1
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Dai L, Qin F, Xie Y, Zhang B, Zhang Z, Liang S, Chen F, Huang X, Wang H. Antitumor activity and mechanisms of dual EGFR/DNA-targeting strategy for the treatment of lung cancer with EGFRL858R/T790M mutation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 135:106510. [PMID: 37018899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Dual- or multi-targeted EGFR inhibitors as single drugs can overcome EGFR inhibitor resistance and circumvent many disadvantages of combination therapy. In this work, fifteen 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives bearing nitrogen mustard or hemi mustard moieties were designed and synthesized as dual EGFR-DNA targeting anticancer agents. Structures of target molecules were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-MS, and evaluated for their in vitro anti-proliferative activities using MTT assay. Compound 6g emerged as the most potent derivative against mutant-type H1975 cells with IC50 value of 1.45 μM, which exhibited 4-fold stronger potency than Chl/Gef (equimolar combination of chlorambucil and gefitinib). Kinase inhibition studies indicated that 6g showed excellent inhibitory effect on EGFRL858R/T790M enzyme, which was 8.6 times more effective than gefitinib. Mechanistic studies indicated that 6g induced apoptosis of H1975 cells in a dose-dependent manner and caused DNA damage. Importantly, 6g could significantly inhibit the expression of p-EGFR and its downstream p-AKT and p-ERK in H1975 cells. Molecular docking was also performed to gain insights into the ligand-binding interactions of 6g inside EGFRWT and EGFRL858R/T790M binding sites. Moreover, 6g efficiently inhibited tumor growth in the H1975 xenograft model without side effects.
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2
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Jia F, Sang T, He J, Liu Y, Liu J, Ma X, Liu P. K2S2O8-promoted C3-thiocyanation of pyrazole [1,5-a] pyrimidine-7-amines. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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3
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Hammouda MM, Gaffer HE, Elattar KM. Insights into the medicinal chemistry of heterocycles integrated with a pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine scaffold. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1150-1196. [PMID: 36325400 PMCID: PMC9580358 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00192f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are the dominant motif of many drugs; for instance, zaleplon and indiplon are sedative agents and ocinaplon was identified as an anxiolytic agent. The importance of this class of compounds lies in its varied and significant biological activities, and accordingly, considerable methods have been devised to prepare these compounds. Hence, other derivatives of this class of compounds were prepared by substitution reactions with different nucleophiles exploiting the activity of groups linked to the ring carbon and nitrogen atoms. The methods used vary through the condensation reactions of the aminopyrazoles with 1,2-allenic, enaminonitriles, enaminones, 1,3-diketones, unsaturated nitriles, or unsaturated ketones. Alternatively, these compounds are prepared through the reactions of acyclic reagents, as these methods were recently developed efficiently with high yields. The current review highlighted the recent progress of the therapeutic potential of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as antimicrobial, anticancer, antianxiety, anti-proliferative, analgesic, and antioxidant agents, carboxylesterase, translocator protein and PDE10A inhibitors, and selective kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Hammouda
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Al-Kharj 11942 Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt
| | - Hatem E Gaffer
- Dyeing and Printing Department, Textile Research Division, National Research Center Dokki Cairo 12622 Egypt
| | - Khaled M Elattar
- Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Mansoura 35516 Egypt +201010655354
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4
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Bromo‐Substituted Diazenyl‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐2‐amines: Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reaction, Photophysical Properties, Bio‐Interaction and HSA light‐up sensor. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200248. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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5
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Tang L, Qin F, Huang F, Xu D, Hu Q, Zhang W. Magnetic Fe
3
O
4
@Ag Nanoparticles Catalyzed C–C Cross‐coupling Reaction of Aromatic Alcohols. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy Wannan Medical College Wuhu P.R. China
| | - Feng Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Dongping Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Qiyan Hu
- School of Pharmacy Wannan Medical College Wuhu P.R. China
| | - Wu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule‐Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University Wuhu P. R. China
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6
