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Wojaczyńska E, Ostrowska M, Lower M, Czyżyk N, Jakieła A, Marra A. Recent Advances in Synthesis and Applications of Calixarene Derivatives Endowed with Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2024; 29:4240. [PMID: 39275088 PMCID: PMC11397654 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29174240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Calix[n]arenes, macrocycles constituted of 4-8 phenol moieties linked through methylene bridges, are stable molecules that can be selectively functionalised at the upper or lower rim. It has already been demonstrated that calixarene derivatives can be biologically or pharmacologically active compounds. More recently, suitably functionalised calixarenes and calixarene analogues (dihomooxacalixarenes, thiacalixarenes, calix[4]resorcinols, azacalixarenes, calixpyrroles, and pillarenes) were found to act as anticancer agents, at least in in vitro assays. We are reporting on the latest progress in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Ostrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lower
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Czyżyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jakieła
- Clinical Department of Clinical Oncology, 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic in Wrocław, R. Weigla 5, 50-981 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alberto Marra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Université de Montpellier, 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
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Ye X, Wang Q, Sun M, Chen L, Jia A, Zhang Q. Syntheses and biological activities of calix[4]resorcinarene derivatives modified by sulfonic acid and sulfonamides. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25115-25119. [PMID: 39139234 PMCID: PMC11317879 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Functionalization of C-propyl-resorcinolcalix[4]arene (1a) and C-iso-butyl-resorcinolcalix[4]arene (1b) with sodium sulfite and formaldehyde solution gave two corresponding sulfonatomethylated calix[4]resorcinarenes 2a/b. Further modification of 2a/b with different primary amines afforded three calix[4]resorcinarene sulfonamides 3a/b and 4c. Antibacterial and antitumor tests were performed on the starting calix[4]resorcinarenes and their sulfonic acid and sulfonamide derivatives. The results showed that in terms of antimicrobial activity calix[4]resorcinarenes and their derivatives showed bacteriostatic activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Of which compound 1b was the most effective against Escherichia coli with a MIC value of 6.25 mg mL; compound 2b was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus with a MIC value of 3.12 mg mL-1. In terms of antitumor activity, calix[4]resorcinarenes and their derivatives showed inhibitory effects on the three tumor cells selected for the experiment. Among them, the survival rate of A549 was 76.03% in the presence of 40 μM 1b, and the survival rates of HepG2 and MDA-MB-321 were 28.66% and 65.39% in the presence of 40 μM 2b, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Ye
- Insitute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Insitute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China
| | - Meng Sun
- Insitute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China
| | - Lusi Chen
- Insitute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China
| | - Aiquan Jia
- Insitute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China
| | - Qianfeng Zhang
- Insitute of Molecular Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Anhui University of Technology 59 Hudong Road Ma'anshan Anhui 243002 P. R. China
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Oguz A, Saglik BN, Oguz M, Ozturk B, Yilmaz M. Novel mitochondrial and DNA damaging fluorescent Calix[4]arenes bearing isatin groups as aromatase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 98:117586. [PMID: 38171252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer causes a high rate of mortality all over the world. Therefore, the present study focuses on the anticancer activity of new lower rim-functionalized calix[4]arenes integrated with isatin and the p-position of calixarenes with 1,4-dimethylpyridinium iodine against various human cancer cells such as MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, as well as the PNT1A healthy epithelial cell line. It was observed that compound 6c had the lowest values in MCF-7 (8.83 µM) and MDA-MB-231 (3.32 µM). Cell imaging and apoptotic activity studies were performed using confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively. The confocal imaging studies with 6c showed that the compound easily entered the cell, and it was observed that 6c accumulated in the mitochondria. The Comet assay test was used to detect DNA damage of compounds in cells. It was found that treated cells had abnormal tail nuclei and damaged DNA structures compared with untreated cells. In vitro human aromatase enzyme inhibition profiles showed that compound 6c had a remarkable inhibitory effect on aromatase. Compound 6c displayed a significant inhibition capacity on aromatase enzyme with the IC50 value of 0.104 ± 0.004 µM. Thus, not only the anticancer activity of the new fluorescent derivatives, which are the subject of this study, but the aromatase inhibitory profiles have also been proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Oguz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Begum Nurpelin Saglik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Oguz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Ozturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, 42131 Konya, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Selcuk, Campus, 42031 Konya, Turkey.
