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Liu F, Zeng M, Zhou X, Huang F, Song Z. Aspergillus fumigatus escape mechanisms from its harsh survival environments. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:53. [PMID: 38175242 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12952-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous pathogenic mold and causes several diseases, including mycotoxicosis, allergic reactions, and systemic diseases (invasive aspergillosis), with high mortality rates. In its ecological niche, the fungus has evolved and mastered many reply strategies to resist and survive against negative threats, including harsh environmental stress and deficiency of essential nutrients from natural environments, immunity responses and drug treatments in host, and competition from symbiotic microorganisms. Hence, treating A. fumigatus infection is a growing challenge. In this review, we summarized A. fumigatus reply strategies and escape mechanisms and clarified the main competitive or symbiotic relationships between A. fumigatus, viruses, bacteria, or fungi in host microecology. Additionally, we discussed the contemporary drug repertoire used to treat A. fumigatus and the latest evidence of potential resistance mechanisms. This review provides valuable knowledge which will stimulate further investigations and clinical applications for treating and preventing A. fumigatus infections. KEY POINTS: • Harsh living environment was a great challenge for A. fumigatus survival. • A. fumigatus has evolved multiple strategies to escape host immune responses. • A. fumigatus withstands antifungal drugs via intrinsic escape mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fujiao Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangyong Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
- Molecular Biotechnology Platform, Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.
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Bhattacharjee A, Bagchi A, Sarkar S, Bawali S, Bhattacharya A, Biswas A. Repurposing approved protein kinase inhibitors as potent anti-leishmanials targeting Leishmania MAP kinases. Life Sci 2024:122844. [PMID: 38897344 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan parasite poses a significant health burden globally. With a very few specific drugs, increased drug resistance it is important to look for drug repurposing along with the identification of pre-clinical candidates against visceral leishmaniasis. This study aims to identify potential drug candidates against visceral leishmaniasis by targeting leishmanial MAP kinases and screening FDA approved protein kinase inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS MAP kinases were identified from the Leishmania genome. 12 FDA approved protein kinase inhibitors were screened against Leishmania MAP kinases. Binding affinity, ADME and toxicity of identified drug candidates were profiled. The anti-proliferative effects and mechanism of action were assessed in Leishmania, including changes in cell morphology, flagellar length, cell cycle progression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and intra-macrophage parasitic burden. KEY FINDINGS 23 MAP kinases were identified from the Leishmania genome. Sorafenib and imatinib emerged as repurposable drug candidates and demonstrated excellent anti-proliferative effects in Leishmania. Treatment with these inhibitors resulted in significant changes in cell morphology, flagellar length, and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, sorafenib and imatinib promoted ROS generation and reduced intra-macrophage parasitic burden, and elicited anti-leishmanial activity in in vivo experimental VL models. SIGNIFICANCE Collectively, these results imply involvement of MAP kinases in infectivity and survival of the parasite and can pave the avenue for repurposing sorafenib and imatinib as anti-leishmanial agents. These findings contribute to the exploration of new treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis, particularly in the context of emerging drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Bhattacharjee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Arka Bagchi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Solanki Sarkar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Sriparna Bawali
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India
| | - Arijit Bhattacharya
- AMR Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Adamas University, Barasat 700126, India.
| | - Arunima Biswas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia 741235, India.
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Bao A, Jiang W, Xie X, Wang D, Deng Z, Wang J, Li W, Tang X, Yan Y. Design, Synthesis, Bioactive Evaluation, and Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Novel 4 H-Pyrano[3,2- c]pyridine Analogues as Potential Sterol 14α-Demethylase (CYP51) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7954-7972. [PMID: 38703119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
To discover potential sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) inhibitors, thirty-four unreported 4H-pyrano[3,2-c]pyridine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The assay results indicated that most compounds displayed significant fungicidal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Colletotrichum lagenarium, Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium digitatum, and Fusarium oxysporum at 16 μg/mL. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of compounds 7a, 7b, and 7f against B. cinerea were 0.326, 0.530, and 0.610, respectively. Namely, they had better antifungal activity than epoxiconazole (EC50 = 0.670 μg/mL). Meanwhile, their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values against CYP51 were 0.377, 0.611, and 0.748 μg/mL, respectively, representing that they also possessed better inhibitory activities than epoxiconazole (IC50 = 0.802 μg/mL). The fluorescent quenching tests of proteins showed that 7a and 7b had similar quenching patterns to epoxiconazole. The molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the binding free energy of 7a and epoxiconazole to CYP51 was -35.4 and -27.6 kcal/mol, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Bao
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Wenjing Jiang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiansong Xie
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Deyuan Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Ziquan Deng
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiaorong Tang
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yingkun Yan
- School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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Pal R, Teli G, Akhtar MJ, Matada GSP. Synthetic product-based approach toward potential antileishmanial drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115927. [PMID: 37976706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease and is categorized as a tropically neglected disease (NTD) with no effective vaccines available. The available chemotherapeutics against leishmaniasis are associated with an increase in the incidence of toxicity and drug resistance. Consequently, targeting metabolic pathways and enzymes of parasites which differs from the mammalian host can be exploited to treat and overcome the resistance. The classical methods of identifying the structural fragments and the moieties responsible for the biological activities from the standard compounds and their modification are options for developing more effective novel compounds. Significant progress has been made in refining the development of potent non-toxic molecules and addressing the limitations of the current treatment available. Several examples of synthetic product-based approach utilizing their core heterocyclic rings including furan, pyrrole, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, quinazoline, quinoline, pyrimidine, coumarin, indole, acridine, oxadiazole, purine, chalcone, carboline, phenanthrene and metal containing derivatives and their structure-activity relationships are discussed in this review. It also analyses the groups/fragments interacting with the host cell receptors and will support the medicinal chemists with novel antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India.
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Siswina T, Rustama MM, Sumiarsa D, Apriyanti E, Dohi H, Kurnia D. Antifungal Constituents of Piper crocatum and Their Activities as Ergosterol Biosynthesis Inhibitors Discovered via In Silico Study Using ADMET and Drug-Likeness Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:7705. [PMID: 38067436 PMCID: PMC10708292 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the increasing resistance of Candida spp. to some antibiotics, it is necessary to find new antifungal drugs, one of which is from the medicinal plant Red Betel (Piper crocatum). The purpose of this research is to isolate antifungal constituents from P. crocatum and evaluate their activities as ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors via an in silico study of ADMET and drug-likeness analysis. Two new active compounds 1 and 2 and a known compound 3 were isolated, and their structures were determined using spectroscopic methods, while their bioactivities were evaluated via in vitro and in silico studies, respectively. Antifungal compound 3 was the most active compared to 1 and 2 with zone inhibition values of 14.5, 11.9, and 13.0 mm, respectively, at a concentration of 10% w/v, together with MIC/MFC at 0.31/1.2% w/v. Further in silico study demonstrated that compound 3 had a stronger ΔG than the positive control and compounds 1 and 2 with -11.14, -12.78, -12.00, and -6.89 Kcal/mol against ERG1, ERG2, ERG11, and ERG24, respectively, and also that 3 had the best Ki with 6.8 × 10-3, 4 × 10-4, 1.6 × 10-3, and 8.88 μM. On the other hand, an ADMET analysis of 1-3 met five parameters, while 1 had one violation of Ro5. Based on the research data, the promising antifungal constituents of P. crocatum allow P. crocatum to be proposed as a new antifungal candidate to treat and cure infections due to C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Siswina
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (T.S.); (D.S.); (E.A.)
