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Torchelsen FKVDS, Mazzeti AL, Mosqueira VCF. Drugs in preclinical and early clinical development for the treatment of Chagas´s disease: the current status. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:575-590. [PMID: 38686546 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2349289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is spreading faster than expected in different countries, and little progress has been reported in the discovery of new drugs to combat Trypanosoma cruzi infection in humans. Recent clinical trials have ended with small hope. The pathophysiology of this neglected disease and the genetic diversity of parasites are exceptionally complex. The only two drugs available to treat patients are far from being safe, and their efficacy in the chronic phase is still unsatisfactory. AREAS COVERED This review offers a comprehensive examination and critical review of data reported in the last 10 years, and it is focused on findings of clinical trials and data acquired in vivo in preclinical studies. EXPERT OPINION The in vivo investigations classically in mice and dog models are also challenging and time-consuming to attest cure for infection. Poorly standardized protocols, availability of diagnosis methods and disease progression markers, the use of different T. cruzi strains with variable benznidazole sensitivities, and animals in different acute and chronic phases of infection contribute to it. More synchronized efforts between research groups in this field are required to put in evidence new promising substances, drug combinations, repurposing strategies, and new pharmaceutical formulations to impact the therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Karoline Vieira da Silva Torchelsen
- School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Academic Unit of Passos, University of Minas Gerais State, Passos, Brazil
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de Almeida GC, de Oliveira GB, da Silva Monte Z, Costa ÉCS, da Silva Falcão EP, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Oliveira Silva R, Pereira VRA, da Silva ED, Junior PAS, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, de Melo SJ. Structure-based design, optimization of lead, synthesis, and biological evaluation of compounds active against Trypanosoma cruzi. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:843-856. [PMID: 37455325 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Chagas' disease affects approximately eight million people throughout the world, especially the poorest individuals. The protozoan that causes this disease-Trypanosoma cruzi-has the enzyme cruzipain, which is the main therapeutic target. As no available medications have satisfactory effectiveness and safety, it is of fundamental importance to design and synthesize novel analogues that are more active and selective. In the present study, molecular docking and the in silico prediction of ADMET properties were used as strategies to optimize the trypanocidal activity of the pyrimidine compound ZN3F based on interactions with the target site in cruzipain. From the computational results, eight 4-amino-5-carbonitrile-pyrimidine analogues were proposed, synthesized (5a-f and 7g-h) and, tested in vitro on the trypomastigote form of the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi. The in silico study showed that the designed analogues bond favorably to important amino acid residues of the active site in cruzipain. An in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity was performed on L929 mammal cell lines. All derivatives inhibited the Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi and also exhibited lower toxicity to L929 cells. The 5e product, in particular, proved to be a potent, selective (IC50 = 2.79 ± 0.00 μM, selectivity index = 31.3) inhibitor of T. cruzi. The present results indicated the effectiveness of drugs based on the structure of the receptor, revealing the potential trypanocidal of pyrimidines. This study also provides information on molecular aspects for the inhibition of cruzipain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleybson Correia de Almeida
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gerliny Bezerra de Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Zenaide da Silva Monte
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Érick Caique Santos Costa
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Laboratory of Cheminformatics, Program of Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products (PgPNSB), Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Oliveira Silva
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Center for Exact and Natural Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Av. Journalist Anibal Fernandes, Recife, Brazil
| | - Valéria Rêgo Alves Pereira
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elis Dionisio da Silva
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Ademar Sales Junior
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marton Kaique de Andrade Cavalcante
- Aggeu Magalhães Research Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Federal University of Pernambuco - Campus da Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, Recife, Brazil
| | - Sebastião José de Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences, Department of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco/UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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3
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Pathak S, Bhardwaj M, Agrawal N, Bhardwaj A. A comprehensive review on potential candidates for the treatment of chagas disease. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:587-605. [PMID: 37070386 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Twenty different infectious disorders induced by bacteria, viruses, and parasites are categorized as neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) by WHO. The severity of chagas disease remains a major concern in endemic areas and an emerging public health hazard in nonendemic countries. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of this NTD, is mostly transmitted by triatomine vectors and comprises a range of epidemiologically significant variants. Current chemotherapeutics are obsolete, and one of the primary reasons for treatment cessation is their poor safety and effectiveness. Due to the aforementioned challenges, researchers are now focusing on discovering alternative novel safe, and economically reachable therapies for the treatment of trypanosomiasis. Certain target-based drugs that target specific biochemical processes of the causative parasites have been described as potential antichagasic agents that possesses various types of heterocyclic scaffolds. These flexible molecules have a wide range of biological actions, and various synthesized compounds with strong activity have been documented. This review aims to discuss the available literature on synthetic anti-T. cruzi drugs that will give a food for thought to medicinal chemists thriving to design and develop such drugs. Furthermore, some of the studies discussed herein are concerned with the potential of novel drugs to block new viable sites in T. cruzi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpi Pathak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Muskan Bhardwaj
- Hospital Administration, FCAM, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Neetu Agrawal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Aditya Bhardwaj
- Department of Healthcare Management, Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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4
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Maltarollo VG, da Silva EB, Kronenberger T, Sena Andrade MM, de Lima Marques GV, Cândido Oliveira NJ, Santos LH, Oliveira Rezende Júnior CD, Cassiano Martinho AC, Skinner D, Fajtová P, M Fernandes TH, Silveira Dos Santos ED, Rodrigues Gazolla PA, Martins de Souza AP, da Silva ML, Dos Santos FS, Lavorato SN, Oliveira Bretas AC, Carvalho DT, Franco LL, Luedtke S, Giardini MA, Poso A, Dias LC, Podust LM, Alves RJ, McKerrow J, Andrade SF, Teixeira RR, Siqueira-Neto JL, O'Donoghue A, de Oliveira RB, Ferreira RS. Structure-based discovery of thiosemicarbazones as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:959-985. [PMID: 37435731 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Discovery of novel SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors using a structure-based drug discovery strategy. Materials & methods: Virtual screening employing covalent and noncovalent docking was performed to discover Mpro inhibitors, which were subsequently evaluated in biochemical and cellular assays. Results: 91 virtual hits were selected for biochemical assays, and four were confirmed as reversible inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 Mpro with IC50 values of 0.4-3 μM. They were also shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-1 Mpro and human cathepsin L. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated the stability of the Mpro inhibitor complexes and the interaction of ligands at the subsites. Conclusion: This approach led to the discovery of novel thiosemicarbazones as potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Gonçalves Maltarollo
