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Abdel-Motaal M, Aldakhili DA, Abo Elmaaty A, Sharaky M, Mourad MAE, Alzahrani AYA, Mohamed NA, Al-Karmalawy AA. Design and synthesis of novel tetrabromophthalimide derivatives as potential tubulin inhibitors endowed with apoptotic induction for cancer treatment. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22197. [PMID: 38751223 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Although various approaches exist for treating cancer, chemotherapy continues to hold a prominent role in the management of this disease. Besides, microtubules serve as a vital component of the cellular skeleton, playing a pivotal role in the process of cell division making it an attractive target for cancer treatment. Hence, the scope of this work was adapted to design and synthesize new anti-tubulin tetrabromophthalimide hybrids (3-17) with colchicine binding site (CBS) inhibitory potential. The conducted in vitro studies showed that compound 16 displayed the lowest IC50 values (11.46 µM) at the FaDu cancer cell lines, whereas compound 17 exhibited the lowest IC50 value (13.62 µM) at the PC3 cancer cell line. However, compound 7b exhibited the lowest IC50 value (11.45 µM) at the MDA-MB-468 cancer cell line. Moreover, compound 17 was observed to be the superior antitumor candidate against all three tested cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-468, PC3, and FaDu) with IC50 values of 17.22, 13.15, and 13.62 µM, respectively. In addition, compound 17 showed a well-established upregulation of apoptotic markers (Caspases 3, 7, 8, and 9, Bax, and P53). Moreover, compound 17 induced downregulation of the antiapoptotic markers (MMP2, MMP9, and BCL-2). Furthermore, the colchicine binding site inhibition assay showed that compounds 15a and 17 exhibited particularly significant inhibitory potentials, with IC50 values of 23.07 and 4.25 µM, respectively, compared to colchicine, which had an IC50 value of 3.89 µM. Additionally, cell cycle analysis was conducted, showing that compound 17 could prompt cell cycle arrest at both the G0-G1 and G2-M phases. On the other hand, a molecular docking approach was applied to investigate the binding interactions of the examined candidates compared to colchicine towards CBS of the β-tubulin subunit. Thus, the synthesized tetrabromophthalimide hybrids can be regarded as outstanding anticancer candidates with significant apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Abdel-Motaal
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Division, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Aldakhili
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Marwa Sharaky
- Cancer Biology Department, Pharmacology Unit, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 6th of October, Egypt
| | - Mai A E Mourad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Y A Alzahrani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Khalid University, Mohail Assir, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia A Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Al-Karmalawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Abdallah AE. Review on anti-alzheimer drug development: approaches, challenges and perspectives. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11057-11088. [PMID: 38586442 PMCID: PMC10995770 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08333k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative disease that causes failure of cerebral neurons and disability of the affected person to practice normal daily life activities. There is no concrete evidence to identify the exact reason behind the disease, so several relevant hypotheses emerged, highlighting many possible therapeutic targets, such as acetylcholinesterase, cholinergic receptors, N-methyl d-aspartate receptors, phosphodiesterase, amyloid β protein, protein phosphatase 2A, glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, β-secretase, γ-secretase, α-secretase, serotonergic receptors, glutaminyl cyclase, tumor necrosis factor-α, γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, and mitochondria. All of these targets have been involved in the design of new potential drugs. An extensive number of these drugs have been studied in clinical trials. However, only galantamine, donepezil, and rivastigmine (ChEIs), memantine (NMDA antagonist), and aducanumab and lecanemab (selective anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies) have been approved for AD treatment. Many drugs failed in the clinical trials to such an extent that questions have been posed about the significance of some of the aforementioned targets. On the contrary, the data of other drugs were promising and shed light on the significance of their targets for the development of new potent anti-alzheimer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah E Abdallah
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University 11884 Cairo Egypt
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3
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Nazarian A, Abedinifar F, Hamedifar H, Hashempur MH, Mahdavi M, Sepehri N, Iraji A. Anticholinesterase activities of novel isoindolin-1,3-dione-based acetohydrazide derivatives: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, molecular dynamic study. BMC Chem 2024; 18:64. [PMID: 38561813 PMCID: PMC10985906 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-024-01169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In pursuit of developing novel cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors through molecular hybridization theory, a novel series of isoindolin-1,3-dione-based acetohydrazides (compounds 8a-h) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as possible acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitors. In vitro results revealed IC50 values ranging from 0.11 ± 0.05 to 0.86 ± 0.02 µM against AChE and 5.7 ± 0.2 to 30.2 ± 2.8 µM against BChE. A kinetic study was conducted on the most potent compound, 8a, to ascertain its mode of inhibition, revealing its competitive mode against AChE. Furthermore, the binding interaction modes of the most active compound within the AChE active site was elucidated. Molecular dynamics simulations of compound 8a were performed to assess the stability of the 8a-AChE complex. In silico pharmacokinetic predictions for the most potent compounds indicated their potential as promising lead structure for the development of new anti-Alzheimer's disease (anti-AD) agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nazarian
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahime Abedinifar
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haleh Hamedifar
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Sepehri
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- CinnaGen Research and Production Co., Alborz, Iran.