- Department of Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak 78124, Indonesia
| | - Mia Miranti Rustama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Dadan Sumiarsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (T.S.); (D.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Eti Apriyanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (T.S.); (D.S.); (E.A.)
| | - Hirofumi Dohi
- Graduate School of Horticulture, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (T.S.); (D.S.); (E.A.)
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Sheikhi N, Bahraminejad M, Saeedi M, Mirfazli SS. A review: FDA-approved fluorine-containing small molecules from 2015 to 2022. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115758. [PMID: 37657268 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine-containing small molecules have occupied a special position in drug discovery research. The successful clinical use of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s led to an ever-increasing number of approved fluorinated compounds over the last 50 years. They have shown various biological properties such as antitumor, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Fluoro-pharmaceuticals have been considered a strong and practical tool in the rational drug design approach due to their benefits from potency and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) points of view. Herein, approved fluorinated drugs from 2015 to 2022 were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sheikhi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Bahraminejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyedeh Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Akosah YA, Kostennikova ZS, Lutfullin MT, Lutfullina GF, Afordoanyi DM, Vologin SG, Mardanova AM. Induced Expression of CYP51a and HK1 Genes Associated with Penconazole and Fludioxonil Resistance in the Potato Pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1257. [PMID: 37317231 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing antifungal resistance development and identifying pathogens with high, medium, and low risk of resistance development to a particular fungicide or fungicide class is crucial in the fight against phytopathogens. We characterized the sensitivity of potato wilt-associated Fusarium oxysporum isolates to fludioxonil and penconazole and assessed the effect of these fungicides on the expression of fungal sterol-14-α-demethylase (CYP51a) and histidine kinase (HK1) genes. Penconazole stunted the growth of F. oxysporum strains at all concentrations used. While all isolates were susceptible to this fungicide, concentrations of up to 1.0 μg/mL were insufficient to cause a 50% inhibition. At low concentrations (0.63 and 1.25 μg/mL), fludioxonil stimulated growth in F. oxysporum. With an increase in the concentration of fludioxonil, only one strain (F. oxysporum S95) exhibited moderate sensitivity to the fungicide. Interaction of F. oxysporum with penconazole and fludioxonil leads to respective elevated expressions of the CYP51a and HK1 genes, which upsurge with increasing concentration of the fungicides. The data obtained indicate that fludioxonil may no longer be suitable for potato protection and its continuous use could only lead to an increased resistance with time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaw A Akosah
- Department of Molecular Pathology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Zarina S Kostennikova
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Marat T Lutfullin
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Guzel F Lutfullina
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Daniel M Afordoanyi
- Department of Agrobiological Research, Tatar Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, FRC Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420059, Russia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology Methods, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420059, Russia
| | - Semyon G Vologin
- Department of Agrochemical and Biochemical Analysis, Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, Kazan Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan 420059, Russia
| | - Ayslu M Mardanova
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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Visbal G, Justo RMS, dos Santos da Silva e Miranda G, Teixeira de Macedo Silva S, de Souza W, Rodrigues JCF, Navarro M. Zinc(II)-Sterol Hydrazone Complex as a Potent Anti-Leishmania Agent: Synthesis, Characterization, and Insight into Its Mechanism of Antiparasitic Action. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041113. [PMID: 37111599 PMCID: PMC10142724 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Searching for new alternatives for treating leishmaniasis, we present the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation against Leishmania amazonensis of the new ZnCl2(H3)2 complex. H3 is 22-hydrazone-imidazoline-2-yl-chol-5-ene-3β-ol, a well-known bioactive molecule functioning as a sterol Δ24-sterol methyl transferase (24-SMT) inhibitor. The ZnCl2(H3)2 complex was characterized by infrared, UV-vis, molar conductance measurements, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR experiments. The biological results showed that the free ligand H3 and ZnCl2(H3)2 significantly inhibited the growth of promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The IC50 values found for H3 and ZnCl2(H3)2 were 5.2 µM and 2.5 µM for promastigotes, and 543 nM and 32 nM for intracellular amastigotes, respectively. Thus, the ZnCl2(H3)2 complex proved to be seventeen times more potent than the free ligand H3 against the intracellular amastigote, the clinically relevant stage. Furthermore, cytotoxicity assays and determination of selectivity index (SI) revealed that ZnCl2(H3)2 (CC50 = 5 μΜ, SI = 156) is more selective than H3 (CC50 = 10 μΜ, SI = 20). Furthermore, as H3 is a specific inhibitor of the 24-SMT, free sterol analysis was performed. The results showed that H3 was not only able to induce depletion of endogenous parasite sterols (episterol and 5-dehydroepisterol) and their replacement by 24-desalkyl sterols (cholesta-5,7,24-trien-3β-ol and cholesta-7,24-dien-3β-ol) but also its zinc derivative resulting in a loss of cell viability. Using electron microscopy, studies on the fine ultrastructure of the parasites showed significant differences between the control cells and parasites treated with H3 and ZnCl2(H3)2. The inhibitors induced membrane wrinkle, mitochondrial injury, and abnormal chromatin condensation changes that are more intense in the cells treated with ZnCl2(H3)2.
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Siswina T, Miranti Rustama M, Sumiarsa D, Kurnia D. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal mechanism action as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Res 2023; 11:1115. [PMID: 37151610 PMCID: PMC10157293.2 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125645.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses or fungal infections are general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review is to describe the antifungal mechanism action from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14a demethylase CYP51. The methods used to search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Flow Diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1.150.000 results searched by database, there is 73 final results article to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol especially lanosterol 14a demethylase (CYP51) inhibition, which is one of the main target sites for antifungal activity because it functions to maintain the integrity and function of cell membranes in Candida. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity through its phytochemical profiling against fungal by inhibiting the lanosterol 14a demethylase, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, and fungal cell lysis.
