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Bakheit AH, Wani TA, Al-Majed AA, Alkahtani HM, Alanazi MM, Alqahtani FR, Zargar S. Theoretical study of the antioxidant mechanism and structure-activity relationships of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives: a computational approach. Front Chem 2024; 12:1443718. [PMID: 39139921 PMCID: PMC11319267 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1443718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
A theoretical thermodynamic study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity and mechanism of 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives (OTP) using a Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach. The study assessed how solvent environments influence the antioxidant properties of these derivatives. With the increasing prevalence of diseases linked to oxidative stress, such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, antioxidants are crucial in mitigating the damage caused by free radicals. Previous research has demonstrated the remarkable scavenging abilities of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives, prompting this investigation into their potential using computational methods. DFT calculations were employed to analyze key parameters, including bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), ionization potential (IP), proton dissociation enthalpy (PDE), and electron transfer enthalpy (ETE), to delineate the antioxidant mechanisms of these compounds. Our findings indicate that specific electron-donating groups such as amine on the phenyl rings significantly enhance the antioxidant activities of these derivatives. The study also integrates global and local reactivity descriptors, such as Fukui functions and HOMO-LUMO energies, to predict the stability and reactivity of these molecules, providing insights into their potential as effective synthetic antioxidants in pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Bakheit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A. Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Rubayyi Alqahtani
- Department of Biomedical Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Malla S, Nyinawabera A, Neupane R, Pathak R, Lee D, Abou-Dahech M, Kumari S, Sinha S, Tang Y, Ray A, Ashby CR, Yang MQ, Babu RJ, Tiwari AK. Novel Thienopyrimidine-Hydrazinyl Compounds Induce DRP1-Mediated Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2621. [PMID: 39123351 PMCID: PMC11311031 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis induction with taxanes or anthracyclines is the primary therapy for TNBC. Cancer cells can develop resistance to anticancer drugs, causing them to recur and metastasize. Therefore, non-apoptotic cell death inducers could be a potential treatment to circumvent apoptotic drug resistance. In this study, we discovered two novel compounds, TPH104c and TPH104m, which induced non-apoptotic cell death in TNBC cells. These lead compounds were 15- to 30-fold more selective in TNBC cell lines and significantly decreased the proliferation of TNBC cells compared to that of normal mammary epithelial cell lines. TPH104c and TPH104m induced a unique type of non-apoptotic cell death, characterized by the absence of cellular shrinkage and the absence of nuclear fragmentation and apoptotic blebs. Although TPH104c and TPH104m induced the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, TPH104c- and TPH104m-induced cell death did not increase the levels of cytochrome c and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and caspase activation, and cell death was not rescued by incubating cells with the pan-caspase inhibitor, carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-FMK). Furthermore, TPH104c and TPH104m significantly downregulated the expression of the mitochondrial fission protein, DRP1, and their levels determined their cytotoxic efficacy. Overall, TPH104c and TPH104m induced non-apoptotic cell death, and further determination of their cell death mechanisms will aid in the development of new potent and efficacious anticancer drugs to treat TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Malla
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Angelique Nyinawabera
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Rabin Neupane
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Rajiv Pathak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Donghyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Mariam Abou-Dahech
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
| | - Suman Sinha
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, UP, India;
| | - Yuan Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
| | - Aniruddha Ray
- Department of Physics, College of Math’s and Natural Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA;
| | - Charles R. Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA;
| | - Mary Qu Yang
- MidSouth Bioinformatics Center and Joint Bioinformatics Graduate Program of University of Arkansas at Little Rock, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72204, USA;
| | - R. Jayachandra Babu
- Department of Drug Discovery & Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Amit K. Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (S.M.); (A.N.); (R.N.); (D.L.); (M.A.-D.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