| | - Aida Iraji
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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4
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Quang De T, Nguyen CQ, Le Dang Q, Nguyen Thi NY, Trong Tuan N, Hoon Suh D, Chu J, Bepary S, Lee GH, Kang NS, Cho H, Park WK, Lim HJ. Rational design of novel diaryl ether-linked benzimidazole derivatives as potent and selective BACE1 inhibitors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 698:149538. [PMID: 38271836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Due to the large size and high flexibility of the catalytic active site of BACE1 enzyme, the development of nonpeptide inhibitors with optimal pharmacological properties is still highly demanding. In this work, we have discovered 2-aminobenzimidazole-containg ether scaffolds having potent and selective inhibitory potentials against BACE1 enzyme. We have synthesized novel 29 compounds and optimization of aryl linker region resulted in highly potent BACE1 inhibitory activities with EC50 values of 0.05-2.71 μM. The aryloxy-phenyl analogs 20j showed the EC50 value as low as 0.07 μM in the enzyme assay, whereas, the benzyloxyphenyl dervative 24b was comparatively less effective in the enzyme assay. But interestingly the latter was more effective in the cell assay (EC50 value 1.2 μM). While comparing synthesized derivatives in the cell assay using PC12-APPSW cell, compound 27f appeared as the most potent BACE1 inhibitor having EC50 value 0.7 μM. This scaffold also showed high selectivity over BACE2 enzyme and cathepsin D. Furthermore, the research findings were bolstered through the incorporation of molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT studies. We firmly believe that these discoveries will pave the way for the development of a novel class of small-molecule selective BACE1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Quang De
- Department of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-333, South Korea
| | - Cuong Quoc Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam; Analytical Techniques Lab (1.16-ATL), CTU High-tech Building, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam.
| | - Quang Le Dang
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10072, Viet Nam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, 10072, Viet Nam
| | | | - Nguyen Trong Tuan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Can Tho, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Chu
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Sukumar Bepary
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Ge Hyeong Lee
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Nam Sook Kang
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Heeyeong Cho
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Woo Kyu Park
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea
| | - Hee-Jong Lim
- Division of Drug Discovery Research, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, P.O.Box 107, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, 305-600, South Korea.
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5
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Singh A, Singh K, Kaur J, Kaur R, Sharma A, Kaur J, Kaur U, Chadha R, Bedi PMS. Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Diversity of 1,2,3-Triazole Scaffold in Drug Development: Design Strategies, Structural Insights, and Therapeutic Potential. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3291-3317. [PMID: 37683129 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a most prevalent form of dementia all around the globe and currently poses a significant challenge to the healthcare system. Currently available drugs only slow the progression of this disease rather than provide proper containment. Identification of multiple targets responsible for this disease in the last three decades established it as a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder that needs novel multifunctional agents for its management and the possible reason for the failure of currently available single target clinical drugs. 1,2,3-Triazole is a miraculous nucleus in medicinal chemistry and the first choice for development of multifunctional hybrid molecules. Apart from that, it is an integral component of various drugs in clinical trials as well as in clinical practice. This review is focused on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and 1,2,3-triazole containing derivatives developed in recent decades as potential anti-Alzheimer's agents. The review will provide (A) precise insight of various established targets of Alzheimer's disease including cholinergic, amyloid, tau, monoamine oxidases, glutamate, calcium, and reactive oxygen species hypothesis and (B) design hypothesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological outcomes of 1,2,3-triazole containing multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's agents. This review will provide a baseline for various research groups working on Alzheimer's drug development in designing potent, safer, and effective multifunctional anti-Alzheimer's candidates of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atamjit Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Karanvir Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jashandeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Ramanpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Aman Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Jasleen Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
| | - Uttam Kaur
- University School of Business, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Preet Mohinder Singh Bedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
- Drug and Pollution Testing Laboratory, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab 143005, India
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6