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Leroux M, Luquain-Costaz C, Lawton P, Azzouz-Maache S, Delton I. Fatty Acid Composition and Metabolism in Leishmania Parasite Species: Potential Biomarkers or Drug Targets for Leishmaniasis? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054702. [PMID: 36902138 PMCID: PMC10003364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids have received growing interest in Leishmania biology with the characterization of the enzymes allowing the complete fatty acid synthesis of this trypanosomatid parasite. This review presents a comparative analysis of the fatty acid profiles of the major classes of lipids and phospholipids in different species of Leishmania with cutaneous or visceral tropism. Specificities relating to the parasite forms, resistance to antileishmanial drugs, and host/parasite interactions are described as well as comparisons with other trypanosomatids. Emphasis is placed on polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolic and functional specificities, in particular, their conversion into oxygenated metabolites that are inflammatory mediators able to modulate metacyclogenesis and parasite infectivity. The impact of lipid status on the development of leishmaniasis and the potential of fatty acids as therapeutic targets or candidates for nutritional interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Leroux
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Céline Luquain-Costaz
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Philippe Lawton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samira Azzouz-Maache
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Delton
- CNRS 5007, LAGEPP, Université of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Department of Biosciences, INSA Lyon, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
- Correspondence:
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Albino SL, da Silva Moura WC, dos Reis MML, Sousa GLS, da Silva PR, de Oliveira MGC, Borges TKDS, Albuquerque LFF, de Almeida SMV, de Lima MDCA, Kuckelhaus SAS, Nascimento IJDS, Junior FJBM, da Silva TG, de Moura RO. ACW-02 an Acridine Triazolidine Derivative Presents Antileishmanial Activity Mediated by DNA Interaction and Immunomodulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:204. [PMID: 37259353 PMCID: PMC9967605 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study proposed the synthesis of a novel acridine derivative not yet described in the literature, chemical characterization by NMR, MS, and IR, followed by investigations of its antileishmanial potential. In vitro assays were performed to assess its antileishmanial activity against L. amazonensis strains and cytotoxicity against macrophages through MTT assay and annexin V-FITC/PI, and the ability to perform an immunomodulatory action using CBA. To investigate possible molecular targets, its interaction with DNA in vitro and in silico targets were evaluated. As results, the compound showed good antileishmanial activity, with IC50 of 6.57 (amastigotes) and 94.97 (promastigotes) µg mL-1, associated with non-cytotoxicity to macrophages (CC50 > 256.00 µg mL-1). When assessed by flow cytometry, 99.8% of macrophages remained viable. The compound induced an antileishmanial effect in infected macrophages and altered TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 expression, suggesting a slight immunomodulatory activity. DNA assay showed an interaction with the minor grooves due to the hyperchromic effect of 47.53% and Kb 1.17 × 106 M-1, and was sustained by docking studies. Molecular dynamics simulations and MM-PBSA calculations propose cysteine protease B as a possible target. Therefore, this study demonstrates that the new compound is a promising molecule and contributes as a model for future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaly Lima Albino
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Inovação Terapêutica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Willian Charles da Silva Moura
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Malu Maria Lucas dos Reis
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Gleyton Leonel Silva Sousa
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Pablo Rayff da Silva
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Produtos Naturais, Sintéticos e Bioativos, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana Karla dos Santos Borges
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Fraga Friaça Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular, Área de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Laboratório de Química e Inovação Terapêutica, Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Selma Aparecida Souza Kuckelhaus
- Área de Morfologia, Faculdade de Medicina—UnB, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro/Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Igor José dos Santos Nascimento
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento e Síntese de Fármacos, Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Brazil
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12
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Baldissera FG, Fazolo T, da Silva MB, de Santana Filho PC, da Silva VD, Rivillo Perez DM, Klitzke JS, de Oliveira Soares EG, Rodrigues Júnior LC, Peres A, Dallegrave E, Navegantes-Lima KC, Monteiro MC, Schrekker HS, Torres Romão PR. Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1096312. [PMID: 36733394 PMCID: PMC9886892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h - C10MImMeS (IC50 L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50 L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50 L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50 L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Giesel Baldissera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fazolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brasil da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Santana Filho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Demétrio da Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Max Rivillo Perez
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice Sandra Klitzke
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Giovanni de Oliveira Soares
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kely Campos Navegantes-Lima
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence: Henri Stephan Schrekker, ; Marta Chagas Monteiro,
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence: Henri Stephan Schrekker, ; Marta Chagas Monteiro,
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Vala D, Vala RM, Patel HM. Versatile Synthetic Platform for 1,2,3-Triazole Chemistry. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:36945-36987. [PMID: 36312377 PMCID: PMC9608397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole scaffolds are not obtained in nature, but they are still intensely investigated by synthetic chemists in various fields due to their excellent properties and green synthetic routes. This review will provide a library of all synthetic routes used in the past 21 years to synthesize 1,2,3-triazoles and their derivatives using various metal catalysts (such as Cu, Ni, Ru, Ir, Rh, Pd, Au, Ag, Zn, and Sm), organocatalysts, metal-free as well as solvent- and catalyst-free neat syntheses, along with their mechanistic cycles, recyclability studies, solvent systems, and reaction condition effects on regioselectivity. Constant developments indicate that 1,2,3-triazoles will help lead to future organic synthesis and are useful for creating molecular libraries of various functionalized 1,2,3-triazoles.
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Alpizar-Sosa EA, Ithnin NRB, Wei W, Pountain AW, Weidt SK, Donachie AM, Ritchie R, Dickie EA, Burchmore RJS, Denny PW, Barrett MP. Amphotericin B resistance in Leishmania mexicana: Alterations to sterol metabolism and oxidative stress response. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010779. [PMID: 36170238 PMCID: PMC9581426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphotericin B is increasingly used in treatment of leishmaniasis. Here, fourteen independent lines of Leishmania mexicana and one L. infantum line were selected for resistance to either amphotericin B or the related polyene antimicrobial, nystatin. Sterol profiling revealed that, in each resistant line, the predominant wild-type sterol, ergosta-5,7,24-trienol, was replaced by other sterol intermediates. Broadly, two different profiles emerged among the resistant lines. Whole genome sequencing then showed that these distinct profiles were due either to mutations in the sterol methyl transferase (C24SMT) gene locus or the sterol C5 desaturase (C5DS) gene. In three lines an additional deletion of the miltefosine transporter gene was found. Differences in sensitivity to amphotericin B were apparent, depending on whether cells were grown in HOMEM, supplemented with foetal bovine serum, or a serum free defined medium (DM). Metabolomic analysis after exposure to AmB showed that a large increase in glucose flux via the pentose phosphate pathway preceded cell death in cells sustained in HOMEM but not DM, indicating the oxidative stress was more significantly induced under HOMEM conditions. Several of the lines were tested for their ability to infect macrophages and replicate as amastigote forms, alongside their ability to establish infections in mice. While several AmB resistant lines showed reduced virulence, at least two lines displayed heightened virulence in mice whilst retaining their resistance phenotype, emphasising the risks of resistance emerging to this critical drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edubiel A. Alpizar-Sosa
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Nur Raihana Binti Ithnin
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew W. Pountain
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute for Computational Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Stefan K. Weidt
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anne M. Donachie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Ritchie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Emily A. Dickie
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. S. Burchmore
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W. Denny
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P. Barrett
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Glasgow Polyomics, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Bearsden, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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15
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Siswina T, Miranti Rustama M, Sumiarsa D, Kurnia D. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal mechanism action as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Res 2022; 11:1115. [PMID: 37151610 PMCID: PMC10157293 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125645.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoses or fungal infections are a general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review is to describe the antifungal mechanism action from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14a demethylase CYP51. The methods used to search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) Flow Diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1.150.000 results searched by database, there is 73 final results article to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol, especially lanosterol 14a demethylase (CYP51) inhibition, which is one of the main target sites for antifungal activity because it functions to maintain the integrity and function of cell membranes in Candida. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity through its phytochemical profiling against fungal by inhibiting the lanosterol 14a demethylase, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, and fungal cell lysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Siswina
- Midwifery, Poltekkes Kemenkes Pontianak, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, 78124, Indonesia
- Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
| | | | - Dadan Sumiarsa
- Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dikdik Kurnia
- Chemistry, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, Jawa Barat, 45363, Indonesia
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16
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Siswina T, Miranti Rustama M, Sumiarsa D, Kurnia D. Phytochemical profiling of Piper crocatum and its antifungal activity as Lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibitor: a review. F1000Res 2022; 11:1115. [PMID: 37151610 PMCID: PMC10157293 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.125645.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoses or fungal infections are a general health problem that often occurs in healthy and immunocompromised people in the community. The development of resistant strains in Fungi and the incidence of azole antibiotic resistance in the Asia Pacific which reached 83% become a critical problem nowadays. To control fungal infections, substances and extracts isolated from natural resources, especially in the form of plants as the main sources of drug molecules today, are needed. Especially from Piperaceae, which have long been used in India, China, and Korea to treat human ailments in traditional medicine. The purpose of this review was to describe antifungal activity from Piper crocatum and its phytochemical profiling against lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51. The methods used search databases from Google Scholar to find the appropriate databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) flow diagram as a clinical information retrieval method. From 1,150,000 results search by database, there were 73 selected articles to review. The review shows that P. crocatum contains flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, polyphenols, eugenol, alkaloids, quinones, chavibetol acetate, glycosides, triterpenoids or steroids, hydroxychavikol, phenolics, glucosides, isoprenoids, and non-protein amino acids. Its antifungal mechanisms in fungal cells occur due to ergosterol especially lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase CYP51 inhibition as a result of 5,6 desaturase (ERG3) downregulation. P. crocatum has an antifungal activity by its phytochemical profiling that act against fungi by inhibiting the fungal cytochrome P 450 pathway, make damaging cell membranes, fungal growth inhibition, morphological changes, and fungal cell lysis.
