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Sang Y, Kong P, Zhang S, Zhang L, Cao Y, Duan X, Sun T, Tao Z, Liu W. SGK1 in Human Cancer: Emerging Roles and Mechanisms. Front Oncol 2021; 10:608722. [PMID: 33542904 PMCID: PMC7851074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.608722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) is a member of the "AGC" subfamily of protein kinases, which shares structural and functional similarities with the AKT family of kinases and displays serine/threonine kinase activity. Aberrant expression of SGK1 has profound cellular consequences and is closely correlated with human cancer. SGK1 is considered a canonical factor affecting the expression and signal transduction of multiple genes involved in the genesis and development of many human cancers. Abnormal expression of SGK1 has been found in tissue and may hopefully become a useful indicator of cancer progression. In addition, SGK1 acts as a prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. This review systematically summarizes and discusses the role of SGK1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of diverse cancer types; focuses on its essential roles and functions in tumorigenesis, cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, autophagy, metabolism, and therapy resistance and in the tumor microenvironment; and finally summarizes the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of SGK1 at the molecular level. Taken together, this evidence highlights the crucial role of SGK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, revealing why it has emerged as a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Sang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Piaoping Kong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- The Cancer Institute of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Tao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Abbaszadeh F, Fakhri S, Khan H. Targeting apoptosis and autophagy following spinal cord injury: Therapeutic approaches to polyphenols and candidate phytochemicals. Pharmacol Res 2020; 160:105069. [PMID: 32652198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a neurological disorder associated with the loss of sensory and motor function. Understanding the precise dysregulated signaling pathways, especially apoptosis and autophagy following SCI, is of vital importance in developing innovative therapeutic targets and treatments. The present study lies in the fact that it reveals the precise dysregulated signaling mediators of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI and also examines the effects of polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals. It provides new insights to develop new treatments for post-SCI complications. Accordingly, a comprehensive review was conducted using electronic databases including, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Medline, along with the authors' expertise in apoptosis and autophagy as well as their knowledge about the effects of polyphenols and other phytochemicals on SCI pathogenesis. The primary mechanical injury to spinal cord is followed by a secondary cascade of apoptosis and autophagy that play critical roles during SCI. In terms of pharmacological mechanisms, caspases, Bax/Bcl-2, TNF-α, and JAK/STAT in apoptosis along with LC3 and Beclin-1 in autophagy have shown a close interconnection with the inflammatory pathways mainly glutamatergic, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, ERK/MAPK, and other cross-linked mediators. Besides, apoptotic pathways have been shown to regulate autophagy mediators and vice versa. Prevailing evidence has highlighted the importance of modulating these signaling mediators/pathways by polyphenols and other candidate phytochemicals post-SCI. The present review provides dysregulated signaling mediators and therapeutic targets of apoptotic and autophagic pathways following SCI, focusing on the modulatory effects of polyphenols and other potential phytochemical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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Hurtevent A, Le Naour M, Leclerc V, Carato P, Melnyk P, Hennuyer N, Staels B, Beucher-Gaudin M, Caignard DH, Dacquet C, Lebegue N. Effect of 6-Benzoyl-benzothiazol-2-one scaffold on the pharmacological profile of α-alkoxyphenylpropionic acid derived PPAR agonists. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:524-538. [PMID: 31939313 PMCID: PMC7006651 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1713771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of nitrogen heterocycles containing α–ethoxyphenylpropionic acid derivatives were designed as dual PPARα/γ agonist ligands for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. 6-Benzoyl-benzothiazol-2-one was the most tolerant of the tested heterocycles in which incorporation of O-methyl oxime ether and trifluoroethoxy group followed by enantiomeric resolution led to the (S)-stereoisomer 44 b displaying the best in vitro pharmacological profile. Compound 44 b acted as a very potent full PPARγ agonist and a weak partial agonist on the PPARα receptor subtype. Compound 44 b showed high efficacy in an ob/ob mice model with significant decreases in serum triglyceride, glucose and insulin levels but mostly with limited body-weight gain and could be considered as a selective PPARγ modulator (SPPARγM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hurtevent
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Morgan Le Naour
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Veronique Leclerc
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Pascal Carato
- Université de Poitiers, CIC INSERM 1402, UFR de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Patricia Melnyk
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Hennuyer
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011- EGID, Lille, France
| | - Monique Beucher-Gaudin
- Pôle d'innovation Thérapeutique Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Daniel-Henri Caignard
- Pôle d'Expertise Chimie Thérapeutique, Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur seine, France
| | - Catherine Dacquet
- Pôle d'innovation Thérapeutique Maladies Métaboliques, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Nicolas Lebegue
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer, Lille, France
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Karataş S, Çapan İ, Servi S. Synthesis of Indole and Benzimidazole Substituted Novel 16-Arylidene Steroid Derivatives. LETT ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570178616666190305130217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel aza-heterocyclic substituted dehydroepiandrosterone derivatives were synthesized