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Oliyaei N, Moosavi-Nasab M, Tanideh N, Iraji A. Multiple roles of fucoxanthin and astaxanthin against Alzheimer's disease: Their pharmacological potential and therapeutic insights. Brain Res Bull 2023; 193:11-21. [PMID: 36435362 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most devastating neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly. The exact pathology of AD is not yet fully understood and several hallmarks such as the deposition of amyloid-β, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation, as well as mitochondrial, metal ions, autophagy, and cholinergic dysfunctions are known as pathologic features of AD. Since no definitive treatment has been proposed to target AD to date, many natural products have shown promising preventive potentials and contributed to slowing down the disease progression. Algae is a promising source of novel bioactive substances known to prevent neurodegenerative disorders including AD. In this context, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin, natural carotenoids abundant in algae, has shown to possess neuroprotective properties through antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory characteristics in modulating the symptoms of AD. Fucoxanthin and astaxanthin exhibit anti-AD activities by inhibition of AChE, BuChE, BACE-1, and MAO, suppression of Aβ accumulation. Also, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin inhibit apoptosis induced by Aβ1-42 and H2O2-induced cytotoxicity, and modulate the antioxidant enzymes (SOD and CAT), through inhibition of the ERK pathway. Moreover, cellular and animal studies on the beneficial effects of fucoxanthin and astaxanthin against AD were also reviewed. The potential role of fucoxanthin and astaxanthin exhibits great efficacy for the management of AD by acting on multiple targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmeh Oliyaei
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Seafood Processing Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzieh Moosavi-Nasab
- Seafood Processing Research Center, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Central Research laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Moghimi P, Sabet-Sarvestani H, Kohandel O, Shiri A. Pyrido[1,2- e]purine: Design and Synthesis of Appropriate Inhibitory Candidates against the Main Protease of COVID-19. J Org Chem 2022; 87:3922-3933. [PMID: 35225616 PMCID: PMC8905926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of tricyclic and polycyclic pyrido[1,2-e]purine derivatives were designed and synthesized via a two-step, one-pot reaction of 2,4-dichloro-5-amino-6-methylpyrimidine with pyridine under reflux conditions. Various derivatives of pyrido[1,2-e]purine were also synthesized by substituting the chlorine atom with secondary amines. After careful physiochemical and pharmacokinetic predictions, the inhibitory effects of the synthesized compounds against the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 have been evaluated by molecular docking and molecular dynamics approaches. The in silico results revealed that among all of the studied compounds, the morpholine/piperidine-substituted pyrido[1,2-e]purine derivatives are the best candidates as effective inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Moghimi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
| | | | - Omid Kohandel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
| | - Ali Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad,
Iran
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8
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Venkatesham P, Shyam P, Pooja, Chedupaka R, Vedula RR. Facile One-Pot Multi-Component Synthesis, Characterization, Molecular Docking Studies, Biological Evaluation of 1,2,4-Triazolo Isoindoline-1,3-Diones and Their DFT Calculations. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2042333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Papisetti Venkatesham
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Perugu Shyam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Pooja
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Raju Chedupaka
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeswar Rao Vedula
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, India
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9
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Singh HK, Kamal A, Kumari S, Maury SK, Kushwaha AK, Srivastava V, Singh S. Visible‐Light‐Promoted Synthesis of Fusesd Imidazoheterocycle by Eosin Y under Metal‐Free and Solvent‐Free Conditions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Arsala Kamal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Savita Kumari
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Suresh Kumar Maury
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ambuj Kumar Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vandana Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Sundaram Singh
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi 221005 Uttar Pradesh India
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Attarroshan M, Firuzi O, Iraji A, Sharifi S, Tavakkoli M, Vesal M, Khoshneviszadeh M, Pirhadi S, Edraki N. Imino-2H-Chromene Based Derivatives as Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Agents: Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and in Silico Study. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100599. [PMID: 34786830 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A new series of imino-2H-chromene derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized as novel multifunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease. A set of phenylimino-2H-chromenes as well as the newly synthesized iminochromene derivatives were evaluated as BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors. The results indicated that among the iminochromene set, 10c bearing fluorobenzyl moiety was the most potent BACE1 inhibitor with an IC50 value 6.31 μM. In vitro anti-cholinergic activities demonstrated that compound 10a bearing benzyl pendant was the best inhibitor of AChE (% inhibition at 30 μM=24.4) and BuChE (IC50 =3.3 μM). Kinetic analysis of compound 10a against BuChE was also performed and showed a mixed-type inhibition pattern. The neuroprotective assessment revealed that compound 11b, a phenylimino-2H-chromene derivative with hydroxyethyl moiety, provided 32.3 % protection at 25 μM against Aβ-induced PC12 neuronal cell damage. In addition, docking and simulation studies of the most potent compounds against BACE1 and BuChE confirmed the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Attarroshan
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Central Research laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Sharifi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Tavakkoli
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahmmod Vesal
- Department of Biochemistry, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somayeh Pirhadi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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11