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Elany Barbosa da Silva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Thales Kronenberger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Marina Mol Sena Andrade
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Gabriel V de Lima Marques
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Nereu J Cândido Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucianna H Santos
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana C Cassiano Martinho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Danielle Skinner
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
- Institute of Organic Chemistry & Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Thaís H M Fernandes
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093, Brazil
| | - Eduardo da Silveira Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093, Brazil
| | - Poliana A Rodrigues Gazolla
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Ana P Martins de Souza
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Milene Lopes da Silva
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Fabíola S Dos Santos
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Stefânia N Lavorato
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
- Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Barreiras, Bahia, 47810-047, Brazil
| | - Ana C Oliveira Bretas
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Lucas Lopardi Franco
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Luedtke
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Miriam A Giardini
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Antti Poso
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided & Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- Tübingen Center for Academic Drug Discovery, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, 72076, Germany
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, 70211, Finland
| | - Luiz C Dias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Larissa M Podust
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Ricardo J Alves
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - James McKerrow
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Saulo F Andrade
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093, Brazil
- Pharmaceutical Synthesis Group (PHARSG), Departamento de Produção de Matéria-Prima, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90160-093, Brazil
| | - Róbson R Teixeira
- Grupo de Síntese e Pesquisa de Compostos Bioativos (GSPCB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jair L Siqueira-Neto
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Anthony O'Donoghue
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0657, USA
| | - Renata B de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Department of Biochemistry & Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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5
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Cox Holanda de Barros Dias M, Souza Barbalho M, Bezerra de Oliveira Filho G, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Lima Leite AC, da Silva Santos AC, Cristovão Silva AC, Accioly Brelaz de Castro MC, Maria Nascimento Moura D, Gomes Rebello Ferreira LF, Zaldini Hernandes M, de Freitas E Silva R, Rêgo Alves Pereira V. 1,3-Thiazole derivatives as privileged structures for anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity: Rational design, synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 257:115508. [PMID: 37267753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a deadly and centenary neglected disease that is recently surging as a potential global threat. Approximately 30% of infected individuals develop chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy and current treatment with the reference benznidazole (BZN) is ineffective for this stage. We presently report the structural planning, synthesis, characterization, molecular docking prediction, cytotoxicity, in vitro bioactivity and mechanistic studies on the anti-T. cruzi activity of a series of 16 novel 1,3-thiazoles (2-17) derived from thiosemicarbazones (1a, 1b) in a two-step and reproducible Hantzsch-based synthesis approach. The anti-T. cruzi activity was evaluated in vitro against the epimastigote, amastigote and trypomastigote forms of the parasite. In the bioactivity assays, all thiazoles were more potent than BZN against epimastigotes. We found that the compounds presented an overall increased anti-tripomastigote selectivity (Cpd 8 was 24-fold more selective) than BZN, and they mostly presented anti-amastigote activity at very low doses (from 3.65 μM, cpd 15). Mechanistic studies on cell death suggested that the series of 1,3-thiazole compounds herein reported cause parasite cell death through apoptosis, but without compromising the mitochondrial membrane potential. In silico prediction of physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic parameters showed promising drug-like results, being all the reported compounds in compliance with Lipinski and Veber rules. In summary, our work contributes towards a more rational design of potent and selective antitripanosomal drugs, using affordable methodology to yield industrially viable drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabilly Cox Holanda de Barros Dias
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Mayara Souza Barbalho
- Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 50670- 420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luiz Felipe Gomes Rebello Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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6
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da Conceição JM, da Silva Santos AC, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Pinto AF, Brondani GL, de Oliveira Filho GB, Bedor DCG, da Silva JWV, Sales Junior PA, de Andrade Cavalcante MK, da Silva ED, Pereira VRA, Leite ACL. Structural design, synthesis, and anti-Trypanosomatidae profile of new Pyridyl-thiazolidinones. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 254:115310. [PMID: 37062170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the synthesis of a novel series of pyridine-thiazolidinones with anti-Trypanosoma cruzi and leishmanicidal activities (compounds 10-27), derived from 2 or 4-pyridine thiosemicarbazones (1-9). The in vitro assays were performed with Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes and amastigotes, as well as with Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and amastigotes. The cytotoxicity profile was evaluated using the cell line RAW 264.7. From the 18 pyridine-thiazolidinones, 5 were able to inhibit trypomastigotes. Overall, all compounds inhibited amastigotes, highlighting compounds 15 (0.60 μM), 18 (0.64 μM), 17 (0.81 μM), and 27 (0.89 μM). Compounds 15 and 18 were able to induce parasite cell death through necrosis induction. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigotes treated with compounds 15 and 18 induced morphological changes such as shortening, retraction and curvature of the parasite body and leakage of internal content. Regarding the antiparasitic evaluation against Leishmania amazonensis, only compound 27 had a higher selectivity compared to Miltefosine against the amastigote form (IC50 = 5.70 μM). Our results showed that compound 27 presented an antiparasitic activity for both Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis. After in silico evaluation, it was suggested that the new pyridine-thiazolidinones had an appropriate drug-likeness profile. Our results pointed out a new chemical frame with an anti-Trypanosomatidae profile. The pyridine-thiazolidinones presented here for the first time could be used as a starting point for the development of new antiparasitic agents.