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17
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Emami S, Ahmadi R, Ahadi H, Ashooriha M. Diverse therapeutic potential of 3-hydroxy-4-pyranones and related compounds as kojic acid analogs. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02954-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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18
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Xu Y, Shen Y, Du C, Liu L, Wu H, Ji Q. Spiro[benzoxazine-piperidin]-one derivatives as chitin synthase inhibitors and antifungal agents: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Jain S, Sahu U, Kumar A, Khare P. Metabolic Pathways of Leishmania Parasite: Source of Pertinent Drug Targets and Potent Drug Candidates. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081590. [PMID: 36015216 PMCID: PMC9416627 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a tropical disease caused by a protozoan parasite Leishmania that is transmitted via infected female sandflies. At present, leishmaniasis treatment mainly counts on chemotherapy. The currently available drugs against leishmaniasis are costly, toxic, with multiple side effects, and limitations in the administration route. The rapid emergence of drug resistance has severely reduced the potency of anti-leishmanial drugs. As a result, there is a pressing need for the development of novel anti-leishmanial drugs with high potency, low cost, acceptable toxicity, and good pharmacokinetics features. Due to the availability of preclinical data, drug repurposing is a valuable approach for speeding up the development of effective anti-leishmanial through pointing to new drug targets in less time, having low costs and risk. Metabolic pathways of this parasite play a crucial role in the growth and proliferation of Leishmania species during the various stages of their life cycle. Based on available genomics/proteomics information, known pathways-based (sterol biosynthetic pathway, purine salvage pathway, glycolysis, GPI biosynthesis, hypusine, polyamine biosynthesis) Leishmania-specific proteins could be targeted with known drugs that were used in other diseases, resulting in finding new promising anti-leishmanial therapeutics. The present review discusses various metabolic pathways of the Leishmania parasite and some drug candidates targeting these pathways effectively that could be potent drugs against leishmaniasis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Jain
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.J.); (U.S.)
| | - Utkarsha Sahu
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.J.); (U.S.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology, Absolute Foods, Plot 68, Sector 44, Gurugram 122003, Haryana, India
| | - Awanish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
- Correspondence: or (A.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Prashant Khare
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal 462026, Madhya Pradesh, India; (S.J.); (U.S.)
- Division of Synthetic Biology, Absolute Foods, Plot 68, Sector 44, Gurugram 122003, Haryana, India
- Correspondence: or (A.K.); (P.K.)
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20
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Dadashpour S, Ghobadi E, Emami S. Chemical and biological aspects of posaconazole as a classic antifungal agent with non-classical properties: highlighting a tetrahydrofuran-based drug toward generation of new drugs. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Pedra-Rezende Y, Macedo IS, Midlej V, Mariante RM, Menna-Barreto RFS. Different Drugs, Same End: Ultrastructural Hallmarks of Autophagy in Pathogenic Protozoa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856686. [PMID: 35422792 PMCID: PMC9002357 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites interact with a wide variety of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans, representing one of the most common causes of parasitic diseases and an important public health problem affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. The current treatment for these parasitic diseases remains unsatisfactory and, in some cases, very limited. Treatment limitations together with the increased resistance of the pathogens represent a challenge for the improvement of the patient’s quality of life. The continuous search for alternative preclinical drugs is mandatory, but the mechanisms of action of several of these compounds have not been described. Electron microscopy is a powerful tool for the identification of drug targets in almost all cellular models. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis showed that several classes of antiparasitic compounds induced similar autophagic phenotypes in trypanosomatids, trichomonadids, and apicomplexan parasites as well as in Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba spp. with the presence of an increased number of autophagosomes as well as remarkable endoplasmic reticulum profiles surrounding different organelles. Autophagy is a physiological process of eukaryotes that maintains homeostasis by the self-digestion of nonfunctional organelles and/or macromolecules, limiting redundant and damaged cellular components. Here, we focus on protozoan autophagy to subvert drug effects, discussing its importance for successful chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Pedra-Rezende
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabela S Macedo
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Mariante
- Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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22
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Liu L, Wang H, Lin L, Gao Y, Niu X. Mulberrin inhibits Botrytis cinerea for strawberry storage by interfering with the bioactivity of 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Food Funct 2022; 13:4032-4046. [PMID: 35315482 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00295g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Currently, chemical agents hold great promise in preventing and combating Botrytis cinerea. However, the antifungal mechanism of some agents for B. cinerea remains rather vague, imposing restrictions on the research and development of novel antifungal inhibitors. In this work, we discovered that mulberrin (MBN), a natural compound from the root bark of Ramulus Mori, with an IC50 of 1.38 μM together, demonstrated marked anti-14α-demethylase (CYP51) activity through high throughput virtual screening and in vitro bioactivity assay. The computational biology results demonstrated that MBN and its derivatives were bound to the catalytic activity region of CYP51, but only MBN could form a strong π-cation interaction with the Fe ion of heme in CYP51 via the 2-methylpent-2-ene moiety at atom C9. MBN had a stronger binding free energy than the other three compounds with CYP51, implying that the 2-methylpent-2-ene moiety at atom C9 is a critical pharmacophore for CYP51 inhibitors. Subsequently, through an antifungal test, MBN demonstrated excellent anti-B. cinerea activity by inhibiting CYP51 activity. The EC50 values of MBN toward hyphal growth and spore germination in B. cinerea were 17.27 and 9.56 μg mL-1, respectively. The bioactivity loss of CYP51 by direct interaction with MBN induced the increase of cell membrane permeability, membrane destruction, and cell death. Meanwhile, in the B. cinerea infection model, MBN significantly prolonged the preservation of strawberries by preventing B. cinerea from infecting strawberries and could be used as a potential natural preserving agent for storing fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Hongsu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Li Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yawen Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xiaodi Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Dinç M, Yalçın T, Çavuş İ, Özbilgin A. Comparative proteomic analysis of Leishmania parasites isolated from visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. Parasitology 2022; 149:298-305. [PMID: 34758895 PMCID: PMC11010476 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease in which different clinical manifestations are classified into three primary forms: visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous. These disease forms are associated with parasite species of the protozoan genus Leishmania. For instance, Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tropica are typically linked with visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis, respectively; however, these two species can also cause other form to a lesser extent. What is more alarming is this characteristic, which threatens current medical diagnosis and treatment, is started to be acquired by other species. Our purpose was to address this issue; therefore, gel-based and gel-free proteomic analyses were carried out on the species L. infantum to determine the proteins differentiating between the parasites caused VL and CL. In addition, L. tropica parasites representing the typical cases for CL were included. According to our results, electrophoresis gels of parasites caused to VL were distinguishable regarding the repetitive down-regulation on some specific locations. In addition, a distinct spot of an antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase, was shown up only on the gels of CL samples regardless of the species. In the gel-free approach, 37 proteins that were verified with a second database search using a different search engine, were recognized from the comparison between VL and CL samples. Among them, 31 proteins for the CL group and six proteins for the VL group were determined differentially abundant. Two proteins from the gel-based analysis, pyruvate kinase and succinyl-coA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase analysis were encountered in the protein list of the CL group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Dinç
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Integrated Research Centers, National Mass Spectrometry Application and Research Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Talat Yalçın
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Çavuş