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Elsenbawy ESM, Alshehri ZS, Babteen NA, Abdel-Rahman AAH, El-Manawaty MA, Nossier ES, Arafa RK, Hassan NA. Designing Potent Anti-Cancer Agents: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Studies of Thieno[2,3- d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine Derivatives. Molecules 2024; 29:1067. [PMID: 38474579 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A new series of thieno[2,3-d][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines was designed and synthesized using readily available starting materials, specifically, β-enaminoester. Their cytotoxicity was screened against three cancer cell lines, namely, MCF-7, HCT-116, and PC-3. 2-(4-bromophenyl)triazole 10b and 2-(anthracen-9-yl)triazole 10e afforded excellent potency against MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 19.4 ± 0.22 and 14.5 ± 0.30 μM, respectively) compared with doxorubicin (IC50 = 40.0 ± 3.9 μM). The latter derivatives 10b and 10e were further subjected to in silico ADME and docking simulation studies against EGFR and PI3K and could serve as ideal leads for additional modification in the field of anticancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S M Elsenbawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shbien El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Zafer S Alshehri
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Shaqra University, Dawadmi 19257, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf A Babteen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel A-H Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shbien El-Kom 32511, Egypt
| | - Mai A El-Manawaty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Pharmaceutical Science Division, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Reem K Arafa
- Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Ahmed Zewail Road, October Gardens, Cairo 12578, Egypt
| | - Nasser A Hassan
- Synthetic Unit, Department of Photochemistry, Chemical Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt
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Recent updates on thienopyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThienopyrimidine derivatives hold a unique place between fused pyrimidine compounds. They are important and widely represented in medicinal chemistry as they are structural analogs of purines. Thienopyrimidine derivatives have various biological activities. The current review discusses different synthetic methods for the preparation of heterocyclic thienopyrimidine derivatives. It also highlights the most recent research on the anticancer effects of thienopyrimidines through the inhibition of various enzymes and pathways, which was published within the last 9 years.
Graphical Abstract
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Pal K, Raza MK, Legac J, Rahman A, Manzoor S, Bhattacharjee S, Rosenthal PJ, Hoda N. Identification, in-vitro anti-plasmodial assessment and docking studies of series of tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-acetamide molecular hybrids as potential antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115055. [PMID: 36621136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the most lethal parasitic infections in the world. To address the emergence of drug resistance to current antimalarials, here we report the design and synthesis of new series of tetrahydrobenzothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-acetamide hybrids by using multicomponent Petasis reaction as the key step and evaluated in vitro for their antimalarial effectiveness. The structure of all the compounds were confirmed by NMR Spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Most of the compounds showed potent antimalarial activity against both CQ-sensitive (3D7) and CQ-resistant (W2) strains. A8, A5, and A4 are the most potent compounds that showed excellent anti-plasmodial activity against CQ-resistant strain in the nanomolar range with IC50 values 55.7 nM, 60.8 nM, and 68.0 nM respectively. To assess the parasite selectivity, the in vitro cytotoxicity of selected compounds (A3-A6, A8) was tested against HPL1D cells, demonstrating low cytotoxicity with high selectivity indices. Furthermore, these compounds were also evaluated on two additional human cancerous cell lines (A549 and MDA-MB-231), confirming their anticancer effectiveness. The in vitro hemolysis assay also showed the non-toxicity of these compounds on normal uninfected human RBCs. The interaction of these hybrids was also investigated by the molecular docking studies in the binding site of wild type Pf-DHFR-TS and quadruple mutant Pf-DHFR-TS. The in silico ADMET profiling also revealed promising physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters for the most active hybrids, which provide strong vision for further development of potential antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Philip J Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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1,3-Bis(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)imidazolidine-4,5-dione. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 3 bearing a 4,5-imidazolidinedione moiety, 1,3-bis(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)imidazolidine-4,5-dione, was efficiently synthesized in 66% yield by the reaction of N,N′-bis(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)methanediamine 2 with oxalyl chloride in the presence of pyridine in refluxing dichloroethane for 10 h. The structure of the new synthesized compounds was fully characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, mass-spectrometry and elemental analysis.