through a three-step reaction sequence. Some new O-alkylated 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes were synthesized
from the reaction of substituted benzaldehydes with dihalogen compounds which have different
chain lengths. 16-Arylidene steroids were synthesized from the base-catalyzed aldol condensation of
O-alkylated 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and dehydroepiandrosterone. New indolyl and benzimidazolyl
substituted steroid derivatives as hybrid molecules were obtained from the reaction of 16-arylidene
steroids with indole or benzimidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Karataş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - İrfan Çapan
- Department of Polymer Technology, Technical Sciences Vocational College, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Servi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazıg, Turkey
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Catalogna G, Moraca F, D'Antona L, Dattilo V, Perrotti G, Lupia A, Costa G, Ortuso F, Iuliano R, Trapasso F, Amato R, Alcaro S, Perrotti N. Review about the multi-target profile of resveratrol and its implication in the SGK1 inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111675. [PMID: 31539779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic natural product with a well-known polypharmacological profile that places it among the multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs). Given its protective action against a wide number of chronic diseases, in this review, we introduce a general overview about the cardioprotective and antioxidant effects, the antidiabetic, neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of this polyphenol. In the second part of the manuscript, we focused our attention on the anticancer activity of Resveratrol, given the alteration of many different signaling pathways, leading to suppression of tumor cell proliferation in numerous cancer types. Among the several anticancer targets involved in the mechanism of action of Resveratrol, here we introduce experimental and molecular modeling studies performed against the SGK1 protein as a novel anticancer target of Resveratrol. SGK1 inhibitors have been demonstrated to inhibit cell growth of different cancer cells. We demonstrated that resveratrol inhibits SGK1 in vitro and in intact cells, affecting proliferation and survival of HUH7 human hepatoma cells. Our findings demonstrate that resveratrol may function as a SGK1 inhibitor, suggesting possible applications in sodium retention and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Catalogna
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Moraca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lucia D'Antona
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Perrotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giosuè Costa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Ortuso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Iuliano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Trapasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Della Salute, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy; Net4Science Srl, Università "Magna Græcia", Campus Salvatore Venuta, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Pénzes Á, Mahmud Abdelwahab EM, Rapp J, Péteri ZA, Bovári-Biri J, Fekete C, Miskei G, Kvell K, Pongrácz JE. Toxicology studies of primycin-sulphate using a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro human liver aggregate model. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:44-52. [PMID: 28916286 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Primycin-sulphate is a highly effective compound against Gram (G) positive bacteria. It has a potentially synergistic effect with vancomycin and statins which makes primycin-sulphate a potentially very effective preparation. Primycin-sulphate is currently used exclusively in topical preparations. In vitro animal hepatocyte and neuromuscular junction studies (in mice, rats, snakes, frogs) as well as in in vitro human red blood cell experiments were used to test toxicity. During these studies, the use of primycin-sulphate resulted in reduced cellular membrane integrity and modified ion channel activity. Additionally, parenteral administration of primycin-sulphate to mice, dogs, cats, rabbits and guinea pigs indicated high level of acute toxicity. The objective of this study was to reveal the cytotoxic and gene expression modifying effects of primycin-sulphate in a human system using an in vitro, three dimensional (3D) human hepatic model system. Within the 3D model, primycin-sulphate presented no acute cytotoxicity at concentrations 1μg/ml and below. However, even at low concentrations, primycin-sulphate affected gene expressions by up-regulating inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL6), chemokines (e.g., CXCL5) and by down-regulating molecules of the lipid metabolism (e.g., peroxisome proliferator receptor (PPAR) alpha, gamma, etc). Down-regulation of PPAR alpha cannot just disrupt lipid production but can also affect cytochrome P450 metabolic enzyme (CYP) 3A4 expression, highlighting the need for extensive drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies before human oral or parenteral preparations can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágota Pénzes
- PannonPharma Ltd., Biological Control Laboratory, 1 Pannonpharma Str., H-7720, Pécsvárad, Hungary
| | - Elhusseiny Mohamed Mahmud Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 2 Rókus Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit Rapp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 2 Rókus Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Humeltis Ltd, 20 Ifjúság Str., Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsanett A Péteri
- PannonPharma Ltd., Biological Control Laboratory, 1 Pannonpharma Str., H-7720, Pécsvárad, Hungary
| | - Judit Bovári-Biri
- PannonPharma Ltd., Biological Control Laboratory, 1 Pannonpharma Str., H-7720, Pécsvárad, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Department of General and Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Str., H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Miskei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 2 Rókus Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Kvell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 2 Rókus Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Judit E Pongrácz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, 2 Rókus Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Szentágothai Research Center, University of Pécs, 20 Ifjúság Str., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; Humeltis Ltd, 20 Ifjúság Str., Pécs, Hungary.
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