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Guo J. Recent advances in the synthesis and activity of analogues of bistetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids as antitumor agents. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115917. [PMID: 37925762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Ecteinascidin 743 (Et-743), also known by the trade name Yondelis®, is the pioneering marine natural product to be successfully developed as an antitumor drug. Moreover, it is the first tetrahydroisoquinoline natural product used clinically for antitumor therapy since Kluepfel, a Canadian scientist, discovered the tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid (THIQ) naphthyridinomycin in 1974. Currently, almost a hundred natural products of bistetrahydroisoquinoline type have been reported. Majority of these bistetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids exhibit diverse pharmacological activities, with some family members portraying potent antitumor activities such as Ecteinascidins, Renieramycins, Saframycins, Jorumycins, among others. Due to the unique chemical structure and exceptional biological activity of these natural alkaloids, coupled with their scarcity in nature, research seeking to provide material basis for further bioactivity research through total synthesis and obtaining compound leads with medicinal value through structural modification, remains a hot topic in the field of antitumor drug R&D. Despite the numerous reviews on the total synthesis of bistetrahydroisoquinoline natural products, comprehensive reviews on their structural modification are apparently scarce. Moreover, structural modification of bioactive natural products to acquire lead compounds with improved pharmaceutical characteristics, is a crucial approach for innovative drug discovery. This paper presents an up-to-date review of both structural modification and activity of bistetrahydroisoquinoline natural products. It highlights how such alkaloids can be used as antitumor lead compounds through careful chemical modifications. This review offers valuable scientific references for pharmaceutical chemists engaged in developing novel antitumor agents based on such alkaloid modifications, as well as those with such a goal in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education/Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research (Hubei University of Medicine), China.
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2
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Li X, Ye F, Wang Y, Sun X, Chen H, Chen T, Gao Y, Chen H. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and biological evaluation of quinolines for development of anticancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2200673. [PMID: 37160703 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) are a kind of natural alkaloids with multiple pharmaceutical activities. Herein, a focused compound library derived from THβCs was synthesized and their anticancer activities were studied in several cancer cell lines. Among them, three compounds showed considerable anticancer activities with low micromolar to submicromolar IC50 values. The abilities to induce apoptosis and alter mitochondrial membrane potential levels, which are comparable to those of the commercial anticancer drug adriamycin, were confirmed by one representative compound (21) on the B16/F10 cell line. Our preliminary structure-activity relationship studies indicated that alkylamines with suitable lengths are very important for potency improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianbin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tingyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Wang M, Yu BB, Yao ZJ. Simplified hybrids of two anticancer bistetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids ecteinascidin 743 and cribrostatin 4 and inhibitory activity against proliferation of cancer cells. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8438-8442. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01707e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A series of simplified hybrids/analogues of natural alkaloids ecteinascidin 743 and cribrostatin 4 have been synthesized and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bao-Bao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Zhu-Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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4
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β-Carbolines as potential anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113321. [PMID: 33684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
β-Carbolines are indole alkaloids having a tricyclic pyrido[3,4-b]indole ring in their structure. Since the isolation of first β-carboline from Peganum harmala in 1841, the isolation and synthesis of various β-carboline derivatives surged in the following centuries. β-Carboline derivatives due to their widespread availability from natural sources, structural flexibility, quick reactivity and interaction with varied anticancer targets such as DNA (intercalation, groove binding, etc.), enzymes (GPX4, topoisomerases, kinases, etc.) and proteins (tubulin, ABCG2/BRCP1, etc.) have established themselves as promising lead compounds for the synthesis of various anticancer active agents. The current review covers the synthesis and isolation, anticancer activity, mechanism of action and SAR of various β-carboline containing molecules, its derivatives and congeners.
