (43), showed promising in vivo antitumor activity compared with clinical drugs cyclophosphamide or temozolomide. Compound 43 was particularly effective against glioblastoma, with its tumor inhibition rate in mice comparable to the drug temozolomide. The discovery of compound 43 also demonstrates the feasibility of developing anticancer micheliolide derivatives by modification at C-9 position. Anticancer mechanism studies revealed that 9-oxomicheliolide exhibited inhibition effect against NF-κB and STAT3 signaling pathways, as well as induction effects of cell apoptosis. It is postulated that 9-oxomicheliolide is likely to be a modulator of the immune system, which regulates the anticancer immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Kailu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Shuoxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Longying Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jinping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Xiandao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substances Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
İLHAN CEYLAN B. Oxovanadium(IV) template derived from benzophenone S-allyl thiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, crystal structure, antioxidant activity and electrochemistry. JOURNAL OF THE TURKISH CHEMICAL SOCIETY, SECTION A: CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.18596/jotcsa.911318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
24
|
Condensed-phase relative Gibbs free energy and E/Z descriptors for 2-acetylthiophene and 2-acetylthiophene-N1-phenyl thiosemicarbazones. J Mol Model 2021; 27:101. [PMID: 33660108 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) encompasses a class of compounds relevant in the pharmacological context. Their specific applicability varies in function of the appropriated chemical modification and their binding to different transition metals. In the present work, we apply current standards functionals, B3LYP and B97D, with triple zeta basis set quality, 6-311++G(d,p), to investigate the relative stability of the various possible spatial arrangements for 2-acetylthiophene and 2-acetylthiophene-N1-phenyl thiosemicarbazones, denoted ATTSC and ATTSC-Ph, respectively. The relative stability of neutral and deprotonated species at ethanol described by an implicit solvent model was investigated. For ATTSC, the relative Gibbs energy changed significantly upon deprotonation, and for ATTSC-Ph, a novel global minimum was identified. Based on the present study, deprotonation determines population in condensed-media. Such information, valid for ATTSC and ATTSC-Ph, can be crucial in studying other thiosemicarbazones.
Collapse
|
25
|
Design, synthesis, antiproliferative activity, and cell cycle analysis of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives targeting ribonucleotide reductase. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.102989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
26
|
Anti-inflammatory activity of novel thiosemicarbazone compounds indole-based as COX inhibitors. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:907-925. [PMID: 33590474 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00221-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this article, a series of 20 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential. METHODS The compounds were obtained through a synthetic route of only two steps, with yields that varied between 33.6 and 90.4%, and characterized by spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques. RESULTS An initial screening through the lymphoproliferation assay revealed that compounds LT76, LT81, and LT87 were able to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation, with CC50 of 0.56 ± 0.036, 0.9 ± 0.01 and 0.5 ± 0.07 µM, respectively, better results than indomethacin (CC50 > 12 µM). In addition, these compounds were able to suppress the in-vitro production of TNF-α and NO, in addition to stimulating the production of IL-4. Reinforcing in-vitro assays, the compounds were able to inhibit COX-2 similar to Celecoxib showing greater selectivity for this isoform (LT81 SI: 23.06 versus Celecoxib SI: 11.88). Animal studies showed that compounds LT76 (64.8% inhibition after 6 h), LT81 (89% inhibition after 6 h) and LT87 (100% inhibition after 4 h) were able to suppress edema in mice after inoculation carrageenan with greater potency than indomethacin, and immunohistochemistry revealed that the groups treated with LT76, LT81 and LT87 reduced the expression of COX-2, similar or better results when compared to indomethacin. Complementarily, in-silico studies have shown that these compounds have a good pharmacokinetic profile, for respecting the parameters of Lipinski and Veber, showing their good bioavailability. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the potency of thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole and confirm their importance as scaffolds of molecules with notorious anti-inflammatory activity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Alves JEF, de Oliveira JF, de Lima Souza TRC, de Moura RO, de Carvalho Júnior LB, Alves de Lima MDC, de Almeida SMV. Novel indole-thiazole and indole-thiazolidinone derivatives as DNA groove binders. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 170:622-635. [PMID: 33359805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report the synthesis of eight novel indole-thiazole and indole-thiazolidinone derivatives, as well as their ability to interact with DNA, analysed through the UV-vis absorption, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), viscosity techniques and molecular docking. The ctDNA interaction analysis demonstrated different spectroscopic effects and the affinity constants (Kb) calculated by the UV-vis absorption method were between 2.08 × 105 and 6.99 × 106 M-1, whereas in the fluorescence suppression constants (Ksv) ranged between 0.38 and 0.77 × 104 M-1 and 0.60-7.59 × 104 M-1 using Ethidium Bromide (EB) and 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) as fluorescent probes, respectively. Most derivatives did not alter significantly the secondary structure of the ctDNA according to the CD results. None of the compounds was able to change the relative viscosity of the ctDNA. These results prove that compounds interact with ctDNA via groove binding, which was confirmed by A-T rich oligonucleotide sequence assay with compound JF-252, suggesting the importance of both the phenyl ring coupled to C-4 thiazole ring and the bromo-unsubstituted indole nucleus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba e Bodocongo, Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica (LQIT) - Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Sinara Mônica Vitalino de Almeida
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Universidade de Pernambuco (UPE), Multicampi Garanhuns, Garanhuns, PE 55290-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao B, Zhang X, Yu T, Liu Y, Zhang X, Yao Y, Feng X, Liu H, Yu D, Ma L, Qin S. Discovery of thiosemicarbazone derivatives as effective New Delhi metallo- β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) inhibitors against NDM-1 producing clinical isolates. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:203-221. [PMID: 33532189 PMCID: PMC7838035 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is capable of hydrolyzing nearly all β-lactam antibiotics, posing an emerging threat to public health. There are currently less effective treatment options for treating NDM-1 positive “superbug”, and no promising NDM-1 inhibitors were used in clinical practice. In this study, structure–activity relationship based on thiosemicarbazone derivatives was systematically characterized and their potential activities combined with meropenem (MEM) were evaluated. Compounds 19bg and 19bh exhibited excellent activity against 10 NDM-positive isolate clinical isolates in reversing MEM resistance. Further studies demonstrated compounds 19bg and 19bh were uncompetitive NDM-1 inhibitors with Ki = 0.63 and 0.44 μmol/L, respectively. Molecular docking speculated that compounds 19bg and 19bh were most likely to bind in the allosteric pocket which would affect the catalytic effect of NDM-1 on the substrate meropenem. Toxicity evaluation experiment showed that no hemolysis activities even at concentrations of 1000 mg/mL against red blood cells. In vivo experimental results showed combination of MEM and compound 19bh was markedly effective in treating infections caused by NDM-1 positive strain and prolonging the survival time of sepsis mice. Our finding showed that compound 19bh might be a promising lead in developing new inhibitor to treat NDM-1 producing superbug.
Collapse
Key Words
- (Boc)2O, di-tert-butyl decarbonate
- 3-AP, 3-aminopyridine carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone
- AcOH, acetic acid
- Antibiotic resistance
- Boc, tert-butoxycarbonyl
- CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
- DMAP, 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- DpC, di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- EDTA, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- HR-MS, high-resolution mass spectra
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentrations
- Inhibitor
- K. pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae
- LQTS, long QT syndrome
- MBLs, metallo-β-lactamases class B
- MEM, meropenem
- MHA, Mueller-Hinton Agar
- MHB, Mueller-Hinton Broth
- MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration
- NDM-1, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1
- New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- RBCs, red blood cells
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- THF, tetrahydrofuran
- TLC, thin layer chromatography
- TMS, tetramethylsilane
- Thiosemicarbazone derivatives
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
- conc. HCl, concentrated hydrochloric acid
- r.t., room temperature
Collapse
|
29
|
He ZX, Huo JL, Gong YP, An Q, Zhang X, Qiao H, Yang FF, Zhang XH, Jiao LM, Liu HM, Ma LY, Zhao W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiosemicarbazone-indole derivatives targeting prostate cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112970. [PMID: 33153765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To discover novel anticancer agents with potent and low toxicity, we designed and synthesized a range of new thiosemicarbazone-indole analogues based on lead compound 4 we reported previously. Most compounds displayed moderate to high anticancer activities against five tested tumor cells (PC3, EC109, DU-145, MGC803, MCF-7). Specifically, the represented compound 16f possessed strong antiproliferative potency and high selectivity toward PC3 cells with the IC50 value of 0.054 μM, compared with normal WPMY-1 cells with the IC50 value of 19.470 μM. Preliminary mechanism research indicated that compound 16f could significantly suppress prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU-145) growth and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, derivative 16f induced G1/S cycle arrest and apoptosis, which may be related to ROS accumulation due to the activation of MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, molecule 16f could effectively inhibit tumor growth through a xenograft model bearing PC3 cells and had no evident toxicity in vivo. Overall, based on the biological activity evaluation, analogue 16f can be viewed as a potential lead compound for further development of novel anti-prostate cancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang-Xu He
