Overcoming chloroquine resistance in malaria: Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationships of novel chemoreversal agents

Selective 1,2-Aryl-Aminoalkylation of Alkenes Enabled by Metallaphotoredox Catalysis

A highly chemo- and regioselective intermolecular 1,2-aryl-aminoalkylation of alkenes by photoredox/nickel dual catalysis is described here. This three-component conjunctive cross-coupling is highlighted by its first application of primary alkyl radicals, which were not compatible in previous reports. The readily prepared α-silyl amines could be transferred to α-amino radicals by photo-induced single electron transfer step. The radical addition/cross-coupling cascade reaction proceeds under mild, base-free and redox-neutral conditions with good functional group tolerance, and importantly, provides an efficient and concise method for the synthesis of structurally valuable α-aryl substituted γ-amino acid derivatives motifs.

Application of carbamyl in structural optimization

Carbamyl is considered a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry. It has a wide range of biological activities such as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-epilepsy, for which the best evidence is a number of marketed carbamyl-containing drugs. Carbamyl is formed of primary amine and carbonyl moieties that act as hydrogen bond donors and hydrogen acceptors with residues of targets respectively, which are benefit for improving pharmacological activities. In other cases, the introduced carbamyl improves drug-like properties including oral bioavailability. In this review, we introduce the carbamyl-containing drugs and the application of carbamyl in structural optimization as a result of enhancing activities or/and drug-like properties.

A Review Exploring Therapeutic Worth of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Tailored Compounds

1,3,4-Oxadiazole, a five-membered aromatic ring can be seen in a number of synthetic molecules. The peculiar structural feature of 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring with pyridine type of nitrogen atom is beneficial for 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives to have effective binding with different enzymes and receptors in biological systems through numerous weak interactions, thereby eliciting an array of bioactivities. Research in the area of development of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-based derivatives has become an interesting topic for the scientists. A number of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds with high therapeutic potency are being extensively used for the treatment of different ailments, contributing to enormous development value. This work provides a systematic and comprehensive review highlighting current developments of 1,3,4-oxadiazole based compounds in the entire range of medicinal chemistry such as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents. It is believed that this review will be of great help for new thoughts in the pursuit for rational designs for the development of more active and less toxic 1,3,4-oxadiazole based medicinal agents.

Synthesis and antimalarial potential of some novel quinoline-pyrazolopyridine derivatives

A series of 1-(4-methylquinolin-2-yl)-4,6-diaryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-amine derivatives was synthesized by the reaction of 3-cinnamoyl-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-ones with 2-chloro-4,6-diphenylnicotinonitrile analogues in the presence of 2-hydrazino-4-methyl quinoline and ethanol. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and mass spectral data. The synthetic series of novel quinoline-pyrazolopyridine hybrids were screened for in vitro schizont maturation assay against chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum, from which the most five active analogues were further evaluated for in vivo 4-day suppressive test in Swiss albino mice. Among the series, 5p (containing 4-Cl substituent attached to both aryl ring) portrayed considerable potent antimalarial activity during in vitro as well as in vivo study.

Flow cytometry what you see matters: Enhanced clinical detection using image-based flow cytometry

Image-based flow cytometry combines the throughput of traditional flow cytometry with the ability to visually confirm findings and collect novel data that would not be possible otherwise. Since image-based flow cytometry borrows measurement parameters and analysis techniques from microscopy, it is possible to collect unique measures (i.e. nuclear translocation, co-localization, cellular synapse, cellular endocytosis, etc.) that would not be possible with traditional flow cytometry. The ability to collect unique outcomes has led many researchers to develop novel assays for the monitoring and detection of a variety of clinical conditions and diseases. In many cases, investigators have innovated and expanded classical assays to provide new insight regarding clinical conditions and chronic disease. Beyond human clinical applications, image-based flow cytometry has been used to monitor marine biology changes, nano-particles for solar cell production, and particle quality in pharmaceuticals. This review article summarizes work from the major scientists working in the field of image-based flow cytometry.