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7
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Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Angulo-Elizari E, Sanmartín C, Plano D. Small molecules containing chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te) as new warhead to fight neglected tropical diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115002. [PMID: 36493616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) encompass a group of infectious diseases with a protozoan etiology, high incidence, and prevalence in developing countries. As a result, economic factors constitute one of the main obstacles to their management. Endemic countries have high levels of poverty, deprivation and marginalization which affect patients and limit their access to proper medical care. As a matter of fact, statistics remain uncollected in some affected areas due to non-reporting cases. World Health Organization and other organizations proposed a plan for the eradication and control of the vector, although many of these plans were halted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite of the available drugs to treat these pathologies, it exists a lack of effectiveness against several parasite strains. Treatment protocols for diseases such as American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), leishmaniasis, and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) have not achieved the desired results. Unfortunately, these drugs present limitations such as side effects, toxicity, teratogenicity, renal, and hepatic impairment, as well as high costs that have hindered the control and eradication of these diseases. This review focuses on the analysis of a collection of scientific shreds of evidence with the aim of identifying novel chalcogen-derived molecules with biological activity against Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and HAT. Compounds illustrated in each figure share the distinction of containing at least one chalcogen element. Sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te) have been grouped and analyzed in accordance with their design strategy, chemical synthesis process and biological activity. After an exhaustive revision of the related literature on S, Se, and Te compounds, 183 compounds presenting excellent biological performance were gathered against the different causative agents of CD, leishmaniasis and HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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8
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Cruz Filho IJDA, Oliveira JFDE, Santos ACS, Pereira VRA, Lima MCADE. Synthesis of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds: in silico and in vitro evaluations as leishmanicidal and trypanocidal agents. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220538. [PMID: 37132749 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a diverse group of communicable pathologies that mainly prevail in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological potential of eight 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds. Tests were carried out in silico to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties, the antioxidant, cytotoxic activities in animal cells and antiparasitic activities were evaluated against the different forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro. The in silico study showed that the evaluated compounds showed good oral availability. In a preliminary in vitro study, the compounds showed moderate to low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity assays show that the compounds showed moderate to low toxicity. In relation to leishmanicidal activity, the compounds presented IC50 values that ranged from 19.86 to 200 µM for the promastigote form, while for the amastigote forms, IC50 ranged from 101 to more than 200 µM. The compounds showed better results against the forms of T. cruzi with IC50 ranging from 1.67 to 100 µM for the trypomastigote form and 1.96 to values greater than 200 µM for the amastigote form. This study showed that thiazole compounds can be used as future antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranildo José DA Cruz Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamerson F DE Oliveira
- University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Av. da Abolição, 3, Centro 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Caroline S Santos
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria R A Pereira
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmo A DE Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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9
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From rational design to serendipity: Discovery of novel thiosemicarbazones as potent trypanocidal compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114876. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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Maganti LHB, Ramesh D, Vijayakumar BG, Khan MIK, Dhayalan A, Kamalraja J, Kannan T. Acetylene containing 2-(2-hydrazinyl)thiazole derivatives: design, synthesis, and in vitro and in silico evaluation of antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. RSC Adv 2022; 12:8771-8782. [PMID: 35424819 PMCID: PMC8984819 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00928e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to commercially available drugs is increasing day by day. To address this issue, various strategies were planned and are being implemented. However, there is a need for new drugs and rapid diagnostic methods. For this endeavour, in this paper, we present the synthesis of acetylene containing 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazole derivatives and in vitro evaluation against the H37Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Among the developed 26 acetylene containing 2-(2-hydrazinyl) thiazole derivatives, eight compounds inhibited the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC values ranging from 100 μg ml-1 to 50 μg ml-1. The parent acetylene containing thiosemicarbazones showed promising antimycobacterial activity by inhibiting up to 75% of the Mycobacterium at 50 μg ml-1. In addition, in silico studies were employed to understand the binding mode of all the novel acetylene-containing derivatives against the KasA protein of the Mycobacterium. Interestingly, the KasA protein interactions with the compounds were similar to the interactions of KasA protein with thiolactomycin and rifampicin. Cytotoxicity study results indicate that the compounds tested are non-toxic to human embryonic kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepthi Ramesh
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India +91-413-265 6740 +91-413-265 4411