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4
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Davis F, Higson SPJ. Synthetic Receptors for Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:953. [PMID: 37998127 PMCID: PMC10669836 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Over recent decades, synthetic macrocyclic compounds have attracted interest from the scientific community due to their ability to selectively and reversibly form complexes with a huge variety of guest moieties. These molecules have been studied within a wide range of sensing and other fields. Within this review, we will give an overview of the most common synthetic macrocyclic compounds including cyclodextrins, calixarenes, calixresorcinarenes, pillarenes and cucurbiturils. These species all display the ability to form a wide range of complexes. This makes these compounds suitable in the field of cancer detection since they can bind to either cancer cell surfaces or indeed to marker compounds for a wide variety of cancers. The formation of such complexes allows sensitive and selective detection and quantification of such guests. Many of these compounds also show potential for the detection and encapsulation of environmental carcinogens. Furthermore, many anti-cancer drugs, although effective in in vitro tests, are not suitable for use directly for cancer treatment due to low solubility, inherent instability in in vivo environments or an inability to be adsorbed by or transported to the required sites for treatment. The reversible encapsulation of these species in a macrocyclic compound can greatly improve their solubility, stability and transport to required sites where they can be released for maximum therapeutic effect. Within this review, we intend to present the use of these species both in cancer sensing and treatment. The various macrocyclic compound families will be described, along with brief descriptions of their synthesis and properties, with an outline of their use in cancer detection and usage as therapeutic agents. Their use in the sensing of environmental carcinogens as well as their potential utilisation in the clean-up of some of these species will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Séamus P. J. Higson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK;
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Muravev AA, Voloshina AD, Sapunova AS, Gabdrakhmanova FB, Lenina OA, Petrov KA, Shityakov S, Skorb EV, Solovieva SE, Antipin IS. Calix[4]arene-pyrazole conjugates as potential cancer therapeutics. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106742. [PMID: 37480816 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumor selectivity is yet a challenge in chemotherapy-based cancer treatment. A series of calixarenes derivatized at the lower rim with 3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole units with variable upper-rim substituent and conformations of macrocyclic core, alkyl chain length between heterocycle and core, as well as phenolic monomer (5-(4-tert-butylphenyloxy)methoxy-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazole) have been synthesized and characterized in a range of therapeutically relevant cellular models (M-HeLa, MCF7, A-549, PC3, Chang liver, and Wi38) from different target organs/systems. Specific cytotoxicity for M-HeLa cells has been observed in tert-butylcalix[4]arene pyrazoles in 1,3-alternate (compound 7b) and partial cone (compound 7c) conformations with low mutagenicity and haemotoxicity and in vivo toxicity in mice. Compounds 7b,c have induced mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis of M-HeLa cells through caspase-9 activation preceded by the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. A concomitant overexpression of DNA damage markers in pyrazole-treated M-HeLa cells suggests that calixarene pyrazoles target DNA, which was supported by the presence of interactions between calixarenes and ctDNA at the air-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Muravev
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosov Str. 9, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia; Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia.