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7
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Elmenier FM, Lasheen DS, Abouzid KAM. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new thieno[2,3- d] pyrimidine derivatives as targeted therapy for PI3K with molecular modelling study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 37:315-332. [PMID: 34955086 PMCID: PMC8725920 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.2010729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most aggressive diseases characterised by abnormal growth and uncontrolled cell division. PI3K is a lipid kinase involved in cancer progression which makes it fruitful target for cancer control. 28 new morpholine based thieno[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesised as anti-PI3K agents maintaining the common pharmacophoric features of several potent PI3K inhibitors. Their antiproliferative activity on NCI 60 cell lines as well as their enzymatic activity against PI3K isoforms were evaluated. Three compounds revealed good cytotoxic activities against breast cancer cell lines, especially T-47D. Compound VIb exhibited the best enzymatic inhibitory activity (72% & 84% on PI3Kβ & PI3Kγ), respectively and good activity on most NCI cell lines especially those with over expressed PI3K. Docking was carried out into PI3K active site which showed comparable binding mode to that of the PI-103 inhibitor. Compound VIb could be optimised to serve as a new chemical entity for discovering new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma M Elmenier
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Deena S Lasheen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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El-Dash Y, Elzayat E, Abdou AM, Hassan RA. Novel thienopyrimidine-aminothiazole hybrids: Design, synthesis, antimicrobial screening, anticancer activity, effects on cell cycle profile, caspase-3 mediated apoptosis and VEGFR-2 inhibition. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105137. [PMID: 34237644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel hybrid compounds of hexahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine with aminothiazole scaffolds were synthesized. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against the NCI-60 human tumor cell line panel. Compounds 7c, 7d and 7e exhibited significant antiproliferative activities at 10-5 M dose. Compound 7c exhibited excellent cytotoxic activity against CNS cancer cell lines including SNB-75 and SF-295 as well as renal cancer cell line CAKI-1 when compared with sorafenib as standard anticancer drug. In addition, compound 7d showed almost comparable anticancer activity to sorafenib against SNB-75 cell line and displayed moderate activity against SF-295 and CAKI-1 cell lines in comparison to sorafenib. Compound 7c inhibited the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) with IC50 of 62.48 ± 3.7 nM and decreased both total VEGFR-2 and phosphorylated VEGFR-2 in treated SNB-75 cells suggesting its ability to down regulate cell proliferation, growth, and survival.. The flow cytometric analysis showed that 7c displayed its cytotoxic activity through the reduction of the cellular proliferation and induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. Compound 7c clearly boosted the level of the apoptotic caspase-3. All the synthesized compounds were also screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against four pathogenic strains of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative as well as Candida albicans. Only compound 7d exhibited antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to nystatin as the standard antifungal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara El-Dash
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Emad Elzayat
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdou
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Dokki 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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9
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Pal K, Raza MK, Legac J, Ataur Rahman M, Manzoor S, Rosenthal PJ, Hoda N. Design, synthesis, crystal structure and anti-plasmodial evaluation of tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidine derivatives. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:970-981. [PMID: 34223162 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective chemotherapy is essential for controlling malaria. However, resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to existing antimalarial drugs has undermined attempts to control and eventually eradicate the disease. In this study, a series of 2-((substituted)(4-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-6-substitutedphenol derivatives were prepared using Petasis reaction with a view to evaluate their activities against P. falciparum. The development of synthesized compounds (F1-F16) was justified through the study of H1 NMR, C13 NMR, mass spectra. Compound F1 and F2 were also structurally validated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. All the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiplasmodial assessment against the W2 strain (chloroquine-resistant) of P. falciparum IC50 values ranging from 0.74-6.4 μM. Two compounds, F4 and F16 exhibited significant activity against W2 strain of P. falciparum with 0.75 and 0.74 μM. The compounds (F3-F6 and F16) were also evaluated for in vitro cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines, human lung (A549) and cervical (HeLa) cells, which demonstrated non-cytotoxicity with significant selectivity indices. In addition, in silico ADME profiling and physiochemical properties predicts drug-like properties with a very low toxic effect. Thus, all these results indicate that tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffolds may serve as models for the development of antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
| | - Md Kausar Raza
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Bangalore 560012 India
| | - Jenny Legac
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 02138 USA
| | - Shoaib Manzoor
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
| | | | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi 110025 India +91 11 26985507 +91 9910200655
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The Dimroth Rearrangement in the Synthesis of Condensed Pyrimidines - Structural Analogs of Antiviral Compounds. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021; 57:342-368. [PMID: 34024912 PMCID: PMC8121644 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02913-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The review discusses the use of the Dimroth rearrangement in the synthesis of condensed pyrimidines which are key structural fragments of antiviral agents. The main attention is given to publications over the past 10 years. The bibliography includes 107 references.
