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Discovery of New 1,4,6-Trisubstituted-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030787. [PMID: 36986648 PMCID: PMC10057642 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purine analogues are important therapeutic tools due to their affinity to enzymes or receptors that are involved in critical biological processes. In this study, new 1,4,6-trisubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines were designed and synthesized, and their cytotoxic potential was been studied. The new derivatives were prepared through suitable arylhydrazines, and upon successive conversion first to aminopyrazoles, they were converted then to 1,6-disubstituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-4-ones; this served as the starting point for the synthesis of the target compounds. The cytotoxic activity of the derivatives was evaluated against several human and murine cancer cell lines. Substantial structure activity relationships (SARs) could be extracted, mainly concerning the 4-alkylaminoethyl ethers, which showed potent in vitro antiproliferative activity in the low μM level (0.75–4.15 μΜ) without affecting the proliferation of normal cells. The most potent analogues underwent in vivo evaluation and were found to inhibit tumor growth in vivo in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. The novel compounds exhibited no systemic toxicity; they affected only the implanted tumors and did not interfere with the immune system of the animals. Our results revealed a very potent novel compound which could be an ideal lead for the discovery of promising anti-tumor agents, and could also be further explored for combination treatments with immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Scaffold Repurposing Reveals New Nanomolar Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibitors Based on Pyridopyrazinone Scaffold: Investigation of In Vitro and In Silico Properties. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091954. [PMID: 36145702 PMCID: PMC9501832 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of PDE5 results in elevation of cGMP leading to vascular relaxation and reduction in the systemic blood pressure. Therefore, PDE5 inhibitors are used as antihypertensive and antianginal agents in addition to their major use as male erectile dysfunction treatments. Previously, we developed a novel series of 34 pyridopyrazinone derivatives as anticancer agents (series A–H). Herein, a multi-step in silico approach was preliminary conducted to evaluate the predicted PDE5 inhibitory activity, followed by an in vitro biological evaluation over the enzymatic level and a detailed SAR study. The designed 2D-QSAR model which was carried out to predict the IC50 of the tested compounds revealed series B, D, E and G with nanomolar range of IC50 values (6.00–81.56 nM). A further docking simulation model was performed to investigate the binding modes within the active site of PDE5. Interestingly, most of the tested compounds showed almost the same binding modes of that of reported PDE5 inhibitors. To validate the in silico results, an in vitro enzymatic assay over PDE5 enzyme was performed for a number of the promising candidates with different substitutions. Both series E and G exhibited a potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 18.13–41.41 nM). Compound 11b (series G, oxadiazole-based derivatives with terminal 4-NO2 substituted phenyl ring and rigid linker) was the most potent analogue with IC50 value of 18.13 nM. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) data attained for various substitutions were rationalized. Furthermore, a molecular dynamic simulation gave insights into the inhibitory activity of the most active compound (11b). Accordingly, this report presents a successful scaffold repurposing approach that reveals compound 11b as a highly potent nanomolar PDE5 inhibitor worthy of further investigation.
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Choudhary D, Garg S, Kaur M, Sohal HS, Malhi DS, Kaur L, Verma M, Sharma A, Mutreja V. Advances in the Synthesis and Bio-Applications of Pyrazine Derivatives: A Review. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2092873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimple Choudhary
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Sonali Garg
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Manvinder Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Harvinder Singh Sohal
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Dharambeer Singh Malhi
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Loveleen Kaur
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Vishal Mutreja
- Medicinal and Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
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Han Mİ, Küçükgüzel ŞG. Thioethers: An Overview. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:170-219. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210614121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:
Spreading rapidly in recent years, cancer has become one of the causes of the highest mor-tality rates after cardiovascular diseases. The reason for cancer development is still not clearly under-stood despite enormous research activities in this area. Scientists are now working on the biology of cancer, especially on the root cause of cancer development. The aim is to treat the cancer disease and thus cure the patients. The continuing efforts for the development of novel molecules as potential anti-cancer agents are essential for this purpose. The main aim of this review was to present a survey on the medicinal chemistry of thioethers and provide practical data on their cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines. The research articles published between 2001-2020 were consulted to pre-pare this review article; however, patent literature has not been included. The thioether-containing heterocyclic compounds may emerge as a new class of potent and effective anti-cancer agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. İhsan Han
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Talas, 38050, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ş. Güniz Küçükgüzel
- Vocational School of Health Services, Fenerbahçe University, Ataşehir, 34758, İstanbul, Turkey
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Niaz L, Saddique FA, Aslam S, Ahmad M, Mohsin NUA. Recent synthetic methodologies for pyridopyrazines: An update. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1786123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liaba Niaz
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sana Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noor ul Amin Mohsin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Giannouli V, Lougiakis N, Kostakis IK, Pouli N, Marakos P, Skaltsounis AL, Horne DA, Nam S, Gioti K, Tenta R. Design and Synthesis of New Substituted Pyrazolopyridines with Potent Antiproliferative Activity. Med Chem 2020; 16:176-191. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190222130225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Purine isosteres are often endowed with interesting pharmacological
properties, due to their involvement in cellular processes replacing the natural purines. Among
these compounds, pyrazolopyridines are under active investigation for potential anticancer properties.
Objective:
Based on previously discovered substituted pyrazolopyridines with promising antiproliferative
activity, we designed and synthesized new, suitably substituted analogues aiming to investigate
their potential activity and contribute to SAR studies of this class of bioactive compounds.
Methods:
The new compounds were synthesized using suitably substituted 2-amino-4-picolines,
which upon ring-closure provided substituted pyrazolo[3,4-c] pyridine-5-carbonitriles that served
as key intermediates for the preparation of the target 3,5,7 trisubstituted derivatives. The antiproliferative
activity of 31 new target derivatives was evaluated against three cancer cell lines (MIA
PaCa-2, PC-3 and SCOV3), whereas cell-cycle perturbations of exponentially growing PC-3 cells,
using three selected derivatives were also performed.