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Eze CC, Ezeokonkwo AM, Ugwu ID, Eze UF, Onyeyilim EL, Attah IS, Okonkwo IV. Azole-pyrimidine Hybrid Anticancer Agents: A Review of Molecular Structure, Structure Activity Relationship and Molecular Docking. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:2822-2851. [PMID: 35306990 DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220318090147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has emerged as one of the leading causes of deaths globally partly due to the steady rise in anticancer drug resistance. Pyrimidine and pyrimidine-fused heterocycles are some of the privileged scaffolds in medicine, as they possess diverse biological properties. Pyrimidines containing azole nucleus possesses inestimable anticancer potency and has enormous potential to conduct the regulation of cellular pathways for selective anticancer activity. The present review outlines the molecular structure of pyrimidine-fused azoles with significant anticancer activity. The structure activity relationship and molecular docking studies have also been discussed. The current review is the first complete compilation of significant literature on the proposed topic from 2016 to 2020. The information contained in this review offers a useful insight to chemists in the design of new and potent anticancer azole-pyrimidine analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinweike Cosmas Eze
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | | | - Izuchukwu David Ugwu
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Uchenna Florence Eze
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ebuka Leonard Onyeyilim
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Izuchi Solomon Attah
- Department of Pure & Industrial Chemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Ifeoma Vivian Okonkwo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
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7
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Elgiushy HR, Mohamed SH, Taha H, Sawaf H, Hassan Z, Abou-Taleb NA, El-labbad EM, Hassan AS, Abouzid KA, Hammad SF. Identification of a promising hit from a new series of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine based compounds as a potential anticancer agent with potent CDK1 inhibitory and pro-apoptotic properties through a multistep in vitro assessment. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105646. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Elattar KM, El-Mekabaty A. Bicyclic 5-6 Systems: Comprehensive Synthetic Strategies for the Annulations of Pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines. Curr Org Synth 2021; 18:547-586. [PMID: 33966620 DOI: 10.2174/1570179418666210509015108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazolopyrimidines are a privileged class of 5-6 bicyclic systems with three or four nitrogen atoms, including four possible isomeric structures. The significance of this class of compounds is that they can be applied in medical and pharmaceutical fields due to their unlimited biological aptitude, hence it is the basic skeleton of several synthetic drugs. The current review aimed to highlight all the synthetic routes that have been applied to construct the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine ring systems up to date. The sections in this study included the synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines by condensation reactions of 5-aminopyrazoles with each of β-diketones, 1,5-diketones, β- ketoaldehydes, α-cyanoaldehydes, β-enaminones, enamines, enaminonitriles, ethers, with unsaturated ketones, unsaturated thiones, unsaturated esters, unsaturated dienones "1,2-allenic", unsaturated aldehydes, unsaturated imines, and unsaturated nitriles. The routes adopted to synthesize this class of heterocyclic compounds were extended for ring construction from acyclic reagents and multicomponent reactions under catalytic or catalyst-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Elattar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Mekabaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Agarwal S, Sau S, Iyer AK, Dixit A, Kashaw SK. Multiple strategies for the treatment of invasive breast carcinoma: A comprehensive prospective. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:585-611. [PMID: 34715356 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we emphasize on evolving therapeutic strategies and advances in the treatment of breast cancer (BC). This includes small-molecule inhibitors under preclinical and clinical investigation, phytoconstituents with antiproliferative potential, targeted therapies as antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), vaccines as immunotherapeutic agents and peptides as a novel approach inhibiting the interaction of oncogenic proteins. We provide an update of molecules under different phases of clinical investigation which aid in the identification of loopholes or shortcomings that can be overcomed with future breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India
| | - Samaresh Sau
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Arun K Iyer
- Use-inspired Biomaterials & Integrated Nano Delivery (U-BiND) Systems Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA; Molecular Imaging Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | | | - Sushil K Kashaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr Harisingh Gour University, Sagar, MP, India.
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Mahapatra A, Prasad T, Sharma T. Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.
Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.
Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.