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Ugbaja S, Lawal I, Kumalo H, Lawal M. Alzheimer's Disease and β-Secretase Inhibition: An Update With a Focus on Computer-Aided Inhibitor Design. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 23:266-285. [PMID: 34370634 DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210809100050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an intensifying neurodegenerative illness due to its irreversible nature. Identification of β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme1 (BACE1) has been a significant medicinal focus towards AD treatment, and this has opened ground for several investigations. Despite the numerous works in this direction, no BACE1 inhibitor has made it to the final approval stage as an anti-AD drug. METHOD We provide an introductory background of the subject with a general overview of the pathogenesis of AD. The review features BACE1 inhibitor design and development with a focus on some clinical trials and discontinued drugs. Using the topical keywords BACE1, inhibitor design, and computational/theoretical study in the Web of Science and Scopus database, we retrieved over 49 relevant articles. The search years are from 2010 and 2020, with analysis conducted from May 2020 to March 2021. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Researchers have employed computational methodologies to unravel potential BACE1 inhibitors with a significant outcome. The most used computer-aided approach in BACE1 inhibitor design and binding/interaction studies are pharmacophore development, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR), virtual screening, docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. These methods, plus more advanced ones including quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) and QM, have proven substantial in the computational framework for BACE1 inhibitor design. Computational chemists have embraced the incorporation of in vitro assay to provide insight into the inhibition performance of identified molecules with potential inhibition towards BACE1. Significant IC50 values up to 50 nM, better than clinical trial compounds, are available in the literature. CONCLUSION The continuous failure of potent BACE1 inhibitors at clinical trials is attracting many queries prompting researchers to investigate newer concepts necessary for effective inhibitor design. The considered properties for efficient BACE1 inhibitor design seem enormous and require thorough scrutiny. Lately, researchers noticed that besides appreciable binding affinity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation, BACE1 inhibitor must show low or no affinity for permeability-glycoprotein. Computational modeling methods have profound applications in drug discovery strategy. With the volume of recent in silico studies on BACE1 inhibition, the prospect of identifying potent molecules that would reach the approved level is feasible. Investigators should try pushing many of the identified BACE1 compounds with significant anti-AD properties to preclinical and clinical trial stages. We also advise computational research on allosteric inhibitor design, exosite modeling, and multisite inhibition of BACE1. These alternatives might be a solution to BACE1 drug discovery in AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ugbaja
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isiaka Lawal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied and Computer Science, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark Campus, Boulevard, 1900, Vanderbijlpark, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hezekiel Kumalo
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monsurat Lawal
- Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Zonouzi A, Hosseinzadeh F, Dehdari S, Abbasi A, Ng SW. Efficient synthesis of some V‐shaped methylene‐bridged compounds via regioselective condensation. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alireza Abbasi
- Department of Chemistry University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Seik Weng Ng
- Department of Chemistry University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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13
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Synthesis and bio-evaluation of new multifunctional methylindolinone-1,2,3-triazole hybrids as anti-Alzheimer's agents. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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14
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Mahernia S, Hassanzadeh M, Adib M, Peytam F, Haghighijoo Z, Iraji A, Mahdavi M, Edraki N, Amanlou M. The possible effect of microRNA-155 (miR-155) and BACE1 inhibitors in the memory of patients with down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis, virtual screening, molecular modeling and biological evaluations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5803-5814. [PMID: 33480329 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1873861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
MiR-155 plays main roles in several physiological and pathological mechanisms, such as Down syndrome (DS), immunity and inflammation and potential anti-AD therapeutic target. The miR-155 is one of the overexpressed miRNAs in DS patients that contribute directly and indirectly to the onset or progression of the DS. Since the miR-155 can simultaneously reduce the translation of several genes at post-transcriptional levels, targeting the miR-155 might set the stage for the treatment of DS. One of the rational strategies in providing therapeutic interventions in this respect is to design and develop novel small molecules inhibiting the miR-155 function or biogenesis or maturation. In the present study, we aim to introduce small molecule compounds with the potential to inhibit the generation of the selectively miR-155 processing by employing computational drug design approaches, as well as in vitro studies. We designed and synthesized a novel series of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines derivatives as new nonpeptic candidates for the treatment of DS with AD. The designed compounds were investigated for their BACE1 and miR-155 binder inhibitory potential in vitro and in cell. In addition, we present a systematic computational approach that includes 3 D modeling, docking-based virtual screening, and molecular dynamics simulation to identify Small - molecule inhibitors of pre-miR-155 maturation. To confirm the inhibitory potential of compound 8k on miR-155 maturation, qRT- PCR was performed. All our results confirm that compound 8k, in addition to being a good inhibitor of BACE1, can also be a good inhibitor of miR-155.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Mahernia
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hassanzadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Adib
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Peytam
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Haghighijoo
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Massoud Amanlou