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Farida B Gabdrakhmanova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Oksana A Lenina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Petrov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosov Str. 9, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosov Str. 9, 191002 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Svetlana E Solovieva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, Arbuzov Str. 8, 420088 Kazan, Russia
| | - Igor S Antipin
- Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia
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Wang Y, Tang R, Wang D, Wang J, Huang Y, Ding Y, Lu B, Sun Y, Stang PJ, Yao Y. Platinum(II)-Metallaclip-Based Theranostics for Cell Imaging and Synergetic Chemotherapy-Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1786-1790. [PMID: 35767467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular coordination complexes formed by coordination-induced assembly not only avoid the loss of activity of precursors but also provide an efficient way for controlled release, which can be further used in various fields of biology such as drug delivery, cell imaging, and tumor treatment. In this work, a PtII metallaclip (4) was prepared from 4-[4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)phenyl]pyridine (1), 5,10,15-triphenyl-20-(pyridin-4-yl)porphyrin (2), 90o Pt, and glycol-chain-modified isophthalic acid (3) in an acetone/water mixture through the "coordination-driven self-assembly" method. 31P and 1H NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used to characterize the obtained metallaclip 4. 4 can self-assemble into fluorescent nanostructures in aqueous solution because of the tetraphenylethylene unit and its amphiphilic nature. Importantly, the fluorescent nanoparticles not only can be employed for cell imaging but also can generate singlet oxygen (1O2) under 660 nm laser irradiation and the release of Pt drug in the tumor issue for cancer therapy. The work may provide a new way for scientists to construct functional biomaterials with multiple applications via molecular self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Ruowen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Di Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yuying Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Bing Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States.,Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, P. R. China
| | - Peter J Stang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P. R. China
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Ma L, Tang R, Zhou Y, Bei J, Wang Y, Chen T, Ou C, Han Y, Yan CG, Yao Y. Pillar[5]arene-based [1]rotaxanes with salicylaldimine as the stopper: synthesis, characterization and application in the fluorescence turn-on sensing of Zn 2+ in water. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8978-8981. [PMID: 35861323 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02893j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Two pillar[5]arene-based [1]rotaxanes with salicylaldimine as the stopper were synthesized and characterized fully, and could be further applied in the fluorescence turn-on sensing of Zn2+ in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longtao Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China.
| | - Ruowen Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Youjun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Jiali Bei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Changjin Ou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
| | - Ying Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China.
| | - Chao-Guo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, P. R. China.
| | - Yong Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, P. R. China.
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8
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Synthesis and anticancer activity of new p-tertbutylcalix[4]arenes integrated with trifluoromethyl aniline groups against several cell lines. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Isik A, Oguz M, Kocak A, Yilmaz M. Calixarenes: recent progress in supramolecular chemistry for application in cancer therapy. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-022-01134-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Oguz M, Yildirim A, Durmus IM, Karakurt S, Yilmaz M. Synthesis of new calix[4]arene derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxic activity. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02813-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Yildirim A, Karakurt S, Yilmaz M. Synthesized Two New Water‐Soluble Fluorescents Calix[4]arene 4‐sulfo‐1,8‐naphthalimide Derivatives Inhibit Proliferation of Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cells. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Yildirim
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 142075 Konya Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Department of Biochemistry Selcuk University 142075 Konya Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry Selcuk University 142075 Konya Turkey
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12
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Huang T, Wu X, Yan S, Liu T, Yin X. Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of novel spiroketopyrazoles as acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors and potential antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113036. [PMID: 33276990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is a rate-limiting enzyme in de novo fatty acid synthesis, which plays a critical role in the growth and survival of cancer cells. In this study, a series of spiroketopyrazole derivatives bearing quinoline moieties were synthesized, and in vitro anticancer activities of these compounds as ACC inhibitors were evaluated. The biological evaluation showed that compound 7j exhibited the strongest enzyme inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.29 nM), while compound 7m displayed the most potent anti-proliferative activity against A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 cells with corresponding IC50 values of 0.55, 0.38, and 1.65 μM, respectively. The preliminary pharmacological studies confirmed that compound 7m reduced the intracellular malonyl-CoA and TG levels in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, it could down-regulate cyclin D1 and CDK4 to disturb the cell cycle and up-regulate Bax, caspase-3, and PARP along with the suppression of Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis. Notably, the combination of 7m with doxorubicin synergistically decreased the HepG2 cell viability. These results indicated that compound 7m as a single agent, or in combination with other antitumor drugs, might be a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghui Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Xuzhou Medical University Science Park, 221000, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shirong Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianya Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 221002, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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13
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of calix[4]arene-based carbonyl amide derivatives with antitumor activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112984. [PMID: 33183867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calixarenes, with potential functionalization on the upper and lower rim, have been explored in recent years for the design and construction of anticancer agents in the field of drugs and pharmaceuticals. Herein, optimization of bis [N-(2-hydroxyethyl) aminocarbonylmethoxyl substituted calix [4] arene (CLX-4) using structure-based drug design and traditional medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of series of calix [4]arene carbonyl amide derivatives 5a-5t. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of 5a-5t employing MTT assay in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 (human breast cancer cells), HT29 (human colon carcinoma cells), HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cells), A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma cells) and HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial) cells demonstrated that the most promising compound 5h displayed the most superior inhibitory effect against A549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which were 3.2 times and 6.8 times of CLX-4, respectively. In addition, the cell inhibition rate (at 10 μM) against normal HUVEC cells in vitro was only 9.6%, indicating the safty of compound 5h. Moreover, compound 5h could inhibit the migration of MDA-MB-231 cell in wound healing assay. Further mechanism studies significantly indicated that compound 5h could block MDA-MB-231 cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase by down regulating cyclin D1 and CDK4, and induce apoptosis by up-regulation of Bax, down-regulation of Caspase-3, PARP and Bcl-2 proteins, resulting in the reduction of DNA synthesis and cell division arrest. This work provides worthy of further exploration for the promising calixarene-based anticancer drugs.