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Jin-Ling Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yun-Peng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Qi An
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hui Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Fei-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Le-Min Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
de Paiva PP, Nunes JHB, Nonato FR, Ruiz ALTG, Zafred RRT, Sousa IMO, Okubo MY, Kawano DF, Monteiro PA, Foglio MA, Carvalho JE. In Silico, In Vitro, and In Vivo Antitumor and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of a Standardized Alkaloid-Enriched Fraction Obtained from Boehmeria caudata Sw. Aerial Parts. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25174018. [PMID: 32899132 PMCID: PMC7504783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25174018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of the cancer-inflammation relationship and the use of natural products as potential antitumor and anti-inflammatory agents, the alkaloid-enriched fraction of Boehmeriacaudata (BcAEF) aerial parts was evaluated. In vitro antiproliferative studies with human tumor cell lines showed high activity at low concentrations. Further investigation on NCI-H460 cells showed an irreversible effect on cell proliferation, with cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and programmed cell death induction. Molecular docking studies of four alkaloids identified in BcAEF with colchicine’s binding site on β-tubulin were performed, suggesting (−)-C (15R)-hydroxycryptopleurine as the main inductor of the observed mitotic death. In vivo studies showed that BcAEF was able to reduce Ehrlich tumor volume progression by 30 to 40%. Checking myeloperoxidase activity, BcAEF reduced neutrophils migration towards the tumor. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by chemically induced edema models. In croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenan (CG)-induced paw edema models, BcAEF reduced edema around 70 to 80% together with inhibition of activation and/or migration of neutrophils to the inflammatory area. All together the results presented herein show BcAEF as a potent antitumor agent combining antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, which could be further explored in (pre)clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula P. de Paiva
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3521-7715
| | - Julia H. B. Nunes
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiana R. Nonato
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
| | - Ana L. T. G. Ruiz
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Rafael R. T. Zafred
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
| | - Ilza M. O. Sousa
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Márcia Y. Okubo
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
- Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Piracicaba-SP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel F. Kawano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - Paula A. Monteiro
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Chemical, Biological and Agricultural Pluridisciplinary Research Center (CPQBA), University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Paulínia-SP 13148-218, Brazil; (J.H.B.N.); (F.R.N.); (A.L.T.G.R.); (I.M.O.S.); (M.Y.O.)
| | - Mary A. Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| | - João E. Carvalho
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-862, Brazil; (R.R.T.Z.); (P.A.M.); (J.E.C.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas-SP 13083-871, Brazil; (D.F.K.); (M.A.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Molecular events and cytotoxic effects of a novel thiosemicarbazone derivative in human leukemia and lymphoma cell lines. Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Ther 2020; 14:51-64. [PMID: 32763229 DOI: 10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of 38 new thiosemicarbazone derivatives on hematological neoplastic cells lines and to select the most effective compounds to investigate the main molecular mechanisms involved in cell death. Cytotoxicity screening on Daudi and Jurkat cells revealed that only compound 1b met the selection criteria; therefore, it was chosen for further investigation. Cell viability of Daudi, Jurkat, Molt-4, Namalwa, K562, and MM.1S cell lines decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner after compound1b incubation; nevertheless the compound neither caused significant hemolysis nor reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell viability. Although no changes were observed on cell cycle or Ki-67 expression, compound1b induced apoptotic-like cell death with mitochondrial involvement, Bax/Bcl-2 inversion, AIF release, survivin inhibition, and caspase-3 activation in both Daudi and Jurkat cells. Furthermore, the compound reduced NFκB expression in Jurkat cells. In Daudi cells, compound1b also decreased CHOP, Akt, pAkt, and MAPK/ERK2 expression, thereby suggesting modulation of UPR, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. Finally, the compound was able to reduce the cell viability of samples collected from patients with different lymphoid neoplasms subtypes, showing that thiosemicarbazones derivatives could be used in the development of new drugs with anticancer activity.