Graphical abstract
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11
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Arias-Gómez A, Godoy A, Portilla J. Functional Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines: Current Approaches in Synthetic Transformations and Uses As an Antitumor Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:2708. [PMID: 34063043 PMCID: PMC8125733 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (PP) derivatives are an enormous family of N-heterocyclic compounds that possess a high impact in medicinal chemistry and have attracted a great deal of attention in material science recently due to their significant photophysical properties. Consequently, various researchers have developed different synthesis pathways for the preparation and post-functionalization of this functional scaffold. These transformations improve the structural diversity and allow a synergic effect between new synthetic routes and the possible applications of these compounds. This contribution focuses on an overview of the current advances (2015-2021) in the synthesis and functionalization of diverse pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines. Moreover, the discussion highlights their anticancer potential and enzymatic inhibitory activity, which hopefully could lead to new rational and efficient designs of drugs bearing the pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine core.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia; (A.A.-G.); (A.G.)
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12
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Wu S, Wang S, Zhu M, Gao E. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, DNA BINDING,
AND ANTICANCER ABILITY OF A Co(II) COMPLEX CONSTRUCTED
BY 2-PROPYL-1H-IMIDAZOLE-4,5-DICARBOXYLIC ACID. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620120112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Hebishy AMS, Salama HT, Elgemeie GH. New Route to the Synthesis of Benzamide-Based 5-Aminopyrazoles and Their Fused Heterocycles Showing Remarkable Antiavian Influenza Virus Activity. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25104-25112. [PMID: 33043189 PMCID: PMC7542596 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a new route to the synthesis of novel benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles and their corresponding pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives. Benzamide-based 5-aminopyrazoles were prepared through a reaction of benzoyl isothiocyanate with malononitrile in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with alkyl halides and then a reaction with hydrazine. In an attempt to react benzoyl isothiocyanate with ethyl cyanoacetate in KOH-EtOH followed by alkylation with methyl iodide at room temperature and then a reaction with hydrazine has resulted in the formation of 3-ethoxy-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole. The structures of the new compounds were characterized by mass spectroscopy, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (IR), and X-ray analysis. The new compounds were tested in vitro for their anti-influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) activity. Among the synthesized compounds, eight compounds 3b, 4, 10b, 10c, 12a, 19, 21a, and 21b were found to possess significant antiviral activities against bird flu influenza (H5N1) with viral reduction in the range of 85-65%.
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Rao RN, Chanda K. An assessment study of known pyrazolopyrimidines: Chemical methodology and cellular activity. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103801. [PMID: 32278206 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen atom play a key role in the normal life cycle of a cell. Pyrazolopyrimidine is a privileged class of nitrogen containing fused heterocyclic compound contributing to a major portion of all lead molecules in medicinal chemistry. The thumbprint of pyrazolopyrimidine as a pharmacophore is always noticeable due to its analogy with the adenine base in DNA. Pyrazolopyrimidines are divided into five types [I, II, III, IV, V] based on the mechanism of action on the specific target conferring a wide scope of research which has accelerated the interest of researchers to investigate its biological profile. In 1956, the anti-cancer activity of pyrazolopyrimidine was evaluated for the first time with appreciable results. Since then, medicinal chemists centered their work on various methods of synthesis and evaluating the biological profile of pyrazolopyrimidine isomers. This report consists of novel methodologies followed to synthesize pyrazolopyrimidine isomers along with a note on their biological significance. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be first of its kind to encompass different synthetic procedures along with anti-cancer, kinase inhibition, phosphodiesterase inhibition and receptor blocking activity of pyrazolopyrimidine moieties. IC50 values of potent compounds are added wherever necessary to understand the suitability of pyrazolopyrimidine skeletons for a specific biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishanth Rao
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kaushik Chanda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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Cuartas V, Robledo SM, Vélez ID, Crespo MDP, Sortino M, Zacchino S, Nogueras M, Cobo J, Upegui Y, Pineda T, Yepes L, Insuasty B. New thiazolyl‐pyrazoline derivatives bearing nitrogen mustard as potential antimicrobial and antiprotozoal agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900351. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Cuartas
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad del ValleCali Colombia
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics‐CIBioFIUniversidad del ValleCali Colombia