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14
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Oguz M, Gul A, Karakurt S, Yilmaz M. Synthesis of New Picolylamine Bearing Calix[8]arene Derivatives as Antiproliferative Agents for Colorectal Carcinoma. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz
- Selcuk University Department of Chemistry 42075 Konya Turkey
- Department of Advanced Material and Nanotechnology Selcuk University 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Alev Gul
- Selcuk University Department of Chemistry 42075 Konya Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Selcuk University Department of Biochemistry Konya 42075 Turkey
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Selcuk University Department of Chemistry 42075 Konya Turkey
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15
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Pan Y, Hu X, Guo D. Biomedizinische Anwendungen von Calixarenen: Stand der Wissenschaft und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin‐Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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16
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Pan Y, Hu X, Guo D. Biomedical Applications of Calixarenes: State of the Art and Perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2768-2794. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Chen Pan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin‐Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Dong‐Sheng Guo
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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17
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Wrobel EC, de Lara LS, do Carmo TAS, Castellen P, Lazzarotto M, de Lázaro SR, Camilo A, Caseli L, Schmidt R, DeWolf CE, Wohnrath K. The antibacterial activity of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene and its effect on a membrane model: molecular dynamics and Langmuir film studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:6154-6166. [PMID: 32124897 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00432d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial activity of a calixarene derivative, p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene (Calix6), was assessed and was shown not to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis bacteria. With the aim of gaining more insights into the absence of antibacterial activity of Calix6, the interaction of this derivative with DPPG, a bacterial cell membrane lipid, was studied. Langmuir monolayers were used as the model membrane. Pure DPPG and pure Calix6 monolayers, as well as binary DPPG:Calix6 mixtures were studied using surface pressure measurements, compressional modulus, Brewster angle and fluorescence microscopies, ellipsometry, polarization-modulation infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations. Thermodynamic properties of the mixed monolayers were additionally calculated using thermodynamic parameters. The analysis of isotherms showed that Calix6 significantly affects the DPPG monolayers, modifying the isotherm profile and increasing the molecular area, in agreement with the molecular dynamics simulations. The presence of Calix6 in the mixed monolayers decreased the interfacial elasticity, indicating that calixarene disrupts the strong intermolecular interactions of DPPG hindering its organization into a compact arrangement. At low molar ratios of Calix6, the DPPG:Calix6 interactions are preferentially attractive, due to the interactions between the hydrophobic tails of DPPG and the tert-butyl groups of Calix6. Increasing the proportion of calixarene generates repulsive interactions. Calix6 significantly affects the hydrophobic tail organization, which was confirmed by PM-IRRAS measurements. Calix6 appears to be expelled from the mixed films at a biologically relevant surface pressure, π = 30 mN m-1, indicating a low interaction with the cell membrane model related to the absence of antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen C Wrobel
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Par84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucas S de Lara
- Department of Physics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Taiza A S do Carmo
- Academic Department of Mathematic, Universidade Federal Tecnológica do Paraná - Campus Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84016-210, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Castellen
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Par84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Lazzarotto
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R de Lázaro
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Par84030-900, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Camilo
- Department of Physics, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paraná 84030-900, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo (SP) 09972-970, Brazil
| | - Rolf Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Concordia Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Christine E DeWolf
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Concordia Centre for NanoScience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Québec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Karen Wohnrath
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Par84030-900, Brazil.