- The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Saeedi M, Felegari P, Iraji A, Hariri R, Rastegari A, Mirfazli SS, Edraki N, Firuzi O, Mahdavi M, Akbarzadeh T. Novel N-benzylpiperidine derivatives of 5-arylisoxazole-3-carboxamides as anti-Alzheimer's agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000258. [PMID: 33226157 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The complex pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has prompted researchers to develop multitarget-directed molecules to find an effective therapy against the disease. In this context, a novel series of N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)-5-arylisoxazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). In vitro biological evaluation demonstrated that compound 4e was the best AChE (IC50 = 16.07 μM) and BuChE inhibitor (IC50 = 15.16 μM). A kinetic study of 4e was also conducted, which presented a mixed-type inhibition for both enzymes. Molecular docking studies revealed that compound 4e fitted well into the active sites of AChE and BuChE, forming stable and strong interactions with key residues Glu199, Trp84, Asp72, Tyr121, and Phe288 in AChE and His438, Trp82, Ala328, Tyr332, Phe329, Thr120, and Pro285 in BuChE. Besides, the inhibition of BACE1 by 4e and the biometal chelation activity of 4e were measured. The neuroprotective assessment revealed that 4e exhibited 23.2% protection at 50 µM toward amyloid-beta-induced PC12 neuronal cells. Overall, this study exhibited that compound 4e was a promising compound targeting multiple factors associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Saeedi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Felegari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Roshanak Hariri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Rastegari
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Sara Mirfazli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Akbarzadeh
- Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Iraji A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Bakhshizadeh P, Edraki N, Khoshneviszadeh M. Structure-Based Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Molecular Docking Study of 4-Hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide Derivatives Acting as Tyrosinase Inhibitors with Potentiate Anti-Melanogenesis Activities. Med Chem 2020; 16:892-902. [DOI: 10.2174/1573406415666190724142951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Melanogenesis is a process of melanin synthesis, which is a primary response
for the pigmentation of human skin. Tyrosinase is a key enzyme, which catalyzes a ratelimiting
step of the melanin formation. Natural products have shown potent inhibitors, but some of
these possess toxicity. Numerous synthetic inhibitors have been developed in recent years may
lead to the potent anti– tyrosinase agents.
Objective:
A number of 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide analogues with related structure
to chalcone and tyrosine were constructed with various substituents at the benzyl ring of the molecule
and evaluate as a tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, computational analysis and metal chelating
potential have been evaluated.
Methods:
Design and synthesized compounds were evaluated for activity against mushroom tyrosinase.
The metal chelating capacity of the potent compound was examined using the mole ratio
method. Molecular docking of the synthesized compounds was carried out into the tyrosine active
site.
Results:
Novel 4-hydroxy-N'-methylenebenzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized. The two
compounds 4c and 4g showed an IC50 near the positive control, led to a drastic inhibition of tyrosinase.
Confirming in vitro results were performed via the molecular docking analysis demonstrating
hydrogen bound interactions of potent compounds with histatidine-Cu+2 residues with in
the active site. Kinetic study of compound 4g showed competitive inhibition towards tyrosinase.
Metal chelating assay indicates the mole fraction of 1:2 stoichiometry of the 4g-Cu2+ complex.
Conclusion:
The findings in the present study demonstrate that 4-Hydroxy-N'-
methylenebenzohydrazide scaffold could be regarded as a bioactive core inhibitor of tyrosinase
and can be used as an inspiration for further studies in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pegah Bakhshizadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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17
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Haghighijoo Z, Akrami S, Saeedi M, Zonouzi A, Iraji A, Larijani B, Fakherzadeh H, Sharifi F, Arzaghi SM, Mahdavi M, Edraki N. N-Cyclohexylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives as multi-target-directed ligands for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104146. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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18
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Othman IM, Gad-Elkareem MA, Hassane Anouar E, Aouadi K, Kadri A, Snoussi M. Design, synthesis ADMET and molecular docking of new imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine-5-thione derivatives as potential tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Zonouzi A, Rezaei MH, Mirzazadeh R, Arjomand MR. Solvent-free Synthesis of Halogenated Furo[2,3-d] pyrimidines and Their Cytotoxic Activity on the T47D Breast Cancer Cell Line. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2020.1771961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afsaneh Zonouzi
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Research Center (PCRC), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Habibi Rezaei
- School of Biology, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roghieh Mirzazadeh
- School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Biochemistry Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Azimi S, Firuzi O, Iraji A, Zonouzi A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Mahdavi M, Edraki N. Synthesis and In Vitro Biological Activity Evaluation of Novel Imidazo [2,1-B][1,3,4] Thiadiazole as Anti-Alzheimer Agents. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180816666181108115510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Considering that AD is multifactorial in nature, novel series of imidazo
[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole derivatives were designed to address the basic factors responsible for the
disease.
<p>
Methods: These compounds were investigated as inhibitors of beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1,
acetylcholinesterase and butyryl cholinesterase.
<p>
Results: The BACE1 inhibitory results indicated that nitro phenyl substituted derivatives of imidazo
[2,1-b][1,3,4] thiadiazole scaffold (R2 = m-NO2) demonstrated superior BACE1 inhibitory activity
compared to other substituted moieties. In the BuChE assay, compounds 4h and 4l carrying meta
NO2 at R2 of phenyl ring turned out to be potent inhibitors.