| | - Balaji Gowrivel Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India +91-413-265 6740 +91-413-265 4411
| | - Mohd Imran K Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India
| | - Arunkumar Dhayalan
- Department of Biotechnology, Pondicherry University Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India
| | - Jayabal Kamalraja
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India +91-413-265 6740 +91-413-265 4411
| | - Tharanikkarasu Kannan
- Department of Chemistry, Pondicherry University Kalapet Puducherry-605014 India +91-413-265 6740 +91-413-265 4411
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11
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Examination of multiple Trypanosoma cruzi targets in a new drug discovery approach for Chagas disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 58:116577. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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12
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Aggarwal R, Hooda M, Jain N, Sanz D, Claramunt RM, Twamley B, Rozas I. An efficient, one-pot, regioselective synthesis of 2-aryl/hetaryl-4-methyl-5-acylthiazoles under solvent-free conditions. J Sulphur Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2021.1975119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana Aggarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
- CSIR-National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Mona Hooda
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Naman Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India
| | - Dionisia Sanz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Claramunt
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Bio-orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Madrid, Spain
| | - Brendan Twamley
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
| | - Isabel Rozas
- School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin2, Ireland
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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Thiazolyl-Ethylidene Hydrazino-Thiazole Derivatives: A Novel Heterocyclic System. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11198908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of 2-(1-(2-(2-(4-methoxybenzylidene)hydrazinyl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethylidene)hydrazinecarbothioamide with a range of hydrazonoyl chlorides and α-halo-compounds yielded three new series of thiazole derivatives. Chemical and physical techniques were used to analyze all newly prepared derivatives (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FT-IR and mass spectrometry). The potential antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the synthesized derivatives were investigated using various in vitro biological experiments. Most of the thiazole compounds tested were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, a minimum inhibition concentration was determined for the antibiotic properties of the most active produced substances. The cytotoxic activities were tested on HepG-2 (liver carcinoma), HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) and MDA-MB-231 (breast carcinoma) cell lines in comparison with cisplatin reference drug and using colorimetric MTT assay. The results detected that compound 10c was the most potent against the three tested cell lines. Interestingly, when the tested compounds were evaluated for their toxicity against normal (MRC-5) cells, they exhibited low toxic effects indicating the safe use of most of them that may require further in vivo and pharmacological studies.
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Caba-Flores MD, Hernández-Romero D, López-Monteon A, Sánchez-Pavón E, Valdez-Ortega DC, López-Domínguez J, Romero-Cruz VA, Limón-Flores AY, Trigos Á, Ramos-Ligonio A. Activity In Vitro of 2-Chloro-N-[4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-2-Thiazolyl]Acetamide Against Promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana: An Apoptosis Inducer. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66:1068-1073. [PMID: 33616814 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-020-00328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease transmitted by insects that proliferate mainly in impoverished environments of tropical climates. In the absence of an effective vaccine, pharmacological treatment is the main tool to combat this disease. The objective of this work was to analyze the anti-leishmanial activity of 2-chloro-N-[4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-thiazolyl] acetamide (AT) in promastigotes of Leishmania mexicana. METHODS The biological activity of the compound was evaluated using a sulphorhodamine B cytotoxicity test and the integrity of the erythrocytes was evaluated by a lysis test. The anti-trypanosomatid activity was evaluated in vitro, a cell death assay was performed by flow cytometry (IP/Annexin V stain) and a parasite growth recovery assay was performed. RESULTS The AT showed a CC50 value of 0.031 µM for HeLa cells after 24 h of exposure, which did not induce erythrocyte lysis. On the other hand, the AT showed an IC50 value of 0.086 µM for L. mexicana (promastigote form) after 24 h of interaction. The compound was capable of inducing apoptosis in the parasites and did not allow recovery after 24 h of exposure. CONCLUSION This study provides valuable information with the objective of developing new drugs for the treatment of this disease, although more research on this molecule is needed to improve its biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Daniel Caba-Flores
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Industrial Las Ánimas, Universidad Veracruzana, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Delia Hernández-Romero
- LADISER de Química Orgánica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Aracely López-Monteon
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Esmeralda Sánchez-Pavón
- LADISER de Química Orgánica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Diana Carolina Valdez-Ortega
- LADISER de Química Orgánica y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Jaime López-Domínguez
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Víctor Adolfo Romero-Cruz
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Alberto Yair Limón-Flores
- Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario, Servicio de Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Ángel Trigos
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Dr. Luis Castelazo Ayala, Industrial Las Ánimas, Universidad Veracruzana, C.P. 91190, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Angel Ramos-Ligonio
- LADISER Inmunología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Prolongación Oriente 6, No. 1009, Col. Rafael Alvarado, CP 94340, Orizaba, Veracruz, Mexico.