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özbilgin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Yin W, Cui H, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wu T, Sun Y, Zhao L, Su X, Zhao D, Cheng M. Broadening antifungal spectrum and improving metabolic stablity based on a scaffold strategy: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole derivatives as potent fungistatic and fungicidal reagents. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113955. [PMID: 34749201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
5-phenylthiophene derivatives exhibited excellent antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Cryptococcus neoformans. However, optimal compound 7 was inactive against Aspergillus fumigatus and unstable in human liver microsomes in vitro with a half-life of 18.6 min. To discover antifungal agents with a broad spectrum and improve the metabolic properties of the compounds, the scaffold hopping strategy was adopted and a series of 4-phenyl-4,5-dihydrooxazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. It was especially encouraging that compound 22a displayed significant antifungal activities against eight susceptible strains and seven FLC-resistant strains. Furthermore, the potent compound 22a could prevent the formation of fungalbiofilms and displayed satisfactory fungicidal activity. In addition, the metabolic stability of compound 22a was improved significantly, with the half-life of 70.5 min. Compound 22a was almost nontoxic to mammalian A549, MCF-7, HepG2, and 293T cells. Moreover, pharmacokinetic studies in SD rats showed that compound 22a exhibited pharmacokinetic properties with a bioavailability of 15.22% and a half-life of 4.44 h, indicating that compound 22a is worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hengxian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Liyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Xin Su
- The School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Guengerich FP. Roles of cytochrome P450 enzymes in pharmacology and toxicology: Past, present, and future. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2022; 95:1-47. [PMID: 35953152 PMCID: PMC9869358 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The development of the cytochrome P450 (P450) field has been remarkable in the areas of pharmacology and toxicology, particularly in drug development. Today it is possible to use the knowledge base and relatively straightforward assays to make intelligent predictions about drug disposition prior to human dosing. Much is known about the structures, regulation, chemistry of catalysis, and the substrate and inhibitor specificity of human P450s. Many aspects of drug-drug interactions and side effects can be understood in terms of P450s. This knowledge has also been useful in pharmacy practice, as well as in the pharmaceutical industry and medical practice. However, there are still basic and practical questions to address regarding P450s and their roles in pharmacology and toxicology. Another aspect is the discovery of drugs that inhibit P450 to treat diseases.
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Ghobadi E, Saednia S, Emami S. Synthetic approaches and structural diversity of triazolylbutanols derived from voriconazole in the antifungal drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sakyi PO, Amewu RK, Devine RNOA, Bienibuor AK, Miller WA, Kwofie SK. Unravelling the myth surrounding sterol biosynthesis as plausible target for drug design against leishmaniasis. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:1152-1171. [PMID: 34790000 PMCID: PMC8556451 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mortality rate of leishmaniasis is increasing at an alarming rate and is currently second to malaria amongst the other neglected tropical diseases. Unfortunately, many governments and key stakeholders are not investing enough in the development of new therapeutic interventions. The available treatment options targeting different pathways of the parasite have seen inefficiencies, drug resistance, and toxic side effects coupled with longer treatment durations. Numerous studies to understand the biochemistry of leishmaniasis and its pathogenesis have identified druggable targets including ornithine decarboxylase, trypanothione reductase, and pteridine reductase, which are relevant for the survival and growth of the parasites. Another plausible target is the sterol biosynthetic pathway; however, this has not been fully investigated. Sterol biosynthesis is essential for the survival of the Leishmania species because its inhibition could lead to the death of the parasites. This review seeks to evaluate how critical the enzymes involved in sterol biosynthetic pathway are to the survival of the leishmania parasite. The review also highlights both synthetic and natural product compounds with their IC50 values against selected enzymes. Finally, recent advancements in drug design strategies targeting the sterol biosynthesis pathway of Leishmania are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Sakyi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Richard K. Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert N. O. A. Devine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Alfred K. Bienibuor
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, IL 19104 USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Sakyi PO, Amewu RK, Devine RNOA, Ismaila E, Miller WA, Kwofie SK. The Search for Putative Hits in Combating Leishmaniasis: The Contributions of Natural Products Over the Last Decade. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:489-544. [PMID: 34260050 PMCID: PMC8279035 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite advancements in the areas of omics and chemoinformatics, potent novel biotherapeutic molecules with new modes of actions are needed for leishmaniasis. The socioeconomic burden of leishmaniasis remains alarming in endemic regions. Currently, reports from existing endemic areas such as Nepal, Iran, Brazil, India, Sudan and Afghanistan, as well as newly affected countries such as Peru, Bolivia and Somalia indicate concerns of chemoresistance to the classical antimonial treatment. As a result, effective antileishmanial agents which are safe and affordable are urgently needed. Natural products from both flora and fauna have contributed immensely to chemotherapeutics and serve as vital sources of new chemical agents. This review focuses on a systematic cross-sectional view of all characterized anti-leishmanial compounds from natural sources over the last decade. Furthermore, IC50/EC50, cytotoxicity and suggested mechanisms of action of some of these natural products are provided. The natural product classification includes alkaloids, terpenes, terpenoids, and phenolics. The plethora of reported mechanisms involve calcium channel inhibition, immunomodulation and apoptosis. Making available enriched data pertaining to bioactivity and mechanisms of natural products complement current efforts geared towards unraveling potent leishmanicides of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Sakyi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. BOX LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Richard K. Amewu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P. O. BOX LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Robert N. O. A. Devine
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Emahi Ismaila
- Department of Chemical Sciences, School of Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Box 214, Sunyani, Ghana
| | - Whelton A. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL 60153 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Samuel K. Kwofie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, College of Basic & Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, PMB LG 77, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 54, Accra, Ghana
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29
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Almeida FS, Sousa GLS, Rocha JC, Ribeiro FF, de Oliveira MR, de Lima Grisi TCS, Araújo DAM, de C Nobre MS, Castro RN, Amaral IPG, Keesen TSL, de Moura RO. In vitro anti-Leishmania activity and molecular docking of spiro-acridine compounds as potential multitarget agents against Leishmania infantum. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 49:128289. [PMID: 34311084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease with several limitations regarding treatment schemes. This work reports the anti-Leishmania activity of spiroacridine compounds against the promastigote (IC50 = 1.1 to 6.0 µg / mL) and amastigote forms of the best compounds (EC50 = 4.9 and 0.9 µg / mL) inLeishmania (L.) infantumand proposes an in-silico study with possible selective therapeutic targets for L. infantum. The substituted dimethyl-amine compound (AMTAC 11) showed the best leishmanicidal activity in vitro, and was found to interact with TryRandLdTopoI. comparisons with standard inhibitors were performed, and its main interactions were elucidated. Based on the biological assessment and the structure-activity relationship study, the spiroacridine compounds appear to be promisinganti-leishmaniachemotherapeutic agents to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda S Almeida
- Programa de Doutorado em Biotecnologia, Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Infeciosas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Gleyton L S Sousa
- Programa de Doutorado em Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Rocha
- Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Infeciosas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Frederico F Ribeiro
- Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Joao Pessoa, Paraíba CEP 58059-900, Brazil
| | | | - Demetrius A M Araújo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S de C Nobre
- Programa de Doutorado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Rosane N Castro
- Programa de Doutorado em Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ 23897-000, Brazil
| | - Ian P G Amaral
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil
| | - Tatjana S L Keesen
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58059-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Imunologia das Doenças Infeciosas, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil.