<p>
Conclusion: In conclusion, these novel synthesized derivatives seem to be promising anti-Alzheimer
agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Azimi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Zonouzi
- School of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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21
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Thakur A, Pereira G, Patel C, Chauhan V, Dhaked RK, Sharma A. Design, one-pot green synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of novel imidazopyridine bearing pyran bis-heterocycles. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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22
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Iraji A, Khoshneviszadeh M, Firuzi O, Khoshneviszadeh M, Edraki N. Novel small molecule therapeutic agents for Alzheimer disease: Focusing on BACE1 and multi-target directed ligands. Bioorg Chem 2020; 97:103649. [PMID: 32101780 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that effects 50 million people worldwide. In this review, AD pathology and the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting AD were fully discussed. In particular, common approaches to prevent Aβ production and/or accumulation in the brain including α-secretase activators, specific γ-secretase modulators and small molecules BACE1 inhibitors were reviewed. Additionally, natural-origin bioactive compounds that provide AD therapeutic advances have been introduced. Considering AD is a multifactorial disease, the therapeutic potential of diverse multi target-directed ligands (MTDLs) that combine the efficacy of cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors, MAO (monoamine oxidase) inhibitors, BACE1 inhibitors, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibitors, for the treatment of AD are also reviewed. This article also highlights descriptions on the regulator of serotonin receptor (5-HT), metal chelators, anti-aggregants, antioxidants and neuroprotective agents targeting AD. Finally, current computational methods for evaluating the structure-activity relationships (SAR) and virtual screening (VS) of AD drugs are discussed and evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsima Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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23
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Mouchlis VD, Melagraki G, Zacharia LC, Afantitis A. Computer-Aided Drug Design of β-Secretase, γ-Secretase and Anti-Tau Inhibitors for the Discovery of Novel Alzheimer's Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E703. [PMID: 31973122 PMCID: PMC7038192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by progressive neuronal death and synapses loss in human brain, are rapidly growing affecting millions of people globally. Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease and it can be caused by genetic and environmental risk factors. This review describes the amyloid-β and Tau hypotheses leading to amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively which are the predominant pathways for the development of anti-Alzheimer's small molecule inhibitors. The function and structure of the druggable targets of these two pathways including β-secretase, γ-secretase, and Tau are discussed in this review article. Computer-Aided Drug Design including computational structure-based design and ligand-based design have been employed successfully to develop inhibitors for biomolecular targets involved in Alzheimer's. The application of computational molecular modeling for the discovery of small molecule inhibitors and modulators for β-secretase and γ-secretase is summarized. Examples of computational approaches employed for the development of anti-amyloid aggregation and anti-Tau phosphorylation, proteolysis and aggregation inhibitors are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Melagraki
- Division of Physical Sciences & Applications, Hellenic Military Academy, Vari 16672, Greece;
| | - Lefteris C. Zacharia
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia 1700, Cyprus;
| | - Antreas Afantitis
- Department of ChemoInformatics, NovaMechanics Ltd., Nicosia 1046, Cyprus
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24
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Boltjes A, Dömling A. The Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé Reaction. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY (PRINT) 2019; 2019:7007-7049. [PMID: 34012704 PMCID: PMC8130801 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine is a well-known scaffold in many marketed drugs, such as Zolpidem, Minodronic acid, Miroprofen and DS-1 and it also serves as a broadly applied pharmacophore in drug discovery. The scaffold revoked a wave of interest when Groebke, Blackburn and Bienaymé reported independently a new three component reaction resulting in compounds with the imidazo[1,2-a]-heterocycles as a core structure. During the course of two decades the Groebke Blackburn Bienaymé (GBB-3CR) reaction has emerged as a very important multicomponent reaction (MCR), resulting in over a hundred patents and a great number of publications in various fields of interest. Now two compounds derived from GBB-3CR chemistry received FDA approval. To celebrate the first 20 years of GBB-chemistry, we present an overview of the chemistry of the GBB-3CR, including an analysis of each of the three starting material classes, solvents and catalysts. Additionally, a list of patents and their applications and a more in-depth summary of the biological targets that were addressed, including structural biology analysis, is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Boltjes
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Gurjar AS, Solanki VS, Meshram AR, Vishwakarma SS. Exploring beta amyloid cleavage enzyme‐1 inhibition and neuroprotective role of benzimidazole analogues as anti‐alzheimer agents. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201900200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Archana S. Gurjar
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPrincipal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy Mumbai India
| | - Vivek S. Solanki
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPrincipal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy Mumbai India
| | - Ankita R. Meshram
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPrincipal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy Mumbai India
| | - Suchita S. Vishwakarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryPrincipal K. M. Kundnani College of Pharmacy Mumbai India
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26