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Key Words
- Dimroth rearrangement
- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines
- [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines
- antiviral activity
- furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines
- imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidines
- purines
- pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines
- pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines
- quinazolin(on)es
- thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines
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Amin S, Alam MM, Akhter M, Najmi AK, Siddiqui N, Husain A, Shaquiquzzaman M. A review on synthetic procedures and applications of phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3) in the last biennial period (2018–19). PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2020.1831499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Amin
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - A. K. Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nadeem Siddiqui
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Asif Husain
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design & Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Novel Nucleoside Analogues as Effective Antiviral Agents for Zika Virus Infections. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204813. [PMID: 33092055 PMCID: PMC7594033 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered a neglected flavivirus, Zika virus has recently emerged as a public health concern due to its ability to spread rapidly and cause severe neurological disorders, such as microcephaly in newborn babies from infected mothers, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Despite extensive efforts towards the identification of effective therapies, specific antivirals are still not available. As part of ongoing medicinal chemistry studies to identify new antiviral agents, we screened against Zika virus replication in vitro in a targeted internal library of small-molecule agents, comprising both nucleoside and non-nucleoside agents. Among the compounds evaluated, novel aryloxyphosphoramidate prodrugs of the nucleosides 2′-C-methyl-adenosine, 2-CMA, and 7-deaza-2′C-methyl-adenosine, 7-DMA, were found to significantly inhibit the virus-induced cytopathic effect in multiple relevant cell lines. In addition, one of these prodrugs exhibits a synergistic antiviral effect against Zika virus when applied in combination with an indirect antiviral agent, a l-dideoxy bicyclic pyrimidine nucleoside analogue, which potently inhibits vaccinia and measles viruses in vitro by targeting a host pathway. Our findings provide a solid basis for further development of an antiviral therapy for Zika virus infections, possibly exploiting a dual approach combining two different agents, one targeting the viral polymerase (direct-acting antiviral), the second targeting a host-directed autophagy mechanism.
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Huang P, Zhao J, Gao YH, Jin LX, Wang Q, Yu XH, Ji XH, Lu JF. N-{2-[(2-chlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-3-methoxybenzamide: design, synthesis, crystal structure, antiproliferative activity, DFT, Hirshfeld surface analysis and molecular docking study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:787-795. [PMID: 32914698 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1819424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The compound N-{2-[(2-chlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)amino]ethyl}-3-methoxybenzamide (8) was synthesized by the condensation of 3-methoxybenzoic acid (7) with N1-(2-chlorothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)ethane-1,2-diamine (6). This intermediate was prepared from methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate (1) by the condensation with urea, chlorination with phosphorus oxychloride and then condensation with ethane-1,2-diamine. The crystal structure of the title compound was determined and the crystal of the title compound belongs to the tetragonal system, space group P4(3) with a = 9.4694(10) Å, b = 9.4694(10) Å, c = 18.886(3) Å, α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°. The optimized geometric bond lengths and bond angles obtained by using density functional theory (DFT) have been compared with X-ray diffraction values. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies showed the character of the title compound. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface map of the related molecule was investigated with theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) levels. A quantitative analysis of the intermolecular interactions in the crystal structures has been performed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. In addition, the title compound possesses marked inhibition against the proliferation of human colon cancer cell line HT-29 (IC50 = 1.76 μM), human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 (IC50 = 1.98 μM) and human gastric cancer cell line MKN45 (IC50 = 2.32 μM), displaying promising anticancer activitiy. The molecular docking studies revealed that the title compound may exhibit activity inhibiting PDB:3D15.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yan-Hong Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Ling-Xia Jin
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Ji
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jiu-Fu Lu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, College of Chemical & Environment Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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14
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Gad EM, Nafie MS, Eltamany EH, Hammad MSAG, Barakat A, Boraei ATA. Discovery of New Apoptosis-Inducing Agents for Breast Cancer Based on Ethyl 2-Amino-4,5,6,7-Tetra Hydrobenzo[ b]Thiophene-3-Carboxylate: Synthesis, In Vitro, and In Vivo Activity Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112523. [PMID: 32481682 PMCID: PMC7321303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicomponent synthesis was empolyed for the synthesis of ethyl 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzo[b]thiophene-3-carboxylate 1. An interesting cyclization was obtained when the amino-ester 1 reacted with ethyl isothiocyanate to give the benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d][1,3]thiazin-4-one 3. Acylation of the amino-ester 1 with chloroacetyl chloride in DCM and Et3N afforded the acylated ester 4. The amino-ester 1 was cyclized to benzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-one 8, which was reacted with some alkylating agents leading to alkylation at nitrogen 9–13. Hydrazide 14 was utilized as a synthon for the synthesis of the derivatives 15–19. Chloro-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 20 was synthesized and reacted with the hydrazine hydrate to afford the hydrazino derivative 21, which was used as a scaffold for getting the derivatives 22–28. Nucleophilic substitution reactions were used for getting the compounds 29–35 from chloro-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 20. In the way of anticancer therapeutics development, the requisite compounds were assessed for their cytotoxicity in vitro against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cell lines. Twelve compounds showed an interesting antiproliferative potential with IC50 from 23.2 to 95.9 µM. The flow cytometric analysis results showed that hit 4 induces the apoptosis in MCF-7 cells with a significant 26.86% reduction in cell viability. The in vivo study revealed a significant decrease in the solid tumor mass (26.6%) upon treatment with compound 4. Moreover, in silico study as an agonist for inhibitors of JAK2 and prediction study determined their binding energies and predicted their physicochemical properties and drug-likeness scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad M. Gad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.N.); (E.H.E.); (M.S.A.G.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.G); (A.T.A.B.)
| | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.N.); (E.H.E.); (M.S.A.G.H.)
| | - Elsayed H. Eltamany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.N.); (E.H.E.); (M.S.A.G.H.)
| | - Magdy S. A. G. Hammad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.N.); (E.H.E.); (M.S.A.G.H.)
| | - Assem Barakat
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Ahmed T. A. Boraei
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt; (M.S.N.); (E.H.E.); (M.S.A.G.H.)
- Correspondence: (E.M.G); (A.T.A.B.)