Collapse
|
32
|
Archna, Pathania S, Chawla PA. Thiophene-based derivatives as anticancer agents: An overview on decade's work. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:104026. [PMID: 32599369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds hold a pivotal place in medicinal chemistry due to their wide range of biological activities and thus, are exhaustively explored in the field of drug design and development. Continuous efforts are being carried out for the development of medicinal agents especially, for dreadful diseases like cancer. Thiophene, a sulfur containing heterocyclic scaffold, has emerged as one of the relatively well-explored scaffold for the development of library of molecules having potential anticancer profile. Thiophene analogs have been reported to bind with a wide range of cancer-specific protein targets, depending on the nature and position of substitutions. Accordingly, thiophene analogs have been reported to cause their biological action through inhibition of different signaling pathways involved in cancer. Functionally, different anticancer targets require different structural features, so researchers have tried to synthesize new thiophene derivatives with varied substitutions. In the present review, authors have presented the information available on thiophene-based molecules as anticancer agents with special focus on synthetic methodologies, biological profile and structure activity relationship (SAR) studies. Various patents granted for thiophene containing molecules as anticancer have also been included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Archna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Shelly Pathania
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142001, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Thiosemicarbazone-based lead optimization to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity anti-gastric cancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112349. [PMID: 32438199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing different aromatic heterocyclic groups were synthesized and the tridentate donor system of the lead compound was optimized. Most of the target compounds showed improved antiproliferative activity against MGC803 cells. SAR studies revealed that compound 5d displayed significant advantages in inhibition effect with an IC50 value of 0.031 μM, and better selectivity between cancer and normal cells than 3-AP and DpC (about 15- and 5-fold improved respectively). Besides, compound 5d showed selective antiproliferative activity in not only other cancer cells but also different gastric cancer cell lines. In-depth mechanism studies showed that compound 5d could induce mitochondria-related apoptosis which might be related to the elevation of intracellular ROS level, and cause cell cycle arrest at S phase. Moreover, 5d could evidently suppress the cell migration and invasion by blocking the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) process. Consequently, our studies provided a lead optimization strategy of thiosemicarbazone derivatives which would contribute to discover high-efficiency and low-toxicity agents for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Collapse
|
34
|
Singh A, Singh G, Bedi PMS. Thiophene derivatives: A potent multitargeted pharmacological scaffold. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesGuru Nanak Dev University Amritsar Punjab India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryKhalsa College of Pharmacy Amritsar Punjab India
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaur K, Jaitak V. Recent Development in Indole Derivatives as Anticancer Agents for Breast Cancer. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:962-983. [PMID: 30864529 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190312125602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast Cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer related deaths in women. Due to severe side effects and multidrug resistance, current therapies like hormonal therapy, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy become ineffective. Also, the existing drugs for BC treatment are associated with several drawbacks such as poor oral bioavailability, non-selectivity and poor pharmacodynamics properties. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of more effective and safer anti BC agents. OBJECTIVE This article explored in detail the possibilities of indole-based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents with breast cancer as their major target. METHODS Recent literature related to indole derivatives endowed with encouraging anti BC potential is reviewed. With special focus on BC, this review offers a detailed account of multiple mechanisms of action of various indole derivatives: aromatase inhibitor, tubulin inhibitor, microtubule inhibitor, targeting estrogen receptor, DNA-binding mechanism, induction of apoptosis, inhibition of PI3K/AkT/NFkB/mTOR, and HDAC inhibitors, by which these derivatives have shown promising anticancer potential. RESULTS Exhaustive literature survey indicated that indole derivatives are associated with properties of inducing apoptosis and disturbing tubulin assembly. Indoles are also associated with the inhibition of NFkB/mTOR/PI3K/AkT and regulation of estrogen-mediated activity. Furthermore, indole derivatives have been found to modulate critical targets such as topoisomerase and HDAC. These derivatives have shown significant activity against breast cancer cells. CONCLUSION In BC, indole derivatives seem to be quite competent and act through various mechanisms that are well established in case of BC. This review has shown that indole derivatives can further be explored for the betterment of BC chemotherapy. A lot of potential is still hidden which demands to be discovered for upgrading BC chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamalpreet Kaur
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda (Pb) -151001, India
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Nehar OK, Mahboub R, Louhibi S, Roisnel T, Aissaoui M. New thiosemicarbazone Schiff base ligands: Synthesis, characterization, catecholase study and hemolytic activity. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
37
|
He Z, Qiao H, Yang F, Zhou W, Gong Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhao B, Ma L, Liu HM, Zhao W. Novel thiosemicarbazone derivatives containing indole fragment as potent and selective anticancer agent. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111764. [PMID: 31614257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
38
|