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Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel 5-phenylthiophene derivatives as potent fungicidal of Candida albicans and antifungal reagents of fluconazole-resistant fungi. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113740. [PMID: 34388384 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of 5-phenylthiophene derivatives with novel structures were designed and synthesized to combat the increasing incidence of susceptible and drug-resistant fungal infections. The antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed against seven susceptible strains and six fluconazole-resistant strains. It is especially encouraging that compounds 17b and 17f displayed significant antifungal activities against all tested strains. Furthermore, the potent compounds 17b and 17f could prevent the formation of fungi biofilms and 17f displayed satisfactory fungicidal activity. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that the potent antifungal activity of compound 17f stemmed from inhibition of C. albicans CYP51. In addition, Compounds 17b and 17f were almost nontoxic to mammalian A549, MCF-7, and THLE-2 cells. These results strongly suggested that compounds 17b and 17f are promising as novel antifungal drugs.
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Improving the metabolic stability of antifungal compounds based on a scaffold hopping strategy: Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of dihydrooxazole derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113715. [PMID: 34364163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
l-amino alcohol derivatives exhibited high antifungal activity, but the metabolic stability of human liver microsomes in vitro was poor, and the half-life of optimal compound 5 was less than 5 min. To improve the metabolic properties of the compounds, the scaffold hopping strategy was adopted and a series of antifungal compounds with a dihydrooxazole scaffold was designed and synthesized. Compounds A33-A38 substituted with 4-phenyl group on dihydrooxazole ring exhibited excellent antifungal activities against C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei, with MIC values in the range of 0.03-0.25 μg/mL. In addition, the metabolic stability of compounds A33 and A34 in human liver microsomes in vitro was improved significantly, with the half-life greater than 145 min and the half-life of 59.1 min, respectively. Moreover, pharmacokinetic studies in SD rats showed that A33 exhibited favourable pharmacokinetic properties, with a bioavailability of 77.69%, and half-life (intravenous administration) of 9.35 h, indicating that A33 is worthy of further study.
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Abdelhameed A, Feng M, Joice AC, Zywot EM, Jin Y, La Rosa C, Liao X, Meeds HL, Kim Y, Li J, McElroy CA, Wang MZ, Werbovetz KA. Synthesis and Antileishmanial Evaluation of Arylimidamide-Azole Hybrids Containing a Phenoxyalkyl Linker. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1901-1922. [PMID: 33538576 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Due to the limitations of existing medications, there is a critical need for new drugs to treat visceral leishmaniasis. Since arylimidamides and antifungal azoles both show oral activity in murine visceral leishmaniasis models, a molecular hybridization approach was employed where arylimidamide and azole groups were separated by phenoxyalkyl linkers in an attempt to capitalize on the favorable antileishmanial properties of both series. Among the target compounds synthesized, a greater antileishmanial potency against intracellular Leishmania donovani was observed as the linker length increased from two to eight carbons and when an imidazole ring was employed as the terminal group compared to a 1,2,4-triazole group. Compound 24c (N-(4-((8-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)octyl)oxy)-2-isopropoxyphenyl) picolinimidamide) displayed activity against L. donovani intracellular amastigotes with an IC50 value of 0.53 μM. When tested in a murine visceral leishmaniasis model, compound 24c at a dose of 75 mg/kg/day p.o. for five consecutive days resulted in a modest 33% decrease in liver parasitemia compared to the control group, indicating that further optimization of these molecules is needed. While potent hybrid compounds bearing an imidazole terminal group were also strong inhibitors of recombinant CYP51 from L. donovani, as assessed by a fluorescence-based assay, additional targets are likely to play an important role in the antileishmanial action of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdelhameed
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Mei Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - April C. Joice
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Emilia M. Zywot
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yiru Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Chris La Rosa
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Heidi L. Meeds
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yena Kim
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Junan Li
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Craig A. McElroy
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Michael Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Karl A. Werbovetz
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Drug repurposing strategies in the development of potential antifungal agents. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:5259-5279. [PMID: 34151414 PMCID: PMC8214983 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The morbidity and mortality caused by invasive fungal infections are increasing across the globe due to developments in transplant surgery, the use of immunosuppressive agents, and the emergence of drug-resistant fungal strains, which has led to a challenge in terms of treatment due to the limitations of three classes of drugs. Hence, it is imperative to establish effective strategies to identify and design new antifungal drugs. Drug repurposing is a potential way of expanding the application of existing drugs. Recently, various existing drugs have been shown to be useful in the prevention and treatment of invasive fungi. In this review, we summarize the currently used antifungal agents. In addition, the most up-to-date information on the effectiveness of existing drugs with antifungal activity is discussed. Moreover, the antifungal mechanisms of existing drugs are highlighted. These data will provide valuable knowledge to stimulate further investigation and clinical application in this field. Key points • Conventional antifungal agents have limitations due to the occurrence of drug-resistant strains. • Non-antifungal drugs act as antifungal agents in various ways toward different targets. • Non-antifungal drugs with antifungal activity are demonstrated as effective antifungal strategies.
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Petrou A, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazole Ring-A Biologically Active Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:3166. [PMID: 34070661 PMCID: PMC8198555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. OBJECTIVE To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. RESULTS Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.F.)