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15
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Oliveira AR, Dos Santos FA, Ferreira LPDL, Pitta MGDR, Silva MVDO, Cardoso MVDO, Pinto AF, Marchand P, de Melo Rêgo MJB, Leite ACL. Synthesis, anticancer activity and mechanism of action of new phthalimido-1,3-thiazole derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 347:109597. [PMID: 34303695 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, 22 new compounds were obtained and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and eight different tumor cell lines. All compounds displayed IC50 values above 100 μM when assayed against PBMCs. The cytotoxic assays in tumor cell lines revealed that sub-series of phthalimido-bis-1,3-thiazoles (5a-f) exhibited the best anti-tumor activity profile, presenting viability values below 59 %. As a result, the IC50 value was calculated for compounds 5a-f and 4c, and compounds 5b and 5e were selected for further assays due to their best IC50s. Considering the results presented by the sub-series 5a-f, the importance of the 1,3-thiazole ring in improving the anti-tumor activity was pointed out. Together, the results highlighted the anti-tumor activity of phthalimido-bis-1,3-thiazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsênio Rodrigues Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Université de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et Du Cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Flaviana Alves Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (LINAT-UFPE), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pelágia de Lima Ferreira
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (LINAT-UFPE), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (LINAT-UFPE), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Aline Ferreira Pinto
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Université de Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et Du Cancer, IICiMed, EA 1155, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo Rêgo
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Novas Abordagens Terapêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (LINAT-UFPE), 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil.
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Petrou A, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazole Ring-A Biologically Active Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:3166. [PMID: 34070661 PMCID: PMC8198555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. OBJECTIVE To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. RESULTS Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.F.)
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17
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Mazzeti AL, Capelari-Oliveira P, Bahia MT, Mosqueira VCF. Review on Experimental Treatment Strategies Against Trypanosoma cruzi. J Exp Pharmacol 2021; 13:409-432. [PMID: 33833592 PMCID: PMC8020333 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s267378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, only nitroheterocyclic nifurtimox (NFX) and benznidazole (BNZ) are available for the treatment of Chagas disease, with limitations such as variable efficacy, long treatment regimens and toxicity. Different strategies have been used to discover new active molecules for the treatment of Chagas disease. Target-based and phenotypic screening led to thousands of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity, notably the nitroheterocyclic compounds, fexinidazole and its metabolites. In addition, drug repurposing, drug combinations, re-dosing regimens and the development of new formulations have been evaluated. The CYP51 antifungal azoles, as posaconazole, ravuconazole and its prodrug fosravuconazole presented promising results in experimental Chagas disease. Drug combinations of nitroheterocyclic and azoles were able to induce cure in murine infection. New treatment schemes using BNZ showed efficacy in the experimental chronic stage, including against dormant forms of T. cruzi. And finally, sesquiterpene lactone formulated in nanocarriers displayed outstanding efficacy against different strains of T. cruzi, susceptible or resistant to BNZ, the reference drug. These pre-clinical results are encouraging and provide interesting evidence to improve the treatment of patients with Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lia Mazzeti
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil.,Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.,Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Patricia Capelari-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Bahia
- Laboratório de Doenças Parasitárias, Escola de Medicina & Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico e Nanotecnologia, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
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18
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Synthesis, Molecular Docking Studies and In Silico ADMET Screening of New Heterocycles Linked Thiazole Conjugates as Potent Anti-Hepatic Cancer Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061705. [PMID: 33803823 PMCID: PMC8003218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazoles are important scaffolds in organic chemistry. Biosynthesis of thiazoles is considered to be an excellent target for the design of novel classes of therapeutic agents. In this study, a new series of 2-ethylidenehydrazono-5-arylazothiazoles 5a–d and 2-ethylidenehydrazono-5-arylazo- thiazolones 8a–d were synthesized via the cyclocondensation reaction of the appropriate hydrazonyl halides 4a–d and 7a–d with ethylidene thiosemicarbazide 3, respectively. Furthermore, the thiosemicarbazide derivative 3 was reacted with different bromoacetyl compounds 10–12 to afford the respective thiazole derivatives 13–15. Chemical composition of the novel derivatives was established on bases of their spectral data (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry) and microanalytical data. The newly synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro anti-hepatic cancer potency using an MTT assay. Moreover, an in silico technique was used to assess the interaction modes of the compounds with the active site of Rho6 protein. The docking studies of the target Rho6 with the newly synthesized fourteen compounds showed good docking scores with acceptable binding interactions. The presented results revealed that the newly synthesized compounds exhibited promising inhibition activity against hepatic cancer cell lines (HepG2).
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An Overview of the Synthesis and Antimicrobial, Antiprotozoal, and Antitumor Activity of Thiazole and Bisthiazole Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030624. [PMID: 33504100 PMCID: PMC7865802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazole, a five-membered heteroaromatic ring, is an important scaffold of a large number of synthetic compounds. Its diverse pharmacological activity is reflected in many clinically approved thiazole-containing molecules, with an extensive range of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antihelmintic, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to its significance in the field of medicinal chemistry, numerous biologically active thiazole and bisthiazole derivatives have been reported in the scientific literature. The current review provides an overview of different methods for the synthesis of thiazole and bisthiazole derivatives and describes various compounds bearing a thiazole and bisthiazole moiety possessing antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, and antitumor activity, encouraging further research on the discovery of thiazole-containing drugs.