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18
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Calix[4]API-s: fully functionalized calix[4]arene-based facial active pharmaceutical ingredients. Mol Divers 2020; 25:1247-1258. [PMID: 32006298 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10042-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review covers 25 fully functionalized facial calix[4]arene-based symmetrical and conical cyclic tetramers with significant (comparable to established therapeutic agents) anticancer and anti-infective activities. The main role of the calixarene scaffold in these calix[4]arene-based active pharmaceutical ingredients (calix[4]API-s) is to replicate embedded phenolic units in the cyclic tetramers. So, probably owing to the multivalency, facial, conical structures of calix[4]API-s and synergistic effect of their four replicated units, they can be considered as effective bioactive agents.
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Kashapov RR, Razuvayeva YS, Ziganshina AY, Mukhitova RK, Sapunova AS, Voloshina AD, Nizameev IR, Kadirov MK, Zakharova LY. Design of N-Methyl-d-Glucamine-Based Resorcin[4]arene Nanoparticles for Enhanced Apoptosis Effects. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:40-49. [PMID: 31746611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The addition of specific chemical groups in a macrocycle structure influences its functional properties and, consequently, can provide new possibilities, among which are aggregation properties, water solubility, biocompatibility, stimuli response, biological activity, etc. Herein, we report synthesis of new resorcin[4]arene with N-methyl-d-glucamine groups on the upper rim and n-decyl chains on the lower rim, an investigation of its self-assembly behavior in aqueous media, and its use as a building block for the formation of drug nanocontainer. N-methyl-d-glucamine fragments in the resorcin[4]arene structure promote higher stability in solutions, simplification of self-aggregation, and increased biological activity. Antimicrobial and hemolytic activity assessment revealed that this resorcin[4]arene obtained is nontoxic. The study of cell penetration was carried out with both free and encapsulated doxorubicin (DOX). Surprisingly, DOX-loaded macrocycle aggregates are more efficient in causing apoptosis in human cancer cell line. Conceivably, this knowledge will help in the rational design of DOX combination for novel drug-administration strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan R Kashapov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia
| | - Yuliya S Razuvayeva
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University , 68 K. Marx str. , Kazan 420015 , Russia
| | - Albina Y Ziganshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia
| | - Rezeda K Mukhitova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia
| | - Anastasiya S Sapunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia
| | - Alexandra D Voloshina
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia
| | - Irek R Nizameev
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University , 68 K. Marx str. , Kazan 420015 , Russia
| | - Marsil K Kadirov
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University , 68 K. Marx str. , Kazan 420015 , Russia
| | - Lucia Ya Zakharova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry , FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS , 8 Arbuzov str. , Kazan 420088 , Russia.,Kazan National Research Technological University , 68 K. Marx str. , Kazan 420015 , Russia
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20
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An L, Wang C, Han L, Liu J, Huang T, Zheng Y, Yan C, Sun J. Structural Design, Synthesis, and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of Novel Dihomooxacalix[4]arene-Based Anti-tumor Agents. Front Chem 2019; 7:856. [PMID: 31921778 PMCID: PMC6923765 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Calixarene and its derivatives have extensively served as promising anti-tumor agents. Previously, we have synthesized a series of calix[n]arene polyhydroxyamine derivatives (n = 4, 6, 8) and found that 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-bis [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)aminocarbonylmethoxyl] calix[4]arene (CLX-4) displayed significant effect toward SKOV3, A549, SW1990, HeLa, Raji, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. In the present work, we find a replacement of calix[4]arene bone and synthesized 19 novel structurally related dihomooxacalix[4]arene amide derivatives 4A-4S to optimize its efficacy. Their abilities to induce cytotoxicity in human lung carcinoma (A549) cells, breast cancer (MCF-7) cells, cervical cancer (HeLa) cells, hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, as well as human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells are evaluated in vitro. Encouraging results show that the majority of dihomooxacalix[4]arene amide derivatives are effective at inhibiting A549 cell proliferation with the corresponding IC50 ranging from 0.6 to 20.1 μM. In particular, compounds 4A, 4D, and 4L explore markedly increased potency (IC50 value is 2.0 ± 0.5 μM, 0.7 ± 0.1 