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Vanda D, Zajdel P, Soural M. Imidazopyridine-based selective and multifunctional ligands of biological targets associated with psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 181:111569. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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5,6-Diphenyl triazine-thio methyl triazole hybrid as a new Alzheimer's disease modifying agents. Mol Divers 2019; 24:641-654. [PMID: 31327094 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-019-09970-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this study, new derivatives of 5,6-diphenyl triazine-thio methyl triazole hybrid were designed, synthesized and evaluated as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease. Among all synthesized compounds, 4a and 4h showed the best inhibitory activities against BACE1 (40% and 37.5% μM inhibition at 50 µM, respectively). Molecular docking studies showed that compound 4a occupied the entire BACE1 enzyme and the thio triazine fragment deeply penetrates into S2 binding site via two hydrogen bonds with Thr72 and Gln73 amino acids. Different aromatic moieties occupy S'2 pocket via hydrophobic interactions. 6-Phenyl ring also had a potential hydrophobic interaction with S1 pocket. In vitro ChE inhibitory assay demonstrated that most of the derivatives exhibited more selectivity toward BuChE than AChE. 4c as the most potent BuChE inhibitor displayed an IC50 value of 6.4 µM, and 4b exhibited AChE inhibitory activity with 25.1% inhibition at 50 μM. Further, molecular docking studies revealed that the thiazolidinones moiety plays a key role in the inhibition mechanism by well fitting into the enzyme bounding pocket. Moreover, molecular docking study of 4a, 4b and 4c with ChE active site was also performed.
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28
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Ganeshpurkar A, Swetha R, Kumar D, Gangaram GP, Singh R, Gutti G, Jana S, Kumar D, Kumar A, Singh SK. Protein-Protein Interactions and Aggregation Inhibitors in Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:501-533. [PMID: 30836921 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190304153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a multifaceted disorder, involves complex pathophysiology and plethora of protein-protein interactions. Thus such interactions can be exploited to develop anti-AD drugs. OBJECTIVE The interaction of dynamin-related protein 1, cellular prion protein, phosphoprotein phosphatase 2A and Mint 2 with amyloid β, etc., studied recently, may have critical role in progression of the disease. Our objective has been to review such studies and their implications in design and development of drugs against the Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Such studies have been reviewed and critically assessed. RESULTS Review has led to show how such studies are useful to develop anti-AD drugs. CONCLUSION There are several PPIs which are current topics of research including Drp1, Aβ interactions with various targets including PrPC, Fyn kinase, NMDAR and mGluR5 and interaction of Mint2 with PDZ domain, etc., and thus have potential role in neurodegeneration and AD. Finally, the multi-targeted approach in AD may be fruitful and opens a new vista for identification and targeting of PPIs in various cellular pathways to find a cure for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Ganeshpurkar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Rayala Swetha
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gore P Gangaram
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ravi Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Gopichand Gutti
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Srabanti Jana
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Sushil K Singh
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, India
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29
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Patel C, Thakur A, Pereira G, Sharma A. Gluconic acid promoted cascade reactions of 2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a] pyridine-3-carbaldehyde with cyclohexane-1,3-dione to create novel fused bisheterocycles. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1606920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chetananda Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Ashima Thakur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Gavin Pereira
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
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30
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Yazdani M, Edraki N, Badri R, Khoshneviszadeh M, Iraji A, Firuzi O. Multi-target inhibitors against Alzheimer disease derived from 3-hydrazinyl 1,2,4-triazine scaffold containing pendant phenoxy methyl-1,2,3-triazole: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2018; 84:363-371. [PMID: 30530107 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurological disorder with diverse underlying pathological processes. Several lines of evidence suggest that BACE1 is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of AD and its inhibition is of particular importance in AD treatment. Ten new 3-hydrazinyl-1,2,4-triazines bearing pendant aryl phenoxy methyl-1,2,3-triazole were synthesized as multifunctional ligands against AD. We show that compounds containing Cl and NO2 groups at the para position of the phenyl ring, namely compounds 7c (IC50 = 8.55 ± 3.37 µM) and 7d (IC50 = 11.42 ± 2.01 µM), possess promising BACE1 inhibitory potential. Furthermore, we assessed the neuroprotective activities of 7c and 7d derivatives in PC12 neuronal cell line, which showed moderate protection against amyloid β peptide toxicity. In addition, compound 7d demonstrated metal chelating activity and moderate antioxidant potential (IC50 = 44.42 ± 7.33 µM). Molecular docking studies of these molecules revealed high-affinity binding to several amino acids of BACE1, which are essential for efficient inhibition. These results demonstrate that 1,2,4-triazine derivatives bearing an aryl phenoxy methyl-1,2,3-triazole have promising properties as therapeutic agents for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Yazdani
- Department of Chemistry, Khozestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Rashid Badri
- Department of Chemistry, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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31
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Heydari Z, Bahadorikhalili S, Ranjbar PR, Mahdavi M. DABCO-modified super-paramagnetic nanoparticles as an efficient and water-compatible catalyst for the synthesis of pyrano[3,2-c
:5,6-c
']dichromene-6,8-dione derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Appl Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Heydari