Novel indol-3-yl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Obtaining, evaluation of in vitro leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural studies. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 315:108899. [PMID: 31738906 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.108899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still represent serious public health problems, since the high and steady emergence of resistant strains is evident. Because parasitic infections are distributed predominantly in developing countries, less toxic, more efficient, safer and more accessible drugs have become desirable in the treatment of the infected population. This is the case of leishmaniasis, an infectious disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania sp., responsible for triggering pathological processes from the simplest to the most severe forms leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In the search for new leishmanicidal drugs, the thiosemicarbazones and the indole fragments have been identified as promising structures for leishmanicidal activity. The present study proposes the synthesis and structural characterization of new indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives (2a-j), in addition to performing in vitro evaluations through cytotoxicity assays using macrophages (J774) activity against forms of Leishmania infantum and Leishmania amazonensis promastigote as well as ultrastructural analyzes in promastigotes of L. infantum. Results show that the indole-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were obtained with yield values varying from 32.09 to 94.64%. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds presented CC50 values between 53.23 and 357.97 μM. Concerning the evaluation against L. amazonensis promastigote forms, IC50 values ranged between 12.31 and > 481.52 μM, while the activity against L. infantum promastigotes obtained IC50 values between 4.36 and 23.35 μM. The compounds 2d and 2i tested against L. infantum were the most promising in the series, as they showed the lowest IC50 values: 5.60 and 4.36 respectively. The parasites treated with the compounds 2d and 2i showed several structural alterations, such as shrinkage of the cell body, shortening and loss of the flagellum, intense mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization of the cytoplasm leading the parasite to cellular unviability. Therefore, the indole-thiosemicarbazone compounds are promising because they yield considerable synthesis, have low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells and act as leishmanicidal agents.
Collapse
|
39
|
Ribeiro AG, Almeida SMVD, de Oliveira JF, Souza TRCDL, Santos KLD, Albuquerque APDB, Nogueira MCDBL, Carvalho Junior LBD, Moura ROD, da Silva AC, Pereira VRA, Castro MCABD, Lima MDCAD. Novel 4-quinoline-thiosemicarbazone derivatives: Synthesis, antiproliferative activity, in vitro and in silico biomacromolecule interaction studies and topoisomerase inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 182:111592. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
40
|
Nehar O, Louhibi S, Roisnel T. Synthesis and crystal structure of ( E)-2-({2-[aza-niumyl-idene(methyl-sulfan-yl)meth-yl]hydrazinyl-idene}meth-yl)benzene-1,4-diol hydrogen sulfate. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2019; 75:1738-1740. [PMID: 31709100 PMCID: PMC6829723 DOI: 10.1107/s2056989019014233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The title mol-ecular salt, C9H12N3O2S+·HSO4 -, was obtained through the protonation of the azomethine N atom in a sulfuric acid medium. The crystal com-prises two entities, a thio-semicarbazide cation and a hydrogen sulfate anion. The cation is essentially planar and is further stabilized by a strong intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bond. In the crystal, a three-dimensional network is established through O-H⋯O and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A weak intermolecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bond is also observed. The hydrogen sulfate anion exhibits disorder over two sets of sites and was modelled with refined occupancies of 0.501 (6) and 0.499 (6).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Nehar
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Environnement, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Samira Louhibi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique et Environnement, Université de Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000 Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Centre de Diffractometrie X, UMR 6226 CNRS, Unit Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, Universite de Rennes I, 263 Avenue du General Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Roque Marques KM, do Desterro MR, de Arruda SM, de Araújo Neto LN, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Almeida SMV, da Silva ECD, de Aquino TM, da Silva-Júnior EF, de Araújo-Júnior JX, de M Silva M, de A Dantas MD, Santos JCC, Figueiredo IM, Bazin MA, Marchand P, da Silva TG, Mendonça Junior FJB. 5-Nitro-Thiophene-Thiosemicarbazone Derivatives Present Antitumor Activity Mediated by Apoptosis and DNA Intercalation. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1075-1091. [PMID: 31223089 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190621120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the need for the development of new antitumor drugs, associated with the great antitumor potential of thiophene and thiosemicarbazonic derivatives, in this work we promote molecular hybridization approach to synthesize new compounds with increased anticancer activity. OBJECTIVE Investigate the antitumor activity and their likely mechanisms of action of a series of N-substituted 2-(5-nitro-thiophene)-thiosemicarbazone derivatives. METHODS Methods were performed in vitro (cytotoxicity, cell cycle progression, morphological analysis, mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation and topoisomerase assay), spectroscopic (DNA interaction studies), and in silico studies (docking and molecular modelling). RESULTS Most of the compounds presented significant inhibitory activity; the NCIH-292 cell line was the most resistant, and the HL-60 cell line was the most sensitive. The most promising compound was LNN-05 with IC50 values ranging from 0.5 to 1.9 µg.mL-1. The in vitro studies revealed that LNN-05 was able to depolarize (dose-dependently) the mitochondrial membrane, induceG1 phase cell cycle arrest noticeably, promote morphological cell changes associated with apoptosis in chronic human myelocytic leukaemia (K-562) cells, and presented no topoisomerase II inhibition. Spectroscopic UV-vis and molecular fluorescence studies showed that LNN compounds interact with ctDNA forming supramolecular complexes. Intercalation between nitrogenous bases was revealed through KI quenching and competitive ethidium bromide assays. Docking and Molecular Dynamics suggested that 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazone compounds interact against the larger DNA groove, and corroborating the spectroscopic results, may assume an intercalating interaction mode. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight 5-nitro-thiophene-thiosemicarbazone derivatives, especially LNN-05, as a promising new class of compounds for further studies to provide new anticancer therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla Mirella Roque Marques