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Nossa González DL, Gómez Castaño JA, Rozo Núñez WE, Duchowicz PR. Antiprotozoal QSAR modelling for trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) based on thiosemicarbazone and thiazole derivatives. J Mol Graph Model 2020; 103:107821. [PMID: 33333422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a neglected endemic infection that affects around 8 million people worldwide and causes 12,000 premature deaths per year. Traditional chemotherapy is limited to the nitro-antiparasitic drugs Benznidazole and Nifurtimox, which present serious side effects and low long-term efficacy. Several research efforts have been made over the last decade to find new chemical structures with better effectiveness and tolerance than standard anti-Chagas drugs. Among these, new sets of thiosemicarbazone and thiazole derivatives have exhibited potent in vitro activity against T. cruzi, especially for its extracellular forms (epimastigote and trypomastigote). In this work, we have developed three antiprotozoal quantitative structure-relationship (QSAR) models for Chagas disease based on the in vitro activity data reported as IC50 (μM) and CC50 (μM) over the last decade, particularly by Lima-Leite's group in Brazil. The models were developed using the replacement method (RM), a technique based on Multivariable Linear Regression (MLR), and external and internal validation methodologies, like the use of a test set, Leave-one-Out (LOO) cross-validation and Y-Randomization. Two of these QSAR models were developed for trypomastigotes form of the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, one based on IC50 and the other on CC50 data; while the third QSAR model was developed for its epimastigotes form based on CC50 activity. Our models presented sound statistical parameters that endorses their prediction capability. Such capability was tested for a set of 13 hitherto-unknown structurally related aromatic cyclohexanone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana L Nossa González
- Grupo Química-Física Molecular y Modelamiento Computacional (QUIMOL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central Del Norte, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.
| | - Jovanny A Gómez Castaño
- Grupo Química-Física Molecular y Modelamiento Computacional (QUIMOL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central Del Norte, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia.
| | - Wilson E Rozo Núñez
- Grupo Química-Física Molecular y Modelamiento Computacional (QUIMOL), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Avenida Central Del Norte, Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Pablo R Duchowicz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (CONICET- Universidad Nacional de La Plata), Diagonal 113 y calle 64, C.C. 16, Sucursal 4, 1900, La Plata, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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21
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Dorababu A. Pharmacology Profile of Recently Developed Multi‐Functional Azoles; SAR‐Based Predictive Structural Modification. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- Department of Studies in ChemistrySRMPP Govt. First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219, Karnataka India
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22
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Synthesis and trypanocidal activity of novel pyridinyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 127:110162. [PMID: 32407986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we present the design, synthesis and trypanocidal evaluation of sixteen new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives from N-aminobenzyl or N-arylhydrazone series. All derivatives were assayed against the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing IC50 values ranging from 3 to 226 μM, and a better trypanocidal profile was demonstrated for the 1,3,4-thiadiazole-N-arylhydrazones (3a-g). In this series, the 2-pyridinyl fragment bound to the imine subunit of the hydrazine moiety presented pharmacophoric behavior for trypanocidal activity. Compounds 2a, 11a and 3e presented remarkable activity and excellent selectivity indexes. Compound 2a was also active against the intracellular amastigote form of T. cruzi. Moreover, its corresponding hydrochloride, compound 11a, showed the most promising profile, producing phenotypic changes similar to those caused by posaconazole, a well-known inhibitor of sterol biosynthesis. Thus, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivative 11a could be considered a good prototype for the development of new drug candidates for Chagas disease therapy.
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23
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Sayed AR, Gomha SM, Taher EA, Muhammad ZA, El-Seedi HR, Gaber HM, Ahmed MM. One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Thiazoles as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:1363-1375. [PMID: 32308369 PMCID: PMC7138620 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s221263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Thiazole and thiosemicarbazone derivatives are known to have potential anticancer activity with a mechanism of action related to inhibition of matrix metallo-proteinases, kinases and anti-apoptotic BCL2 family proteins. Materials and Methods A novel three series of 5-(1-(2-(thiazol-2-yl)hydrazono)ethyl)thiazole derivatives were prepared in a one-pot three-component reaction using 2-(2-benzylidene hydrazinyl)-4-methylthiazole as a starting precursor. MS, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized compounds. Most of the synthesized products were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer screening against HCT-116, HT-29 and HepG2 using the MTT colorimetric assay. Results The results indicated that compounds 4c, 4d and 8c showed growth inhibition activity against HCT-116 with IC50 values of 3.80 ± 0.80, 3.65 ± 0.90 and 3.16 ± 0.90 μM, respectively, compared to harmine (IC50 = 2.40 ± 0.12 μM) and cisplatin (IC50 = 5.18 ± 0.94 μM) reference drugs. Also, compounds 8c, 4d and 4c showed promising IC50 values of 3.47 ± 0.79, 4.13 ± 0.51 and 7.24 ± 0.62 μM, respectively, against the more