| | - Sara M. Robledo
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellín Colombia
| | - Iván D. Vélez
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellín Colombia
| | - María del Pilar Crespo
- Grupo de Biotecnología e Infecciones Bacterianas, Departamento de MicrobiologíaUniversidad del ValleCali Colombia
| | - Maximiliano Sortino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de RosarioRosario Argentina
| | - Susana Zacchino
- Área Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y FarmacéuticasUniversidad Nacional de RosarioRosario Argentina
| | - Manuel Nogueras
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistryUniversidad de JaénJaén Spain
| | - Justo Cobo
- Department of Inorganic and Organic ChemistryUniversidad de JaénJaén Spain
| | - Yulieth Upegui
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellín Colombia
| | - Tatiana Pineda
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellín Colombia
| | - Lina Yepes
- PECET, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de AntioquiaMedellín Colombia
| | - Braulio Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación de Compuestos Heterocíclicos, Departamento de QuímicaUniversidad del ValleCali Colombia
- Centre for Bioinformatics and Photonics‐CIBioFIUniversidad del ValleCali Colombia
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Ding Y, Ma R, Hider RC, Ma Y. Acid‐Catalyzed Pseudo Five‐Component Annulation for a General One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,4,6‐Triaryl Pyrimidines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical EngineeringTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 P R China
| | - Renchao Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical EngineeringTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P. R. China
| | - Robert C. Hider
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College London Franklin-Wilkins Building Stamford Street London SE1 9NH UK
| | - Yongmin Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical and Chemical EngineeringTaizhou University Taizhou 318000 P. R. China
- School of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang Chinese Medical University Hangzhou 310053 P R China
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Qin Y, Long D, Zhu X, Zhou Z, Chai H, Zhao C. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and DFT Study of a New Compound 6-(2-Fluorophenyl)-N-(p-Tolyl)Imidazo[1,2-A]Pyridine-2-Carboxamide. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619120072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Gu W, Zhu Y, Wang S. Novel camphor-based pyrimidine derivatives induced cancer cell death through a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29711-29720. [PMID: 35531556 PMCID: PMC9071996 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel camphor-based pyrimidine derivatives (3a–3x) have been synthesized; their structures were determined by using conventional methods and compound 3f was further confirmed through single crystal XRD analysis. The cytotoxic activity of the target compounds against a panel of human normal (GES-1) and cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, RPMI-8226, A549) was evaluated by MTS assay. Here we found that compound 3f exhibited the strongest anti-tumor activity, comparable to that of etoposide, and had much lower cytotoxicity to normal GES-1 cells (IC50 > 50 μM) than the reference drug (IC50 = 8.89 μM). Subsequent mechanism studies in MDA-MB-231 cells revealed that compound 3f caused G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and enhancement of cellular ROS levels were also observed upon 3f treatment, which indicated that 3f exerted cytotoxic activity by a ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. This result was confirmed by a significant increase in the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cytochrome C and caspase-3, and downregulation of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2. Overall, 3f can be adopted for further investigation in the development of antitumor agents based on natural products. A series of novel camphor-based pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and characterized. We found the compound 3f exhibited strongest anti-tumor activity via ROS-mediated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 People's Republic of China +86 25 85427812 +86 25 85427812
| | - Yunyun Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 People's Republic of China +86 25 85427812 +86 25 85427812
| | - Yuxun Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 People's Republic of China +86 25 85427812 +86 25 85427812
| | - Wen Gu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 People's Republic of China +86 25 85427812 +86 25 85427812.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Zhu
- Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd Nanjing 210046 P. R. China
| | - Shifa Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 People's Republic of China +86 25 85427812 +86 25 85427812.,Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 P. R. China
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Diethelm-Varela B, Ai Y, Liang D, Xue F. Nitrogen Mustards as Anticancer Chemotherapies: Historic Perspective, Current Developments and Future Trends. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:691-712. [PMID: 30931858 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190401100519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustards, a family of DNA alkylating agents, marked the start of cancer pharmacotherapy. While traditionally characterized by their dose-limiting toxic effects, nitrogen mustards have been the subject of intense research efforts, which have led to safer and more effective agents. Even though the alkylating prodrug mustards were first developed decades ago, active research on ways to improve their selectivity and cytotoxic efficacy is a currently active topic of research. This review addresses the historical development of the nitrogen mustards, outlining their mechanism of action, and discussing the improvements on their therapeutic profile made through rational structure modifications. A special emphasis is made on discussing the nitrogen mustard prodrug category, with Cyclophosphamide (CPA) serving as the main highlight. Selected insights on the latest developments on nitrogen mustards are then provided, limiting such information to agents that preserve the original nitrogen mustard mechanism as their primary mode of action. Additionally, future trends that might follow in the quest to optimize these invaluable chemotherapeutic medications are succinctly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Diethelm-Varela
