1
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Wu J, Wang X, Yao Y, Du N, Duan L, Gong P. Design, synthesis and antitumor activities of phthalazinone derivatives as PARP-1 inhibitors and PARP-1/HDAC-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107556. [PMID: 39068717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) have emerged as significant targets in tumor therapy, garnering widespread attention. In this study, we designed and synthesized two novel phthalazinone PARP-1 inhibitors and dual PARP-1/HDAC-1 inhibitors, named DLC-1-46 containing dithiocarboxylate fragments and DLC-47-63 containing hydroxamic acid fragments, and evaluated their inhibitory activities on enzymes and cells. Among the PARP-1 inhibitors, most compounds exhibited high inhibitory activity against the PARP-1 enzyme, with DLC-1-6 being particularly notable, showing IC50 values <0.2 nM. Notably, DLC-1 demonstrated significant anti-proliferative activity, with IC50 values for inhibiting the proliferation of MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells reaching 0.08, 26.39, and 1.01 μM, respectively. Further investigation revealed that DLC-1 arrested MDA-MB-231 cells in the G1 phase and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Among the designed dual PARP-1/HDAC-1 inhibitors, several compounds exhibited potent dual-target inhibitory activity, with DLC-49 displaying IC50 values of 0.53 nM and 17 nM for PARP-1 and HDAC-1, respectively. DLC-50 demonstrated the most potent anti-proliferative activity, with IC50 values for inhibiting the proliferation of MDA-MB-436, MDA-MB-231, and MCF-7 cells at 0.30, 2.70, and 2.41 μM, respectively. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis assays indicated that DLC-50 arrested the cell cycle in the G2 phase and induced apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Our findings present a novel avenue for further exploration of PARP-1 inhibitors and dual PARP-1/HDAC-1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yaning Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liancheng Duan
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ping Gong
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Bai YR, Yang WG, Jia R, Sun JS, Shen DD, Liu HM, Yuan S. The recent advance and prospect of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. Med Res Rev 2024. [PMID: 39180380 DOI: 10.1002/med.22069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapies are commonly used in cancer therapy, their applications are limited to low specificity, severe adverse reactions, and long-term medication-induced drug resistance. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are a novel class of antitumor drugs developed to solve these intractable problems based on the mechanism of DNA damage repair, which have been widely applied in the treatment of ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and other cancers through inducing synthetic lethal effect and trapping PARP-DNA complex in BRCA gene mutated cancer cells. In recent years, PARP inhibitors have been widely used in combination with various first-line chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors to expand the scope of clinical application. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying the drug resistance to PARP inhibitors, including the restoration of homologous recombination, stabilization of DNA replication forks, overexpression of drug efflux protein, and epigenetic modifications pose great challenges and desirability in the development of novel PARP inhibitors. In this review, we will focus on the mechanism, structure-activity relationship, and multidrug resistance associated with the representative PARP inhibitors. Furthermore, we aim to provide insights into the development prospects and emerging trends to offer guidance for the clinical application and inspiration for the development of novel PARP inhibitors and degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei-Guang Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ju-Shan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Endometrial Disease Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou, China
- Gynecology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, School of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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3
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Thakur A, Rana M, Ritika, Mathew J, Nepali S, Pan CH, Liou JP, Nepali K. Small molecule tractable PARP inhibitors: Scaffold construction approaches, mechanistic insights and structure activity relationship. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106893. [PMID: 37783100 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Diverse drug design strategies viz. molecular hybridization, substituent installation, scaffold hopping, isosteric replacement, high-throughput screening, induction and separation of chirality, structure modifications of phytoconstituents and use of structural templates have been exhaustively leveraged in the last decade to load the chemical toolbox of PARP inhibitors. Resultantly, numerous promising scaffolds have been pinpointed that in turn have led to the resuscitation of the credence to PARP inhibitors as cancer therapeutics. This review briefly presents the physiological functions of PARPs, the pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, and the interaction profiles of FDA-approved PARP inhibitors. Comprehensively covered is the section on the drug design strategies employed by drug discovery enthusiasts for furnishing PARP inhibitors. The impact of structural variations in the template of designed scaffolds on enzymatic and cellular activity (structure-activity relationship studies) has been discussed. The insights gained through the biological evaluation such as profiling of physicochemical properties andin vitroADME properties, PK assessments, and high-dose pharmacology are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Ritika