resistant human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell line compared with harmine (IC50 = 4.59 ± 0.67 μM) and cisplatin (IC50 = 11.68 ± 1.54 μM). On the other hand, compounds 4d, 4c, 8c and 11c were the most active (IC50 values of 2.31± 0.43, 2.94 ± 0.62, 4.57 ± 0.85 and 9.86 ± 0.78 μM, respectively) against the hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line compared with harmine (IC50 = 2.54 ± 0.82 μM) and cisplatin (IC50 = 41 ± 0.63 μM). The study also suggested that the mechanism of the anticancer action exerted by the most active compounds (4c, 4d and 8c) inside HCT-116 cells was apoptosis through the Bcl-2 family. Conclusion Thiazole scaffolds 4c, 4d and 8c showed anticancer activities in the micromolar range and are appropriate as a candidate for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelwahed R Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, KFU, Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-suef University, Beni-suef, Egypt
| | - Sobhi M Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University in Almadinah Almonawara, Almadinah Almonawara 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman A Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Muhammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32512, Egypt.,Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala SE-75123, Sweden
| | - Hatem M Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Mahgoub M Ahmed
- Molecular Drug Evaluation Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt
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24
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Cardoso MVDO, Oliveira Filho GBD, Siqueira LRPD, Espíndola JWP, Silva EBD, Mendes APDO, Pereira VRA, Castro MCABD, Ferreira RS, Villela FS, Costa FMRD, Meira CS, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. 2-(phenylthio)ethylidene derivatives as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi compounds: Structural design, synthesis and antiparasitic activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 180:191-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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25
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Kryshchyshyn A, Kaminskyy D, Karpenko O, Gzella A, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Thiazolidinone/thiazole based hybrids - New class of antitrypanosomal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 174:292-308. [PMID: 31051403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Different compounds have been investigated as potent drugs for trypanosomiasis treatment, but no new drug has been marketed in the past 3 decades. 4-Thiazolidinone/thiazole as privileged structures and thiosemicarbazides cyclic analogs are well known scaffolds in novel antitrypanosomal agent design. We present here the design and synthesis of new hybrid molecules bearing thiazolidinone/thiazole cores linked by the hydrazone group with various molecular fragments. Structure optimization led to compounds with phenyl-indole or phenyl-imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole moieties showing excellent antitrypanosomal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Biological study allowed identifying compounds with the submicromolar levels of IC50, good selectivity indexes and relatively low cytotoxicity upon human primary fibroblasts as well as low acute toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine
| | | | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, Poznan, 60-780, Poland
| | - Philippe Grellier
- National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, Team BAMEE, CP 52, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, Lviv, 79010, Ukraine; Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
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26
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Holota S, Kryshchyshyn A, Derkach H, Trufin Y, Demchuk I, Gzella A, Grellier P, Lesyk R. Synthesis of 5-enamine-4-thiazolidinone derivatives with trypanocidal and anticancer activity. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:126-136. [PMID: 30690336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(5-aminomethylene-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylpropionic acid ethyl esters has been synthesized. Target compounds were evaluated for their trypanocidal activity towards Trypanosoma brucei brucei and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense. Several hit-compounds (8, 10, 12) inhibited growth of the parasites at sub-micromolar concentrations (IC50 0.027-1.936 µM) and showed significant selectivity indices (SI = 108-1396.2) being non-toxic towards the human primary fibroblasts. The screening of anticancer activity in vitro within NCI DTP protocol allowed to identify active 2-(5-{[5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-thiazol-2-ylamino]-methylene}-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-3-phenylpropionic acid ethyl ester 14 that demonstrated inhibition against all 59 human tumor cell lines with the average GI50 value of 2.57 μM. It was established that the activity type (antitrypanosomal or anticancer) as well as its level depends on the character of enamine fragment in the C5 position of thiazolidinone core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Holota
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine; Department of Organic Chemistry and Pharmacy, Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Volya Avenue 13, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Anna Kryshchyshyn
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Halyna Derkach
- Department of Chemistry, Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, 2 Halytska, Ivano-Frankivsk 76018, Ukraine
| | - Yaroslava Trufin
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Inna Demchuk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine
| | - Andrzej Gzella
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Grunwaldzka 6, 60-780 Poznan, Poland
| | - Philippe Grellier
- National Museum of Natural History, UMR 7245 CNRS-MNHN, Team APE, CP 52, 57 Rue Cuvier, Paris 75005, France
| | - Roman Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69 Pekarska, Lviv 79010, Ukraine; Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland.