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35
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Dos Santos Porto D, Bajerski L, Donadel Malesuik M, Soldateli Paim C. A Review of Characteristics, Properties, Application of Nanocarriers and Analytical Methods of Luliconazole. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1930-1937. [PMID: 34011234 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1926219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Luliconazole is an imidazole agent, used for the treatment of fungi infection, especially dermatophytes. The mechanism of action of the drug consisting in inhibits sterol 14α-demethylase which interferes with ergosterol biosynthesis. Due to low aqueous solubility and highly lipophilic, there is a need to develop drug delivery systems (nanocarriers) capable to increase the solubility, permeability, and skin retention of luliconazole, and promote a better therapeutic effect. In this context, this review presents characteristics, properties, nanocarriers, and analytical methods used for luliconazole. From the analyzed studies, the majority reports the use of RP-HPLC techniques for luliconazole determination, but also are cited spectrophotometric UV methods. The luliconazole has been qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed in different matrices, such as raw material and pharmaceutical formulations, however, in this review, only one study was found with the luliconazole quantification biological matrix, demonstrating the lack of studies related to the quantification of the drug in biological matrices. The drug quantification in different matrices by analytical methods is of great importance since they assist in the control of the quality, efficacy, and safety of the medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Dos Santos Porto
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| | - Lisiane Bajerski
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| | - Marcelo Donadel Malesuik
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
| | - Clésio Soldateli Paim
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Desenvolvimento e Controle de Qualidade; Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Curso de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA - Campus Uruguaiana-RS), Uruguaiana (RS), Brasil
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36
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Radchenko DS, Naumchyk VS, Dziuba I, Kyrylchuk AA, Gubina KE, Moroz YS, Grygorenko OO. One-pot parallel synthesis of 1,3,5-trisubstituted 1,2,4-triazoles. Mol Divers 2021; 26:993-1004. [PMID: 33797670 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10218-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An implementation of the three-component one-pot approach to unsymmetrical 1,3,5-trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles into combinatorial chemistry is described. The procedure is based on the coupling of amidines with carboxylic acids and subsequent cyclization with hydrazines. After the preliminary assessment of the reagent scope, the method had 81% success rate in parallel synthesis. It was shown that over a billion-sized chemical space of readily accessible ("REAL") compounds may be generated based on the proposed methodology. Analysis of physicochemical parameters shows that the library contains significant fractions of both drug-like and "beyond-rule-of-five" members. More than 10 million of accessible compounds meet the strictest lead-likeness criteria. Additionally, 195 Mln of sp3-enriched compounds can be produced. This makes the proposed approach a valuable tool in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro S Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | | | - Igor Dziuba
- Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Andrii A Kyrylchuk
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Murmanska Street 5, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna E Gubina
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yurii S Moroz
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.,Chemspace, Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr O Grygorenko
- Enamine Ltd., Chervonotkatska Street 78, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine. .,Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street 60, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine.
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37
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Arraché Gonçalves G, Eifler-Lima VL, von Poser GL. Revisiting nature: a review of iridoids as a potential antileishmanial class. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2021; 21:101-126. [PMID: 33746658 PMCID: PMC7960493 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-021-09750-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis still stands as one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases in the least developed and emerging countries. The recommended therapeutic arsenal to treat leishmaniasis is characterized by several shortcomings, and resistance has already been reported. Hence, this dramatic background highlights the pressing need to develop novel, affordable, and safe antileishmanial drugs. Multiple classes of natural compounds have been reported to possess antileishmanial activity. Among these classes, iridoids stand out as a special type of monoterpenoids with diverse biological properties-including their antileishmanial potential. This review aims to discuss the available literature between 1991 and 2020 related to the antileishmanial activity of the iridoid class. Throughout the past decades, various investigations attributed antileishmanial action to assorted iridoid types, including inhibitory potential towards validated drug targets and immunomodulatory activity. The latter deserves special attention due to the ability of some iridoids to improve the host's immune response against parasites. It opens the possibility of iridoids become adjuncts in leishmaniasis treatments by improving the efficacy of currently employed drugs. Furthermore, the present study intends to provide a convenient visual representation of which iridoids and Leishmania spp. species have been most investigated as a guide for further researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Arraché Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Eifler-Lima
- Laboratório de Síntese Orgânica Medicinal (LaSOM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90610-000 Brazil
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38
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Sánchez-Suárez J, Bernal FA, Coy-Barrera E. Colombian Contributions Fighting Leishmaniasis: A Systematic Review on Antileishmanials Combined with Chemoinformatics Analysis. Molecules 2020; 25:E5704. [PMID: 33287235 PMCID: PMC7730898 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic morbid/fatal disease caused by Leishmania protozoa. Twelve million people worldwide are appraised to be currently infected, including ca. two million infections each year, and 350 million people in 88 countries are at risk of becoming infected. In Colombia, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a public health problem in some tropical areas. Therapeutics is based on traditional antileishmanial drugs, but this practice has several drawbacks for patients. Thus, the search for new antileishmanial agents is a serious need, but the lack of adequately funded research programs on drug discovery has hampered its progress. Some Colombian researchers have conducted different research projects focused on the assessment of the antileishmanial activity of naturally occurring and synthetic compounds against promastigotes and/or amastigotes. Results of such studies have separately demonstrated important hits and reasonable potential, but a holistic view of them is lacking. Hence, we present the outcome from a systematic review of the literature (under PRISMA guidelines) on those Colombian studies investigating antileishmanials during the last thirty-two years. In order to combine the general efforts aiming at finding a lead against Leishmania panamensis (one of the most studied and incident parasites in Colombia causing CL) and to recognize structural features of representative compounds, fingerprint-based analyses using conventional machine learning algorithms and clustering methods are shown. Abstraction from such a meta-description led to describe some function-determining molecular features and simplify the clustering of plausible isofunctional hits. This systematic review indicated that the Colombian efforts for the antileishmanials discovery are increasingly intensified, though improvements in the followed pathways must be definitively pursued. In this context, a brief discussion about scope, strengths and limitations of such advances and relationships is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeysson Sánchez-Suárez
- Bioprospecting Research Group, School of Engineering, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía 250001, Colombia;
| | - Freddy A. Bernal
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
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39
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Holanda VN, Silva WVD, Nascimento PHD, Silva SRB, Cabral Filho PE, Assis SPDO, Silva CAD, Oliveira RND, Figueiredo RCBQD, Lima VLDM. Antileishmanial activity of 4-phenyl-1-[2-(phthalimido-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole (PT4) derivative on Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis: In silico ADMET, in vitro activity, docking and molecular dynamic simulations. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104437. [PMID: 33339081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic compounds obtained by click chemistry reactions have demonstrated a broad spectrum of biological activities being widely applied for the development of molecules against pathogens of medical and veterinary importance. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), caused by intracellular protozoa parasite of genus Leishmania, comprises a complex of clinical manifestations that affect the skin and mucous membranes. The available drugs for the treatment are toxic and costly, with long periods of treatment, and the emergence of resistant strains has been reported. In this study we investigated the in vitro effects of a phthalimide-1,2,3-triazole derivative, the 4-Phenyl-1-[2-(phthalimido-2-yl)ethyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazole (PT4) obtained by click chemistry, on mammalian cells and on L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis, the causative agents of CL in Brazil. In silico ADMET evaluation of PT4 showed that this molecule has good pharmacokinetic properties with no violation of Lipinski's rules. The in vitro assays showed that PT4 was more selective for both Leishmania species than to mammalian cells. This compound also presented low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells with CC50 > 500 μM. Treatment of promastigote forms with different concentrations of PT4 resulted in ultrastructural alterations, such as plasma membrane wrinkling, shortening of cell body, increased cell volume and cell rupture. The molecular dynamic simulations showed that PT4 interacts with Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase from Leishmania, an essential enzyme of lipid synthesis pathway in this parasite. Our results demonstrated PT4 was effective against both species of Leishmania. PT4 caused a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased production of reactive oxygen species, which may lead to parasite death. Taken together, our results pointed PT4 as promissing therapeutic agent against CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlan Nogueira Holanda
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Welson Vicente da Silva
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique do Nascimento
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Ruschi Bergamachi Silva
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Nascimento de Castro, 2155 - Morro Branco, 59056-450 Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Paulo Euzébio Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Shalom Porto de Oliveira Assis
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Ambientais e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, Rua do Príncipe, 526, 50050-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - César Augusto da Silva
- Colegiado de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Avenida José de Sá Maniçoba, s/n - Campus Universitário, 56304-205 Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Nascimento de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Regina Celia Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Patógenos, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia de Menezes Lima
- Laboratório de Lipídios e Aplicação de Biomoléculas em Doenças Prevalentes e Negligenciadas. Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, 1235, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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40
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Fakhree AA, Ghasemi Z, Rahimi M, Shahrisa A. Enhanced catalytic performance of copper iodide in 1,2,3‐triazole‐imidazole hybrid synthesis, and evaluation of their anti‐cancer activities along with optical properties besides 1H‐tetrazole‐imidazole hybrids. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zarrin Ghasemi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
| | - Mahdi Rahimi
- Drug Applied Research CenterTabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Aziz Shahrisa
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz Tabriz Iran
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41
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Rezaei Z, Sarkari B, Khabnadideh S, Farjami M, Mehrjou M, Yazdi A, Riazimontazer E, Fararouei M. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Aminothiazole Derivatives as Antileishmanial Agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2211352517666190527112955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Leishmaniasis is a major health problem which is caused by the protozoan
parasite of the genus Leishmania. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is one type of leishmaniasis and selflimited
in most of the cases. However, when the lesions come with scars, they make a deep lifelong
stigma. Despite being WHO's research priority, the optimum treatment for this disease has not
been found yet. The current study aimed to synthesize and assess the activity of some new aminothiazole
compounds against Leishmania major-induced cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice.