μM, and 1.7 ± 0.4 μM) over the cytotoxicity profiles of control CLX-4, whose IC50 value is 2.8 ± 0.3 μM. More interestingly, 4A also demonstrates the perfect cytotoxic effect against MCF-7, HeLa, and HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 1.0 ± 0.1 μM, 0.8 ± 0.2 μM, and 2.7 ± 0.4 μM. In addition, the results proved that our synthesized 4A has much lower toxicity (41%) to normal cells at a concentration of 10 μM than that of 4D (90%). To reveal the mechanisms, the key indicators including the cell cycle and apoptosis are observed by the flow cytometry analysis in MCF-7 cells. The results demonstrate that both 4A and 4D can induce the MCF-7 cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis. Therefore, our finding proves that the dihomooxacalix[4]arene amide derivatives are convenient platforms for potential supramolecular anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin An
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lili Han
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Tonghui Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Youguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chaoguo Yan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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21
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An L, Liu JD, Peng XN, Zheng YG, Wang C, Huang TH. Preparation and in vitro bioactivity evaluation of N-heterocyclic-linked dihomooxacalix[4]arene derivatives. RSC Adv 2019; 9:41287-41297. [PMID: 35540075 PMCID: PMC9076386 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra06876g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on the superior prospects of calixarenes-based agents and N-heterocyclic pharmacophores in biomedical applications, 14 new dihomooxacalix[4]arene N-heterocyclic (pyridine, quinoline, and thiazole) derivatives 4a-4n were efficiently synthesized from the parent compound, namely, p-tert-butyldihomooxacalix[4]arene 1; they were further investigated by using their IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. Among these derivatives, the crystal and molecular structures of 2-aminomethyl-pyridine-substituted dihomooxacalix[4]arene 4f (obtained from methanol) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. In the case of the inhibition assay of cell growth, we evaluated the effects on four select tumor cell lines (MCF-7, HepG2, SKOV3, and HeLa), as well as the normal cell lines of HUVEC, using paclitaxel as the positive control drug. It was found that the derivatives 4d-4f, 4i, 4k, and 4l could inhibit tumoral activity up to varying degrees. Mechanistically, the cell cycle analysis demonstrated that dihomooxacalix[4]arene N-heterocyclic derivatives could induce apoptosis of MCF cells. In addition, the results of the western blot and immunofluorescence studies revealed the upregulation of the protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2, which are in good agreement with the corresponding inhibitory potencies. Therefore, these findings suggest that N-heterocyclic derivatives based on the dihomooxacalix[4]arene scaffold are promising candidates for use against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin An
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
| | - Jia-Dong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
| | - Xian-Na Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
| | - You-Guang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
| | - Chan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
| | - Tong-Hui Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University Xuzhou 221004 P. R. China
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22
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Yilmaz B, Bayrac AT, Bayrakci M. Evaluation of Anticancer Activities of Novel Facile Synthesized Calix[n]arene Sulfonamide Analogs. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 190:1484-1497. [PMID: 31782087 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-019-03184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Here, new calixarene sulfonamide analogs were synthesized from the reaction of chlorosulfonated calix[n]arene (n: 4, 6, and 8) with N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine or ethylenediamine for the first time and an excellent calixarene sulfonamide analog showing potent and selective cytotoxic activity on some cancer cell lines were discovered. Cytotoxicity of the prepared calix[n]arene sulfonamide analogs towards both cancer and healthy cell lines was assessed by performing cell growth inhibition assays. In cytotoxicity assay results, it was observed that while sulfonamide analog based calix[4]arene (9) was not affecting the growth of epithelial cell lines (HEK), and it was especially effective on inhibiting the growth of some human cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MIA PaCa-2). These results highlight that sulfonamide analog-based calix [4] arene (9) can be further studied as a potential anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahar Yilmaz
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Tahir Bayrac
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Bayrakci
- Department of Bioengineering, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey.