- College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Jacob Mathew
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 106335, Taiwan
| | - Sanya Nepali
- Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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4
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Ramesh S, Almeida SD, Hammigi S, Radhakrishna GK, Sireesha G, Panneerselvam T, Vellingiri S, Kunjiappan S, Ammunje DN, Pavadai P. A Review of PARP-1 Inhibitors: Assessing Emerging Prospects and Tailoring Therapeutic Strategies. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2023; 73:491-505. [PMID: 37890514 DOI: 10.1055/a-2181-0813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic organisms contain an enzyme family called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs), which is responsible for the poly (ADP-ribosylation) of DNA-binding proteins. PARPs are members of the cell signaling enzyme class. PARP-1, the most common isoform of the PARP family, is responsible for more than 90% of the tasks carried out by the PARP family as a whole. A superfamily consisting of 18 PARPs has been found. In order to synthesize polymers of ADP-ribose (PAR) and nicotinamide, the DNA damage nick monitor PARP-1 requires NAD+ as a substrate. The capability of PARP-1 activation to boost the transcription of proinflammatory genes, its ability to deplete cellular energy pools, which leads to cell malfunction and necrosis, and its involvement as a component in the process of DNA repair are the three consequences of PARP-1 activation that are of particular significance in the process of developing new drugs. As a result, the pharmacological reduction of PARP-1 may result in an increase in the cytotoxicity toward cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soundarya Ramesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Shannon D Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Sameerana Hammigi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Govardan Katta Radhakrishna
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Golla Sireesha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Swamy Vivekanandha College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shangavi Vellingiri
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Swamy Vivekananda College of Pharmacy, Elayampalayam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Damodar Nayak Ammunje
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
| | - Parasuraman Pavadai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, M S R Nagar, Bengaluru, India
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5
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Rana M, Thakur A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Lee SB, Liou JP, Nepali K. Prudent tactics to sail the boat of PARP inhibitors as therapeutics for diverse malignancies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2023; 18:1169-1193. [PMID: 37525475 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2241818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION PARP inhibitors block the DNA-repairing mechanism of PARP and represent a promising class of anti-cancer therapy. The last decade has witnessed FDA approvals of several PARP inhibitors, with some undergoing advanced-stage clinical investigation. Medicinal chemists have invested much effort to expand the structure pool of PARP inhibitors. Issues associated with the use of PARP inhibitors that make their standing disconcerting in the pharmaceutical sector have been addressed via the design of new structural assemblages. AREA COVERED In this review, the authors present a detailed account of the medicinal chemistry campaigns conducted in the recent past for the construction of PARP1/PARP2 inhibitors, PARP1 biased inhibitors, and PARP targeting bifunctional inhibitors as well as PARP targeting degraders (PROTACs). Limitations associated with FDA-approved PARP inhibitors and strategies to outwit the limitations are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION The PARP inhibitory field has been rejuvenated with numerous tractable entries in the last decade. With numerous magic bullets in hand coupled with unfolded tactics to outwit the notoriety of cancer cells developing resistance toward PARP inhibitors, the dominance of PARP inhibitors as a sagacious option of targeted therapy is highly likely to be witnessed soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Bau Lee
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program in Clinical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical, University, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Bardasov IN, Alekseeva AU, Ershov OV. Synthesis and Optical Properties of 2-Alkylamino-4-amino-6-arylpyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428022110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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7
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Peng X, Pan W, Jiang F, Chen W, Qi Z, Peng W, Chen J. Selective PARP1 Inhibitors, PARP1-based Dual-Target Inhibitors, PROTAC PARP1 Degraders, and Prodrugs of PARP1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy. Pharmacol Res 2022; 186:106529. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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8