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Rodrigues do Desterro
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Sandrine Maria de Arruda
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Nascimento de Araújo Neto
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | | - Edjan Carlos Dantas da Silva
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | | | - João Xavier de Araújo-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Nursing and Pharmacy School, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Marina de M Silva
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Maria Dayanne de A Dantas
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha C Santos
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Isis M Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Development and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio-AL, Brazil
| | - Marc-Antoine Bazin
- Universite de Nantes, Cibles et medicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Universite de Nantes, Cibles et medicaments des infections et du cancer, IICiMed, EA1155, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Bioactive Products Prospecting Laboratory, Department of Antibiotics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
de Almeida Júnior ASA, de Oliveira JF, da Silva AL, da Rocha RET, Junior NCP, Gouveia ALA, da Silva RMF, de Azevedo Albuquerque MCP, Brayner FA, Alves LC, do Carmo Alves de Lima M. In vitro activity, ultrastructural studies and in silico pharmacokinetic properties of indol-3-yl-thiosemicarbazones derivatives and analogues against juvenile and adult worms of S. mansoni. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:104985. [PMID: 31283945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.104985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present work aimed to carry out in vitro biological assays of indol-3-yl derivatives thiosemicarbazones (2a-e) and 4-thiazolidinones (3a-d) against juvenile and adult worms of S. mansoni, as well as the in silico determination of pharmacokinetic parameters for the prediction of the oral bioavailability of these derivatives. All compounds were initially screened at a concentration of 200 μM against S. mansoni adult worms and the results evidenced the good activity of compounds 2b, 2d and 3b, which caused 100% mortality after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Subsequent studies with these same compounds revealed that compound 2b was able to reduce the viability of the parasites by 85% and 83% at concentrations of 200 and 100 μM, respectively. In relation to the juvenile worms, all compounds (2b, 2d and 3b) were able to cause mortality, but compound 2b demonstrated better activity causing 100% mortality in 48 h. Additionally, it was possible to observe reduction in the viability of juvenile worms of 85%, 81% and 64% at concentrations of 200, 100 and 50 μM, respectively. Several ultrastructural damages were observed when adult and juvenile S. mansoni worms were exposed to compound 2b (200 μM) that was characterized by extensive destruction by the integument, which may justify the mortality rate of cultured parasites. In the DNA interaction assay, fragmentation of the genetic material of adult worms when treated with compound 2b (200 μM) was evidenced, indicating the apoptosis process as mechanism of parasite death. Regarding pharmacokinetic properties, all derivatives are according to the required parameters, predicting good oral bioavailability for the studied compounds. The results presented in this study reveal the good activity of compound 2b in both adult and juvenile worms of S. mansoni, pointing this compound as promising in the development of further studies on schistosomicidal activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Sérgio Alves de Almeida Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Departamento de Antibióticos, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Anekécia Lauro da Silva
- Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (UNIVASF), Departamento de Medicina, 48607-190 Paulo Afonso, BA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fábio André Brayner
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Jiang GB, Zhang WY, He M, Gu YY, Bai L, Wang YJ, Yi QY, Du F. Design and synthesis of new ruthenium polypyridyl complexes with potent antitumor activity in vitro. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 220:117132. [PMID: 31146211 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We herein report the synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity of BTPIP (2-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-2-yl)phenyl)-1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) and its four ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes [Ru(NN)2(BTPIP)](ClO4)2 (N-N = bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, Ru(II)-1; phen = 1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(II)-2; dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, Ru(II)-3; dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(II)-4). The DNA binding behaviors reveal that the complexes bind to calf thymus DNA by intercalation. Cytotoxicity of the complexes against A549, HepG-2, SGC-7901 and Hela cells were evaluated in vitro. Complexes Ru(II)-1, Ru(II)-2, Ru(II)-3, Ru(II)-4 show moderate activity on the cell proliferation in A549 cells with IC50 values of 9.3 ± 1.2, 12.1 ± 1.6, 10.3 ± 1.6, 8.9 ± 1.2 μM, respectively. Apoptosis assessment, intracellular mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), location in mitochondria, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell invasion assay and cell cycle arrest were also performed to explore the mechanism of this action. When the concentration of the ruthenium(II) complexes is increased, the amount of reactive oxygen species increases obviously and the mitochondrial membrane potential decreases dramatically in A549 cells. Most importantly, the ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes could arrive the cytoplasm through the cell membrane and accumulate in the mitochondria. These results showed that the ruthenium(II) complexes could induce apoptosis in A549 cells through an ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Function Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China.