Results:
Eight compounds displayed IC50 values in the low μM range, allowing the extraction of
interesting SAR’s. Two of the most potent compounds against all cell lines share a common pattern,
by accumulating cells at the G0/G1 phase. From this project, a new carboxamidine-substituted
hit has emerged.
Conclusion:
Among the new compounds, those possessing the 3-phenylpyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine
scaffold, proved to be worth investigating and the majority of them showed strong cytotoxic activity
against all cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.87-4.3 µM. A carboxamidine analogue
that resulted from the synthetic procedure, proved to be highly active against the cancer cells and
could be considered as a useful lead for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Giannouli
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Lougiakis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Ioannis K. Kostakis
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Nicole Pouli
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Marakos
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Division of Pharmacognosy & Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis-Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece
| | - David A. Horne
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Sangkil Nam
- Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA, 91010, United States
| | - Katerina Gioti
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Roxane Tenta
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
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Syam YM, Anwar MM, Kotb ER, Elseginy SA, Awad HM, Awad GE. Development of Promising Thiopyrimidine-Based Anti-cancer and Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis and QSAR Analysis. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1255-1275. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666180330110828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Objective & Methodology:
New hybrids of thiopyrimidine-five/six heterocyclic rings were
synthesized and in vitro evaluated for their antiproliferative activity against three human cancer cell
lines, namely HCT116 (human colorectal carcinoma), PC-3 (human prostate adenocarcinoma) and
HepG2 (human liver carcinoma) cell lines. The most potency was elicited by the target candidates
against the viability of HCT116 cell lines. It was higher than that obtained by the positive control
5-Fluorouracil (IC50 range; 0.11-0.49 μM, IC50, 5-FU; 1.10 μM).
Results:
Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis activation revealed that compound 20 induced G2/M phase
arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 cells. In addition, compound 20 activates the caspases-9 and -3, a
process which might mediate the apoptosis of HCT116 cells.
Conclusion:
Furthermore, there is a good agreement between the observed pIC50 and the predicted
pIC50 values, in addition, the low RMSD and standard error values indicate the accuracy of the model.
Antimicrobial evaluation revealed that some of these compounds exhibited significant activities
against the tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi, wherein compounds 7a, 14, 15a, 21a, produced the
most potent and broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal potency that was equivalent to that revealed
by Vibramycin and Ketoconazole (MIC; 125 μg/mL). Moreover, compounds 15a, 21c, investigated
dual potent antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin M. Syam
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Manal M. Anwar
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman R. Kotb
- Photochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Samia A. Elseginy
- Green Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hanem M. Awad
- Department of Tanning Materials and Leather Technology, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ghada E.A. Awad
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Argyros O, Karampelas T, Varela A, Asvos X, Papakyriakou A, Agalou A, Beis D, Davos CH, Fokas D, Tamvakopoulos C. Targeting of the breast cancer microenvironment with a potent and linkable oxindole based antiangiogenic small molecule. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37250-37262. [PMID: 28422745 PMCID: PMC5514907 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical efficacy of antiangiogenic small molecules (e.g., sunitinib) in breast carcinoma has largely failed with substantial off-target toxicity. We rationally designed and evaluated preclinically a novel sunitinib analogue, SAP, with favourable pharmacological properties and the ability to be readily conjugated to a targeting peptide or antibody for active tumour targeting. SAP was evaluated in silico and in vitro in order to verify target engagement (e.g., VEGFR2). Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution parameters were determined in mice using LC-MS/MS. SAP efficacy was tested in two breast cancer xenograft and two syngeneic animal models and pharmacodynamic evaluation was accomplished using phosphokinase assays and immunohistochemistry. Cardiac and blood toxicity of SAP were also monitored. SAP retained the antiangiogenic and cytotoxic properties of the parental molecule with an increased blood exposure and tumor accumulation compared to sunitinib. SAP proved efficacious in all animal models. Tumors from SAP treated animals had significantly decreased Ki-67 and CD31 markers and reduced levels of phosphorylated AKT, ERK and S6 compared to vehicle treated animals. In mice dosed with SAP there was negligible hematotoxicity, while cardiac function measurements showed a reduction in the percentage left ventricular fractional shortening compared to vehicle treated animals. In conclusion, SAP is a novel rationally designed conjugatable small antiangiogenic molecule, efficacious in preclinical models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orestis Argyros
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Theodoros Karampelas
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Aimilia Varela
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Xenophon Asvos
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Athanasios Papakyriakou
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Natural Products and Designed Molecules, Institute of Physical Chemistry, N.C.S.R "Demokritos", Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Adamantia Agalou
- Developmental Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Constantinos H Davos
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research Center, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Fokas
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Constantin Tamvakopoulos
- Division of Pharmacology-Pharmacotechnology, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, 11527, Greece
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9
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Liu J, Ming B, Gong GH, Wang D, Bao GL, Yu LJ. Current research on anti-breast cancer synthetic compounds. RSC Adv 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer for females and its incidence tends to increase year by year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute
- Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
- Tongliao
- People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System
| | - Bian Ming
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute
- Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
- Tongliao
- People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System
| | - Guo-Hua Gong
- First Clinical Medical of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
- Tongliao
- People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wang
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute
- Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
- Tongliao
- People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System
| | - Gui-Lan Bao
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute
- Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
- Tongliao
- People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Institute
- Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
- Tongliao
- People's Republic of China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Mongolian Medicine Pharmacology for Cardio-Cerebral Vascular System
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