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; P. O. Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
| | | | - Parviz Rashidi Ranjbar
- School of Chemistry, College of Science; University of Tehran; P. O. Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute; Tehran University of Medical Science; Tehran 14176 Iran
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32
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Seong SH, Ha MT, Min BS, Jung HA, Choi JS. Moracin derivatives from Morus Radix as dual BACE1 and cholinesterase inhibitors with antioxidant and anti-glycation capacities. Life Sci 2018; 210:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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33
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Coimbra JRM, Marques DFF, Baptista SJ, Pereira CMF, Moreira PI, Dinis TCP, Santos AE, Salvador JAR. Highlights in BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Front Chem 2018; 6:178. [PMID: 29881722 PMCID: PMC5977085 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe neurodegenerative disorder and the most common type of dementia in the elderly. The clinical symptoms of AD include a progressive loss of memory and impairment of cognitive functions interfering with daily life activities. The main neuropathological features consist in extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) of hyperphosphorylated Tau. Understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie neurodegeneration in AD is essential for rational design of neuroprotective agents able to prevent disease progression. According to the "Amyloid Cascade Hypothesis" the critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD is the accumulation of Aβ neurotoxic oligomers. Since the proteolytic processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, BACE1) is the rate-limiting step in the production of Aβ, this enzyme is considered a major therapeutic target and BACE1 inhibitors have the potential to be disease-modifying drugs for AD treatment. Therefore, intensive efforts to discover and develop inhibitors that can reach the brain and effectively inhibit BACE1 have been pursued by several groups worldwide. The aim of this review is to highlight the progress in the discovery of potent and selective small molecule BACE1 inhibitors over the past decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R. M. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela F. F. Marques
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Salete J. Baptista
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Chem4Pharma, Edifício IPN IncubadoraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia M. F. Pereira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. P. Dinis
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E. Santos
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of CoimbraCoimbra, Portugal
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Iraji A, Firuzi O, Khoshneviszadeh M, Nadri H, Edraki N, Miri R. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of multi-target triazine derivatives as innovative candidates for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:223-235. [PMID: 29367079 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires using multi-target ligands (MTLs) for disease management. We synthesized, characterized and evaluated a series of novel triazine analogues as MTLs for AD. The biological screening results indicated that most of our compounds displayed potent inhibitory activities against β-site APP-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) using a FRET-based assay. Compounds 6c and 6m were found to possess significant BACE1 inhibitory properties with IC50 values of 0.91 (±0.25) µM and 0.69 (±0.20) µM, respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity evaluation showed that compounds with hydroxyl and pyrrole moieties had antioxidant effects. Docking evaluations provided insight into enzyme inhibitory interactions of novel synthesized compounds with the BACE1 active site involving a critical role for Gln73 and/or Phe108 alongside of Asp32. Metal chelation tests confirmed that compound 6m is a chelator for Fe2+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Cu2+. Moreover 6m as the most potent BACE1 inhibitor did not show any toxicity against PC12 neuronal cells. These findings demonstrate the high potential of triazine scaffolds in the design of MTLs for treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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35
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Iraji A, Firuzi O, Khoshneviszadeh M, Tavakkoli M, Mahdavi M, Nadri H, Edraki N, Miri R. Multifunctional iminochromene-2H-carboxamide derivatives containing different aminomethylene triazole with BACE1 inhibitory, neuroprotective and metal chelating properties targeting Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 141:690-702. [PMID: 29107423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder known for the presence of amyloid beta plaques resulting from the sequential action of β-secretase and γ-secretase on amyloid precursor protein. We developed and synthesized, through click reactions, a new family of iminochromene carboxamides containing different aminomethylene triazole. The BACE1 inhibition, neuroprotective capacity and metal chelation of these derivatives make them ideal candidates against AD. Most of the synthesized compounds were shown to have potent BACE1 inhibitory activity in a FRET assay, with an IC50 value of 2.2 μM for the most potent compound. Moreover, molecular modeling evaluation of these BACE1 inhibitors demonstrates the vital role of the amine and amide linkers through hydrogen bond interactions with key amino acids in the BACE1 active site. Our in vitro neuroprotective evaluations in PC12 neuronal cells of Aβ-induced neuroprotection demonstrated promising activity for most of the compounds as neuroprotective agents. Based on our findings, we propose that introduction of a phthalimide substitute on the triazole ring shown to be interesting multifunctional lead compound worthy of further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Iraji
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omidreza Firuzi
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khoshneviszadeh
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marjan Tavakkoli
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdavi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nadri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Najmeh Edraki
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ramin Miri
- Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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