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Yong Ai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Dongdong Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Fengtian Xue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Abstract
Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are fused N-heterocyclic systems of a pyrazole. They are considered as a key structural motif in many vital applications, such as medicinal, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, dyes and pigments. Their synthetic routes have escalated dramatically in the last decades. The current review is a recent synthetic survey of pyrazolo[ 1,5-a]pyrimidines and their applications until recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Al-Azmi
- Chemistry Department, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait
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21
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El-Naggar M, Hassan AS, Awad HM, Mady MF. Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Novel Pyrazolopyrimidines and Pyrazoloquinazolines. Molecules 2018; 23:E1249. [PMID: 29882908 PMCID: PMC6100441 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-aryl-7-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 18a⁻u and N-aryl-pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines 25a⁻c were designed and synthesized via the reaction of 5-aminopyrazoles 11a⁻c with enaminones 12a⁻g or 19, respectively. The new compounds were screened for their in vitro antitumor activity toward liver (HepG-2) and breast (MCF-7) human cancer cells using 3-[4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide MTT assay. From the results, it was found that all compounds showed dose-dependent cytotoxic activities against both HepG-2 and MCF-7 cells. Two compounds 18o and 18a were selected for further investigations. Cell cycle analysis of liver (HepG-2) cells treated with 18o and breast (MCF-7) cells treated with 18a showed cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and pro-apoptotic activity as indicated by annexin V-FITC staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El-Naggar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, UAE.
| | - Ashraf S Hassan
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Hanem M Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F Mady
- Department of Green Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
- Deaprtment of Chemistry, Bio Science and Environmental Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Stavanger, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway.
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22
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Therapeutic journery of nitrogen mustard as alkylating anticancer agents: Historic to future perspectives. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:401-433. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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23
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Synthesis of Some Novel Thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidine and Pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazine Derivatives and their Antimicrobial Evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Castillo JC, Rosero HA, Portilla J. Simple access toward 3-halo- and 3-nitro-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines through a one-pot sequence. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04336h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a regioselective, time-efficient and one-pot route for the synthesis of diversely substituted 3-halo- and 3-nitropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields through a microwave-assisted process is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Carlos Castillo
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Hernán-Alejandro Rosero
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
| | - Jaime Portilla
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group
- Department of Chemistry
- Universidad de los Andes
- Bogotá 111711
- Colombia
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25
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Wang D, Fang Y, Wang H, Xu X, Liu J, Zhang H. Synthesis and evaluation of novel F-18-labeled pyrimidine derivatives: potential FAK inhibitors and PET imaging agents for cancer detection. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28851k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compound [18F]-8a exhibited good in vivo biodistribution data in mice bearing S180 tumor. And the microPET imaging study of [18F]-8a in S180 tumor-bearing mice was also preformed, which illustrated that the uptake in S180 tumor at 60 min post-injection of [18F]-8a was obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Xu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
| | - Huabei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals of Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- People's Republic of China
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