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23
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An L, Wang JW, Liu JD, Zhao ZM, Song YJ. Design, Preparation, and Characterization of Novel Calix[4]arene Bioactive Carrier for Antitumor Drug Delivery. Front Chem 2019; 7:732. [PMID: 31788467 PMCID: PMC6855266 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
An amphiphilic and bioactive calix[4]arene derivative 8 (CA) is designed and successfully synthesized from tert-butyl calix[4] arene 1 by sequential inverse F-C alkylation, nitration, O-alkylation, esterification, aminolysis, reduction, and acylation reaction. The blank micelles of FA-CA and doxorubicin (DOX) loaded micelles FA-CA-DOX are prepared subsequently undergoing self-assembly and dialysis of CA and DSPE-PEG2000-FA. The drug release kinetics curve of the encapsulated-DOX micelle demonstrates a rapid release under mild conditions, indicating the good pH-responsive ability. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of DOX-loaded micelle respect to the blank micelle against seven different human carcinoma (A549, HeLa, HepG2, HCT116, MCF-7, MDA-MB231, and SW480) cells has been also investigated. The results confirm the more significant inhibitory effect of DOX-loaded micelle than those of DOX and the blank micelles. The CDI calculations show a synergistic effect between blank micelles and DOX in inducing tumor cell death. In conclusion, FA-CA micelles reported in this work was a promising drug delivery vehicle for tumor targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin An
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wei Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jia-Dong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ming Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuan-Jian Song
- Department of Genetics, Research Facility Center for Morphology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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24
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Pedro-Hernández LD, Organista-Mateos U, Allende-Alarcón LI, Martínez-Klimova E, Ramírez-Ápan T, Martínez-García M. Improvement of the Anticancer Activity of Chlorambucil and Ibuprofen via Calix[4]arene Conjugates. Med Chem 2019; 16:984-990. [PMID: 31448714 DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190826162339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the possible ways of improving the activity and selectivity profile of anticancer agents is to design drug carrier systems employing nanomolecules. Calix[4]arene derivatives and chlorambucil and ibuprofen are important compounds that exhibit interesting anticancer properties. OBJECTIVE The objective of this article is the synthesis of new calix[4]arene-derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen with potential anticancer activity. METHODS Cytotoxicity assays were determined using the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B (SRB) in microculture to measure cell growth as described [19, 20]. Conjugates of chlorambucil and resorcinarene-dendrimers were prepared in 2% DMSO and added into the culture medium immediately before use. Control cells were treated with 2% DMSO. RESULTS Thus, calix[4]arene-derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen showed good stability of the chemical link between drug and spacer. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the calix[4]arene chlorambucil or ibuprofen conjugates employing a sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells) and U-251 (human glioblastoma cells) demonstrated that the conjugate was more potent as an antiproliferative agent than free chlorambucil and ibuprofen. The conjugates did not show any activity against the COS-7 African green monkey kidney fibroblast cell line. CONCLUSION In the paper, we report the synthesis and spectroscopic analyses of new calix[4]arene derivative conjugates of chlorambucil or ibuprofen. Cytotoxicity assays revealed that at 10 μM, the conjugates were very active against K-562 (human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells) and U- 251 (human glioblastoma cells) cancer cells' proliferation. In order to explain the molecular mechanisms involved in the anticancer activity of calix[4]arene chlorambucil or ibuprofen conjugates, our research will be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis D Pedro-Hernández
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Ulises Organista-Mateos
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Luis I Allende-Alarcón
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Elena Martínez-Klimova
- Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Interior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Teresa Ramírez-Ápan
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - Marcos Martínez-García
- Instituto de Quimica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Circuito Exterior, Coyoacan, C.P. 04510, Mexico D.F., Mexico
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25
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Oguz M, Gul A, Karakurt S, Yilmaz M. Synthesis and evaluation of the antitumor activity of Calix[4]arene l-proline derivatives. Bioorg Chem 2019; 94:103207. [PMID: 31451296 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique conformational properties, functionality, low toxicity, and low cost make calixarene-based compounds a valuable candidate against cancer. The aim of the present study is the synthesis of the upper rim and lower rim-functionalized l-proline-based calix[4]arene derivatives and evaluation of their cytotoxic potential for human cancerous cells as well as to determine the death mechanism. Synthesized calix[4]arene (3, 8a, 8b 13a, and 13b) derivatives were characterized by different spectroscopic techniques such as 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and FTIR. In vitro effects of compounds 3, 8a, 8b, 13a and 13b were tested on human cancerous cells (HEPG2, PC-3, A-549, and DLD-1) as well as human healthy epithelium cell (PNT1A). Results show that compounds 3, 8a, 8b and 13b have cytotoxic potential on human colorectal carcinoma cells (DLD-1) with IC50 values of 43 µM, 45.2 µM, 64.57 µM, and 29.35 µM respectively. Apoptosis ratios of cell death were investigated with flow cytometer using 7-AAD and Annexin-V as markers. Cytotoxic potential of 8a was found to be higher due to increased apoptosis, when compared with healthy cells the apoptotic cell death was significantly (p < 0.0001) increased up to 1.7-fold and 2.4-fold in DLD-1 and A549 cells, respectively. In conclusion, these l-proline derived calix[4]arenes with their selective cytotoxic potential on human cancerous cells may be a potential candidate for the treatment of human CRC and lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Oguz
- Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya, Turkey; Department of Advanced Material and Nanotechnology, Selcuk University, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Alev Gul
- Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya, Turkey
| | - Serdar Karakurt
- Selcuk University, Department of Biochemistry, Konya 42075, Turkey.