| | - Wen-Yao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Miao He
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yi-Ying Gu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Lan Bai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yang-Jie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qiao-Yan Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fan Du
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bakherad Z, Mohammadi-Khanaposhtani M, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Rezaei S, Fassihi A, Bakherad M, Rastegar H, Biglar M, Saghaie L, Larijani B, Mahdavi M. New thiosemicarbazide-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
45
|
Yu P, Deng J, Cai J, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Hamid Khan M, Liang H, Yang F. Anticancer and biological properties of a Zn-2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(thiosemicarbazone) complex. Metallomics 2019; 11:1372-1386. [PMID: 31267119 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00124g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, to develop a multi-target anticancer metal agent and achieve a "1 + 1 > 2" pharmaceutical effect, we rationally designed and synthesized five complexes (C1-C5) by synergistically exploiting the properties of Zn(ii) and a series of modified 2,6-diacetylpyridine bis(thiosemicarbazone) ligands. By investigating the structure-activity relationships, we found that the binuclear Zn(ii) complex (C5) acts against human bladder cancer cells (T-24) with significant cytotoxicity. We subsequently determined the multiple anticancer mechanisms of C5 to T-24 cells, including inhibiting the activity of topoisomerase I (Topo I), blocking the cell cycle in the S phase, and inducing apoptosis and autophagy in T-24 cells. Furthermore, C5 inhibited the migration of T-24 cells and showed a significant cytostatic effect in the T-24 3D spheroid model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Jungang Deng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Jinhua Cai
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jinggangshan University, Jian, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Juzheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Muhammad Hamid Khan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Feng Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A novel thiosemicarbazone as a promising effective and selective compound for acute leukemia. Anticancer Drugs 2019; 30:828-837. [PMID: 30932944 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemias are a heterogeneous group of aggressive malignant neoplasms associated with severe morbidities due to the nonselectivity of current chemotherapeutic drugs to nonmalignant cells. The investigation of novel natural and synthetic structures that might be used for the development of new drugs with greater efficiency and selectivity to leukemic cells is mandatory. In this context, thiosemicarbazones have been well described in the literature by their several biological properties and their reaction is known as versatile, low-cost, and highly chemoselective. With this perspective, this study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect and the main death mechanisms of a novel thiosemicarbazone (LAP17) on acute leukemia cell lines K562 and Jurkat. The results show that the strong cytotoxic effect of LAP17 to leukemic cells is due to apoptosis induction, which resulted in caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. Intrinsic apoptosis seems to be related to the inversion of Bax/Bcl-2 expression, ΔΨm loss, and AIF release, whereas extrinsic apoptosis was initiated by FasR. Gene-expression profiling of HL-60 cells treated with LAP17 by the microarray technique revealed a significant enrichment of gene sets related to cell cycle arrest at G2/M. Accordingly, K562 and Jurkat cells treated with LAP17 revealed a clear arrest at G2/M phase. Taking into consideration that LAP17 was not cytotoxic to nonhematological cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cell and erythrocytes), these results suggest that LAP17 is a promising new compound that might be used as a prototype for the development of new antileukemic agents.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bakherad Z, Safavi M, Fassihi A, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Bakherad M, Rastegar H, Ghasemi JB, Sepehri S, Saghaie L, Mahdavi M. Anti-cancer, anti-oxidant and molecular docking studies of thiosemicarbazone indole-based derivatives. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03765-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
48
|