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15
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Walaa I. El-Sofany, Othman DAA, Mahran AM, May EMA, El-Sayed WA. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Functionalized Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine Compounds and Their Triazinyl and Tetrazinyl Derivatives. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816202003005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Synthesis and molecular docking study of some 3,4-dihydrothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents. Bioorg Chem 2019; 88:102934. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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17
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Shi T, Zerio CJ, Sivinski J, Ambrose AJ, Moore KT, Buckley T, Kaneko L, Zhang M, Zhang DD, Chapman E. A one-step, atom economical synthesis of thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4-amine derivatives via a four-component reaction. European J Org Chem 2019; 20:3269-3272. [PMID: 31857792 PMCID: PMC6922009 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A Na2HPO4-catalyzed four-component reaction between a ketone, malononitrile, S8 and formamide has been realized for the first time. This reaction provides a concise approach to thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amines, previously requiring 5 steps. The utility of this reaction was validated by preparing a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor and an inhibitor of the NRF2 pathway with excellent atom- and step-economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Jared Sivinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Andrew J Ambrose
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Kohlson T Moore
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Thomas Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Lynn Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Mae Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
| | - Eli Chapman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel Street, P.O. Box 210207, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States
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18
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Efficient method for the synthesis of novel substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4-carboxylic acids, their derivatization, and antimicrobial activity. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02437-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Ali EMH, Abdel-Maksoud MS, Oh CH. Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry: Recent advances. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:1159-1194. [PMID: 30826188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thienopyrimidine scaffold is a fused heterocyclic ring system that structurally can be considered as adenine, the purine base that is found in both DNA and RNA-bioisosteres. Thienopyrimidines exist in three distinct isomeric forms. The current review discusses thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine as a one of the opulent heterocycles in drug discovery. Its broad range of medical applications such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and CNS protective agents has inspired us to study its structure-activity relationship (SAR), along with its relevant synthetic strategies. The present review briefly summarizes synthetic approaches for the preparation of thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. In addition, the promising biological activities of this scaffold are also illustrated with explanatory diagrams for their SAR studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam M H Ali
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Shi T, Kaneko L, Sandino M, Busse R, Zhang M, Mason D, Machulis J, Ambrose AJ, Zhang DD, Chapman E. One-Step Synthesis of Thieno[2,3- d]pyrimidin-4(3 H)-ones via a Catalytic Four-Component Reaction of Ketones, Ethyl Cyanoacetate, S 8 and Formamide. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2019; 7:1524-1528. [PMID: 31754553 PMCID: PMC6871654 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones are important pharmacophores that previously required a three step synthesis with two chromatography steps. We herein report a green approach to the synthesis of this pharmacologically important class of compounds via a catalytic four-component reaction using a ketone, ethyl cyanoacetate, S8 and formamide. The reported reaction is characterized by step economy, reduced catalyst loading and easy purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoda Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Lynn Kaneko
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Michael Sandino
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Ryan Busse
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Mae Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Damian Mason
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Jason Machulis
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Andrew J. Ambrose
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Donna D. Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
| | - Eli Chapman
- College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, the University of Arizona, 1703 E. Mabel St., PO Box 210207, Tucson,
Arizona 85721
- Corresponding Author: E. Chapman:
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21
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Netzler NE, Enosi Tuipulotu D, Eltahla AA, Lun JH, Ferla S, Brancale A, Urakova N, Frese M, Strive T, Mackenzie JM, White PA. Broad-spectrum non-nucleoside inhibitors for caliciviruses. Antiviral Res 2017; 146:65-75. [PMID: 28757394 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Viruses of the Caliciviridae cause significant and sometimes lethal diseases, however despite substantial research efforts, specific antivirals are lacking. Broad-spectrum antivirals could combat multiple viral pathogens, offering a rapid solution when no therapies exist. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) is an attractive antiviral target as it is essential for viral replication and lacks mammalian homologs. To focus the search for pan-Caliciviridae antivirals, the RdRp was probed with non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) developed against hepatitis C virus (HCV) to reveal both allosteric ligands for structure-activity relationship enhancement, and highly-conserved RdRp pockets for antiviral targeting. The ability of HCV NNIs to inhibit calicivirus RdRp activities was assessed using in vitro enzyme and murine norovirus cell culture assays. Results revealed that three NNIs which bound the HCV RdRp Thumb I (TI) site also inhibited transcriptional activities of six RdRps spanning the Norovirus, Sapovirus and Lagovirus genera of the Caliciviridae. These NNIs included JTK-109 (RdRp inhibition range: IC50 4.3-16.6 μM), TMC-647055 (IC50 range: 18.8-45.4 μM) and Beclabuvir (IC50 range: 23.8->100 μM). In silico studies and site-directed mutagenesis indicated the JTK-109 binding site was within the calicivirus RdRp thumb domain, in a pocket termed Site-B, which is highly-conserved within all calicivirus RdRps. Additionally, RdRp inhibition assays revealed that JTK-109 was antagonistic with the previously reported RdRp inhibitor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-6-(2'-naphthylazo-6'-nitro-4',8'-disulfonate) tetrasodium salt (PPNDS), that also binds to Site-B. Moreover, like JTK-109, PPNDS was also a potent inhibitor of polymerases from six viruses spanning the three Caliciviridae genera tested (IC50 range: 0.1-2.3 μM). Together, this study demonstrates the potential for de novo development of broad-spectrum antivirals that target the highly-conserved RdRp thumb pocket, Site-B. We also revealed three broad-spectrum HCV NNIs that could be used as antiviral scaffolds for further development against caliciviruses and other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Netzler
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Enosi Tuipulotu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Auda A Eltahla
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer H Lun
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Nadya Urakova
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia; Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Frese
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Invasive Animals Cooperative Research Centre, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia; Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia; Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tanja Strive
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia; Institute for Applied Ecology, University of Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter A White
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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22
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Amawi H, Karthikeyan C, Pathak R, Hussein N, Christman R, Robey R, Ashby CR, Trivedi P, Malhotra A, Tiwari AK. Thienopyrimidine derivatives exert their anticancer efficacy via apoptosis induction, oxidative stress and mitotic catastrophe. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:1053-1065. [PMID: 28759878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of 13 structural variants of thieno[2,3d]pyrimidine derivatives (6a-6m) were synthesized and screened for cytotoxicity in a panel of colorectal, ovarian, and brain cancer cell lines. The selectivity of the compounds was assessed by determining the cytotoxicity in normal epithelial cell line (CHO). The most potent compound, 6j, was efficacious (with IC50 range of 0.6-1.2 μM) in colon (HCT116 and HCT15), brain (LN-229 and GBM-10) and ovarian (A2780 and OV2008) cancer cell lines. In contrast, in the normal cell line (CHO), the IC50 values for 6j were 14 ± 1.3 μM. Compound 6j significantly inhibited the clonogenic potential of HCT116, OV2008 and A2780 cell lines in concentration - dependent (0.5-4 μM) manner. Also, 6j induced 1) formation of reactive oxygen species; 2) apoptosis and 3) mitotic catastrophe in HCT116 and OV2008 cells (IC50 = 0.5-2 μM). Furthermore, apoptosis was the predominant mechanism of death in A2780 cells. The cytotoxicity of 6j in wild type HCT116 cells was similar to that in HCT116 cells lacking the apoptotic genes for Bax, Bak, or Bak and Bax, indicating that 6j induces mitotic catastrophe as alternative mechanism of death when when certain apoptotic proteins are absent. In summary, this study has identified a lead molecule, 6j, that selectively induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and mitotic catastrophe in specific cancer (colon and ovarian) cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Chandrabose Karthikeyan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal MP, India.
| | - Rekha Pathak
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal MP, India
| | - Noor Hussein
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ryann Christman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Robert Robey
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, St. John's University Queens, NY, USA
| | - Piyush Trivedi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Airport Bypass Road, Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal MP, India
| | - Ashim Malhotra
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, 222 SE 8th Ave, Hillsboro, OR, USA
| | - Amit K Tiwari
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA.
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23
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of gentiopicroside derivatives as potential antiviral inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 130:308-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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24
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Shape-based virtual screening, synthesis and evaluation of novel pyrrolone derivatives as antiviral agents against HCV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:936-940. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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25
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Su Z, Qian S, Xue S, Wang C. DBU-mediated [4 + 1] annulations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with carbon disulfide or thiourea for synthesis of 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylates. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:7878-7886. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob01886j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fully substituted 2-aminothiophene-3-carboxylate derivatives were synthesized effectivelyviathe DBU-mediated [4 + 1] annulations of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with carbon disulfide or thiourea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Siran Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Shuwen Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
| | - Cunde Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yangzhou University
- Yangzhou 225002
- P. R. China
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