| | - Mustafa Yilmaz
- Selcuk University, Department of Chemistry, 42075 Konya, Turkey.
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26
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Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of novel oxacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidine derivatives. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02321-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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27
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Gardiner WH, Camilleri M, Martinez-Lozano LA, Bew SP, Stephenson GR. Upper-Rim Monofunctionalisation in the Synthesis of Triazole- and Disulfide-Linked Multicalix[4]- and -[6]arenes. Chemistry 2018; 24:19089-19097. [PMID: 30325070 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covalently linked multiple calixarenes are valued in supramolecular chemistry. This work reports an easy and versatile synthetic route to covalently linked double and triple calix[4]arene and calix[6]arenes by a novel DMF-controlled selective alkylation of a convenient and readily available upper-rim dimethylaminomethyl-substituted tetrahydroxy and hexahydroxy calix[4]arene and -[6]arenes. Synthetic routes to upper-rim functionalised redox active disulfide-linked double-, tetra- and peptidohybrid-calixarenes employing either redox chemistry (CH2 SH) or thiolates (CH2 S- ) are also opened up from the same key starting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Gardiner
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Matthew Camilleri
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.,School of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lozano
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Sean P Bew
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - G Richard Stephenson
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Synthesis and anticancer activity evaluation of novel azacalix[2]arene[2]pyrimidines. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 151:214-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Martins FT, Oliveira BGD, Sarotti AM, de Fátima Â. Winged-Cone Conformation in Hexa- p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene Driven by the Unusually Strong Guest Encapsulation. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:5315-5323. [PMID: 31457800 PMCID: PMC6641646 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hexa-p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene (1) is believed to adopt a winged conformation in a solution, featured by four phenyl rings perpendicular to the calix basis and two others at 1,4-positions lying down. However, there is some controversy on the occurrence of this conformation because it has never been found in the solid state of calix[6]arenes, regardless of the substitution pattern at lower and upper rims. Here, we have observed the winged-cone conformation for the first time in a solvate form of 1 with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, and pyridine. The DMSO molecule is strongly encapsulated into 1 through two OH···O hydrogen bonds with both flattened phenolic moieties, one lp(S)···π and four CH···π interactions with the four perpendicular phenyl rings. This host-guest complex has energy lower by 23.4 kcal mol-1 than the isolated species. In addition, another DMSO solvate form with 1,2,3-alternate conformation was also obtained in this study, and its structure is compared with that of the precedent one. A detailed density functional theory study has also been carried out to understand the energetic relationships among cone conformers, intramolecular hydrogen-bonding patterns, and DMSO encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Terra Martins
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Federal
de Goiás, P.O. Box 131, 74690-900 Goiânia, Brazil
- Grupo
de Estudos em Química Orgânica e Biológica (GEQOB),
Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos
6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Breno Germano de
Freitas Oliveira
- Grupo
de Estudos em Química Orgânica e Biológica (GEQOB),
Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos
6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ariel M. Sarotti
- Instituto
de Química Rosario (IQUIR), Universidad
Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Grupo
de Estudos em Química Orgânica e Biológica (GEQOB),
Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos
6627, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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