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Ma Y, Pan X, Guan B, Zhang G, Liu Z. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of (-)-homo-renieramycin G and its derivatives. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9883-9894. [PMID: 33300542 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02167a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Homo-renieramycin G and its twenty derivatives were prepared from l-tyrosine methyl ester via a multi-step route. Their cytotoxicities were tested against four human cancer cell lines (A549, HeLa, KB and BGC-823). (-)-Renieramycin G and (-)-homo-renieramycin G showed comparable cytotoxicity against these four cancer cell lines, which indicated that the expansion of ring C from the six-membered 1,4-piperazinone to the seven-membered 1,4-diazepanone had no obvious impact on the cytotoxicity. Compound 42 with methyl side chain and compounds 38-41 with heterocyclic aromatic side chains at C-23 exhibited the most potent cytotoxicity with the IC50 values at the level of 10-6 M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
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Li SG, Wang YT, Zhang Q, Wang KB, Xue JJ, Li DH, Jing YK, Lin B, Hua HM. Pegaharmols A–B, Axially Chiral β-Carboline-quinazoline Dimers from the Roots of Peganum harmala. Org Lett 2020; 22:7522-7525. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ge Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yue-Tong Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jing-Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Da-Hong Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Kui Jing
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
| | - Bin Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui-Ming Hua
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China
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Structure-Dependent Development of the Antihypoxic Activity of Benzothiazole Derivatives Under Hypoxic Conditions of Various Etiologies. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02201-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lu X, Pan X, Guan B, Liu Z. Design, synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel hexacyclic saframycin-ecteinascidin analogs. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:237-249. [PMID: 31782476 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02426c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel hexacyclic skeletons and their thirty-four derivatives were prepared from l-tryptophan and l-DOPA. The cytotoxicities of these compounds were tested against four human cancer cell lines HCT-116, HepG2, BGC-823 and A2780. Compounds with the tetrahydro-β-carboline moiety in the left-half of the hexacyclic skeleton showed more potent cytotoxicity with IC50 values in the range of 10-7-10-9 M. Compound 20 with the 4-methoxybenzamide side chain showed potent cytotoxicity towards HepG2 with an IC50 value of 1.32 nM. Compounds 29 and 30 with 2-pyridine amide and (2E)-3-(3-thifluoromethyl-phenyl)acrylic amide side chains showed selective cytotoxicity towards A2780 with IC50 values of 1.73 nM and 7 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, P. R. China.
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Saito N, Yokoya M, Takahashi S. Preparation of Tricyclic Analog as CDE Ring Model of Renieramycin Marine Natural Product by Novel Photo-Induced Transformation of 6-Methoxy-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline-5,8-dione. HETEROCYCLES 2019. [DOI: 10.3987/com-18-s(f)100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dai J, Dan W, Schneider U, Wang J. β-Carboline alkaloid monomers and dimers: Occurrence, structural diversity, and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:622-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Schlegel M, Coburger P, Schneider C. A Novel Sc(OTf) 3 -Catalyzed (2+2+1)-Cycloannulation/Aza-Friedel-Crafts Alkylation Sequence toward Multicyclic 2-Pyrrolines. Chemistry 2018; 24:14207-14212. [PMID: 29939442 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid assembly of molecular complexity continues to be at the forefront of novel reaction development. In the pursuit of that goal, we herein report a novel Sc(OTf)3 -catalyzed, one-pot multicomponent reaction that furnishes complex multicyclic 2-pyrrolines with excellent overall yields and perfect diastereocontrol. This process is based on our previously established (2+2+1)-cycloannulation of in situ generated 1-azaallyl cations, 1,3-dicarbonyls and primary amines. The newly formed and highly reactive aminal moiety is readily substituted with indoles and pyrroles both as external and internal π-nucleophiles to provide densely functionalized N-heterocycles with four new σ-bonds and two vicinal quaternary stereogenic centers. In addition, DFT calculations have been conducted to further characterize the intermediate 1-azaallyl cations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schlegel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Coburger
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Schneider
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 29, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Synthesis and cytotoxicity screening of derivatives of the simplified ecteinascidin pentacyclic skeleton as anticancer agents. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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