Methods:
Eight new aminothiazole derivatives were synthesized and their chemical structures
were characterized by spectral data 1H-NMR spectroscopy, Mass spectrophotometry and elemental
analysis. L. major parasites were inoculated into the tail base of BALB/c mice and the induced lesions
were treated every other day with three different doses of the synthesized compounds against
meglumine antimoniate as the drug reference for two weeks. Size of the lesions was observed for
three weeks and the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. Also, these compounds are
docked into the active site of 14- α-demethylase as the targets in the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Results:
Among the synthesized aminothiazole derivatives, compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7 had good
leishmanicidal effects. Docking binding energies showed that the synthesized compounds could act
as inhibitors for 14- α-demethylase.
Conclusions:
Among the synthesized compounds, compound 3, (N-((4-chlorophenyl)(phenyl)
methyl)thiazol-2-amine) was the most promising one which deserves future studies for the treatment
of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Rezaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soghra Khabnadideh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahbobeh Farjami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Mehrjou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Yazdi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Elham Riazimontazer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Fararouei
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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42
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The Delta 5,
7‐Sterols
and Astaxanthin in the Marine Microheterotroph
Schizochytrium
sp.
S31. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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43
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Zhou LM, Qu RY, Yang GF. An overview of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:603-625. [PMID: 32106717 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1733526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Spirooxindole, a unique and versatile scaffold, has been widely studied in some fields such as pharmaceutical chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Especially in the application of medicine, quite a few compounds featuring spirooxindole motif have displayed excellent and broad pharmacological activities. Many identified candidate molecules have been used in clinical trials, showing promising prospects.Areas covered: This article offers an overview of different applications and developments of spirooxindoles (including the related natural products and their derivatives) in the process of drug innovation, including such as in anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimalarial, and antiviral activities. Furthermore, the crucial structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetic properties, and main synthetic methods of spirooxindoles-based derivatives are also reviewed.Expert opinion: Recent progress in the biological activity profiles of spirooxindole derivatives have demonstrated their significant position in present-day drug discovery. Furthermore, we believe that the multidirectional development of novel drugs containing this core scaffold will continue to be the research hotspot in medicinal chemistry in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Rossi R, Ciofalo M. Current Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pharmacologically Relevant 1,2,4,5-Tetrasubstituted-1H-Imidazole Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272823666191014154129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
:
In recent years, the synthesis and evaluation of the
biological properties of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole
derivatives have been the subject of a large number of studies
by academia and industry. In these studies it has been shown
that this large and highly differentiated class of heteroarene
derivatives includes high valuable compounds having important
biological and pharmacological properties such as
antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer,
antiviral, antihypertensive, cholesterol-lowering, antifibrotic,
antiuricemic, antidiabetic, antileishmanial and antiulcer
activities.
:
The present review with 411 references, in which we focused on the literature data published mainly from 2011
to 2017, aims to update the readers on the recent developments on the synthesis and biological evaluation of
pharmacologically relevant 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted-1H-imidazole derivatives with an emphasis on their different
molecular targets and their potential use as drugs to treat various types of diseases. Reference was also
made to substantial literature data acquired before 2011 in this burgeoning research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Rossi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, University of Pisa - via Moruzzi, 3, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ciofalo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, University of Palermo - Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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45
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Zhao L, Sun N, Tian L, Sun Y, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhao S, Su X, Zhao D, Cheng M. Combating fluconazole-resistant fungi with novel β-azole-phenylacetone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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46
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Elejalde NR, Butassi E, Zacchino S, Macías MA, Portilla J. Intermolecular interaction energies and molecular conformations in N-substituted 4-aryl-2-methylimidazoles with promising in vitro antifungal activity. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B-STRUCTURAL SCIENCE CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:1197-1207. [DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619013271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A convenient one-pot synthesis of 4-aryl-2-methyl-N-phenacylimidazoles (4) through a microwave-assisted pseudo-tricomponent reaction of α-bromoacetophenones (1) with acetamidine hydrochloride (2) is reported. Ketones (4) were successfully used as substrates for the preparation of the respective N-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazoles (5) with yields up to 87%. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry analyses, and several structures were confirmed and studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The analysis of the whole-of-molecule interactions shows that, despite the difference in the atom–atom contacts forming the crystals, dispersion energies make the largest contribution to the formation of the solids, giving an isotropic tendency in the topology of the energy framework diagrams for pairs of molecules. In addition, the in vitro antifungal activity of both families of compounds [ketones (4) and alcohols (5)] against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans was evaluated, where the 2,4-dichlorophenyl-substituted alcohol (5f), an isomer of the drug miconazole, showed the highest activity (IC50 = 7.8 µg ml−1 against C. neoformans).
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47
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Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of l-amino alcohol derivatives as broad-spectrum antifungal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 177:374-385. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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48
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Mahmoudi Y, Badali H, Hashemi SM, Ansari M, Fakhim H, Fallah M, Shokrzadeh M, Emami S. New potent antifungal triazole alcohols containing N-benzylpiperazine carbodithioate moiety: Synthesis, in vitro evaluation and in silico study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 90:103060. [PMID: 31229796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A number of 1H-1,2,4-triazole alcohols containing N-(halobenzyl)piperazine carbodithioate moiety have been designed and synthesized as potent antifungal agents. In vitro bioassays against different Candida species including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis revealed that the N-(4-chlorobenzyl) derivative (6b) with MIC values of 0.063-0.5 µg/mL had the best profile of activity, being 4-32 times more potent than fluconazole. Docking simulation studies confirmed the better fitting of compound 6b in the active site of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme, the main target of azole antifungals. Particularly, the potential of compound 6b against fluconazole-resistant isolates along with its minimal toxicity against human erythrocytes and HepG2 cells make this prototype compound as a good lead for discovery of potent and safe antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Mahmoudi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Medical Mycology/Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Hashemi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ansari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamed Fakhim
- Department of Medical Parasitology & Mycology/Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Marjan Fallah
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Emami
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Emami S, Ghobadi E, Saednia S, Hashemi SM. Current advances of triazole alcohols derived from fluconazole: Design, in vitro and in silico studies. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 170:173-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Zhang B. Comprehensive review on the anti-bacterial activity of 1,2,3-triazole hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 168:357-372. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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