In vitro and in vivo cytotoxic activity and human serum albumin interaction for a methoxy-styryl-thiosemicarbazone. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:994-1005. [PMID: 30661149 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-00722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thiosemicarbazone is a class of compounds with potential applications in medicine, presenting high capacity to inhibit the growth of cancer cells as well as low toxicity. Because of high interest in anticancer studies involving thiosemicarbazones as new chemotherapeutic agents, a synthetic thiosemicarbazone derivative, 4-N-(2'-methoxy-styryl)-thiosemicarbazone (MTSC) was evaluated in vivo against Ehrlich carcinoma in an animal model. In vivo results demonstrated that MTSC treatment induced the survival of mice and altered significantly the body weight of the surviving mice 12 days after tumor inoculation. Treatment with 30 mg/kg of MTSC exhibited effective cytotoxic activity with T/C values of 150.49% (1 dose) and 278% (2 doses). Its interaction with human serum albumin (HSA), which plays a crucial role in the biodistribution of a wide variety of ligands, was investigated by multiple spectroscopic techniques at 296 K, 303 K, and 310 K, as well as by theoretical calculations. The interaction between HSA and MTSC occurs via ground-state association in the subdomain IIA (Sudlow's site I). The binding is moderate (Ka ≈ 104 M-1), spontaneous, entropically, and enthalpically driven. Molecular docking results suggested hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions as the main binding forces. Overall, the interaction HSA:MTSC could provide therapeutic benefits, improving its cytotoxic efficacy and tolerability.
Collapse
|
49
|
Singh AK, Saxena G, Singh RK, Kumari L, Sharma R, Singh SK, Sahabzada, Arshad M. Design, Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Ruthenium Complexes of Flavonethiosemicarbazones as Antiproliferative and Mycobacterial Activities. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Ravindra K. Singh
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Lovely Kumari
- Department of Chemistry; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Rishabh Sharma
- Microbiology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuran Extension; Lucknow 226 031 India
| | - Sudheer K. Singh
- Microbiology Division; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuran Extension; Lucknow 226 031 India
| | - Sahabzada
- Department of Zoology; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| | - Mohamad Arshad
- Department of Zoology; University of Lucknow; Lucknow 226 007 India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Elhinnawi MA, Mohareb RM, Rady HM, Khalil WKB, Abd Elhalim MM, Elmegeed GA. Novel pregnenolone derivatives modulate apoptosis via Bcl-2 family genes in hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:125-136. [PMID: 29898413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of pregnenolone derivatives were synthesized and assessed for anti-cancer activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2). The synthesized hetero-steroids (compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8a and 8b) were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Apoptotic activity was assessed using dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining method and DNA fragmentation assay. Pro-apoptotic genes (Bax and Bak) and anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL) were analyzed using quantitative real time PCR. The results revealed that compounds 4 and 6 displayed cytotoxic activity (IC50s, 36.97 ± 2.18 and 18.46 ± 0.64 μM, respectively), while compounds 5 and 7 exhibited weak cytotoxic activity (IC50s, 93.87 ± 8.30 μM and 93.48 ± 4.14 μM, respectively). All synthesized heterocyclic pregnenolone derivatives induced apoptosis through DNA fragmentation. Compounds 4 and 6 increased early and late apoptotic cell percentages while compounds 3, 5, 7 and 8b increased either early or late apoptotic cell percentage. Moreover, compounds 3, 6 and 8b up-regulated the expression level of Bak gene. On the other hand, compounds 4, 5, 7 and 8a down-regulated the Bcl-2 expression level, besides, compounds 5, 7 and 8a down-regulated the Bcl-xL expression level. Compounds 5, 7, 8a and 8b increased the Bak/Bcl-xL ratio, besides, compound 8a raised the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio whereas compound 5 elevated Bax/Bcl-2 and Bak/Bcl-2 ratios. The present work introduced novel pro-apoptotic pregnenolone derivatives that acted against HepG2 cells through DNA fragmentation, apoptotic morphological changes and were able to increase the pro-apoptotic/anti-apoptotic ratios of Bcl-2 family genes. This study particularly revealed that the cytotoxic compound 4 is the most promising pro-apoptotic compound among other synthesized derivatives where it induced apoptosis (late and early) through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafat M Mohareb
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Rady
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal A Elmegeed
- Hormones Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|