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27
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Scarim CB, Jornada DH, Machado MGM, Ferreira CMR, Dos Santos JL, Chung MC. Thiazole, thio and semicarbazone derivatives against tropical infective diseases: Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 162:378-395. [PMID: 30453246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole, thiosemicarbazone and semicarbazone moieties are privileged scaffolds (acting as primary pharmacophores) in many compounds that are useful to treat several diseases, mainly tropical infectious diseases. In this review article, we critically analyzed the contribution of these scaffolds to medicinal chemistry in the last five years, focusing on tropical infectious diseases, such as Chagas disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), leishmaniasis, and malaria. We also present perspectives for their use in drug design in order to contribute to the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cauê Benito Scarim
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Man Chin Chung
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Tiwari J, Singh S, Tufail F, Jaiswal D, Singh J, Singh J. Glycerol Micellar Catalysis: An Efficient Multicomponent-Tandem Green Synthetic Approach to Biologically Important 2, 4-Disubstituted Thiazole Derivatives. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tiwari
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Swastika Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Fatima Tufail
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Deepali Jaiswal
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
| | - Jaya Singh
- Department of Chemistry; LRPG College, Sahibabad, Uttar Pradesh; India
| | - Jagdamba Singh
- Environmentally Benign Synthesis Lab; Department of Chemistry; University of Allahabad; Allahabad-211002 India
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29
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Rocha DA, Silva EB, Fortes IS, Lopes MS, Ferreira RS, Andrade SF. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship studies of cruzain and rhodesain inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:1426-1459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Arandkar V, Vaarla K, Vedula RR. Facile one pot multicomponent synthesis of novel 4-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-(3-(aryl/heteryl)-5-(aryl/heteryl)-4,5-dihydro-1 H-pyrazol-1yl)thiazole derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2018.1440600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arandkar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Krishnaiah Vaarla
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
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31
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Biological evaluation and in silico molecular docking study of a new series of thiazol-2-yl-hydrazone conglomerates. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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de Santana TI, Barbosa MDO, Gomes PATDM, da Cruz ACN, da Silva TG, Leite ACL. Synthesis, anticancer activity and mechanism of action of new thiazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 144:874-886. [PMID: 29329071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole derivatives are recognized to possess various biological activities as antiparasitic, antifungal, antimicrobial and antiproliferative. The present work reports the synthesis of 22 new substances belonging to two classes of compounds: thiosemicarbazones and thiazoles, with the purpose of developing new drugs that present high specificity for tumor cells and low toxicity to the organism. A cytotoxic screening was performed to evaluate the performance of the new derivatives in five tumor cell lines. Eight compounds were shown to be promising in at least three tumor cell lines. These compounds had their IC50 determined within 72 h and the activity structure ratio was assessed. The effect of the best compounds on PBMC and hemolytic activity assay was then evaluated. The compound 1d was considered the most promising among the samples tested and its influence on cell cycle, DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temístocles Italo de Santana
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Miria de Oliveira Barbosa
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Teresinha Gonçalves da Silva
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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33
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de Oliveira Filho GB, Cardoso MVDO, Espíndola JWP, Oliveira E Silva DA, Ferreira RS, Coelho PL, Anjos PSD, Santos EDS, Meira CS, Moreira DRM, Soares MBP, Leite ACL. Structural design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of thiazoles against Trypanosoma cruzi. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:346-361. [PMID: 29031078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is one of the most significant health problems in the American continent. benznidazole (BDZ) and nifurtimox (NFX) are the only drugs approved for treatment and exhibit strong side effects and ineffectiveness in the chronic stage, besides different susceptibility among T. cruzi DTUs (Discrete Typing Units). Therefore, new drugs to treat this disease are necessary. Thiazole compounds have been described as potent trypanocidal agents. Here we report the structural planning, synthesis and anti-T. cruzi evaluation of a new series of 1,3-thiazoles (7-28), which were designed by placing this heterocycle instead of thiazolidin-4-one ring. The synthesis was conducted in an ultrasonic bath with 2-propanol as solvent at room temperature. By varying substituents attached to the phenyl and thiazole rings, substituents were observed to retain, enhance or greatly increase their anti-T. cruzi activity. In some cases, methyl at position 5 of the thiazole (compounds 9, 12 and 23) increased trypanocidal property. The exchange of phenyl for pyridinyl heterocycle resulted in increased activity, giving rise to the most potent compound against the trypomasigote form (14, IC50trypo = 0.37 μM). Importantly, these new thiazoles were toxic for trypomastigotes without affecting macrophages and cardiomyoblast viability. The compounds were also evaluated against cruzain, and five of the most active compounds against trypomastigotes (7, 9, 12, 16 and 23) inhibited more than 70% of enzymatic activity at 10 μM, among which compound 7 had an IC50 in the submicromolar range, suggesting a possible mechanism of action. In addition, examination of T. cruzi cell death showed that compound 14 induces apoptosis. We also examined the activity against intracellular parasites, revealing that compound 14 inhibited T. cruzi infection with potency similar to benznidazole. The antiparasitic effect of 14 and benznidazole in combination was also investigated against trypomastigotes and revealed that they have synergistic effects, showing a promising profile for drug combination. Finally, in mice acutely-infected with T. cruzi,14 treatment significanty reduced the blood parasitaemia and had a protective effect on mortality. In conclusion, we report the identification of compounds (7), (12), (15), (23) and (26) with similar trypanocidal activity of benznidazole; compounds (9) and (21) as trypanocidal agents equipotent with BDZ, and compound 14 with potency 28 times better than the reference drug without affecting macrophages and cardiomyoblast viability. Mechanistically, the compounds inhibit cruzain, and 14 induces T. cruzi cell death by an apoptotic process, being considered a good starting point for the development of new anti-Chagas drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gevanio Bezerra de Oliveira Filho
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil; Faculdade de Integração do Sertão - FIS, Rua João Luiz de Melo, 2110, COHAB, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - José Wanderlan Pontes Espíndola
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dayane Albuquerque Oliveira E Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pollyanne Lacerda Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Cássio Santana Meira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, CEP 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia e Terapia Celular, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Lima Leite
- Laboratório de Planejamento em Química Medicinal - LpQM, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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