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Guo N, Li MZ, Wang LM, Chen HD, Song SS, Miao ZH, He JX. Repeated treatments of Capan-1 cells with PARP1 and Chk1 inhibitors promote drug resistance, migration and invasion. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:69-82. [PMID: 35000525 PMCID: PMC8812781 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.2024414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PARP1 and Chk1 inhibitors have been shown to be synergistic in different cancer models in relatively short time treatment modes. However, the consequences of long-term/repeated treatments with the combinations in cancer models remain unclear. In this study, the synergistic cytotoxicity of their combinations in 8 tumor cell lines was confirmed in a 7-day exposure mode. Then, pancreatic Capan-1 cells were repeatedly treated with the PARP1 inhibitor olaparib, the Chk1 inhibitor rabusertib or their combination for 211–214 days, during which the changes in drug sensitivity were monitored at a 35-day interval. Unexpectedly, among the 3 treatment modes, the combination treatments resulted in the highest-grade resistance to Chk1 (~14.6 fold) and PARP1 (~420.2 fold) inhibitors, respectively. Consistently, G2/M arrest and apoptosis decreased significantly in the resulting resistant variants exposed to olaparib. All 3 resistant variants also unexpectedly obtained enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities. Moreover, the combination treatments resulted in increased migration and invasion than olaparib alone. The expression of 124 genes changed significantly in all the resistant variants. We further demonstrate that activating CXCL3-ERK1/2 signaling might contribute to the enhanced migratory capabilities rather than the acquired drug resistance. Our findings indicate that repeated treatments with the rabusertib/olaparib combination result in increased drug resistance and a more aggressive cell phenotype than those with either single agent, providing new clues for future clinical anticancer tests of PARP1 and Chk1 inhibitor combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ne Guo
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Zhu Li
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Understanding structural characteristics of PARP-1 inhibitors through combined 3D-QSAR and molecular docking studies and discovery of new inhibitors by multistage virtual screening. Struct Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-021-01765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Singh J, Suryan A, Kumar S, Sharma S. Phthalazinone Scaffold: Emerging Tool in the Development of Target Based Novel Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 20:2228-2245. [PMID: 32767957 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200807220146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phthalazinones are important nitrogen-rich heterocyclic compounds which have been a topic of considerable medicinal interest because of their diversified pharmacological activities. This versatile scaffold forms a common structural feature for many bioactive compounds, which leads to the design and development of novel anticancer drugs with fruitful results. The current review article discusses the progressive development of novel phthalazinone analogues that are targets for various receptors such as PARP, EGFR, VEGFR-2, Aurora kinase, Proteasome, Hedgehog pathway, DNA topoisomerase and P-glycoprotein. It describes mechanistic insights into the anticancer properties of phthalazinone derivatives and also highlights various simple and economical techniques for the synthesis of phthalazinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Singh
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
| | - Amruta Suryan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shweta Sharma
- Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Landran, Punjab, India
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11
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Tian Y, Xie Z, Liao C. Design, synthesis and anticancer activities of novel dual poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1/histone deacetylase-1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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12
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Tian YN, Chen HD, Tian CQ, Wang YQ, Miao ZH. Polymerase independent repression of FoxO1 transcription by sequence-specific PARP1 binding to FoxO1 promoter. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:71. [PMID: 31992690 PMCID: PMC6987093 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2265-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) regulates gene transcription in addition to functioning as a DNA repair factor. Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a transcription factor involved in extensive biological processes. Here, we report that PARP1 binds to two separate motifs on the FoxO1 promoter and represses its transcription in a polymerase-independent manner. Using PARP1-knock out (KO) cells, wild-type-PARP1-complemented cells and catalytic mutant PARP1E988K-reconstituted cells, we investigated transcriptional regulation by PARP1. PARP1 loss led to reduced DNA damage response and ~362-fold resistance to five PARP inhibitors (PARPis) in Ewing sarcoma cells. RNA sequencing showed 492 differentially expressed genes in a PARP1-KO subline, in which the FoxO1 mRNA levels increased up to more than five times. The change in the FoxO1 expression was confirmed at both mRNA and protein levels in different PARP1-KO and complemented cells. Moreover, exogenous PARP1 overexpression reduced the endogenous FoxO1 protein in RD-ES cells. Competitive EMSA and ChIP assays revealed that PARP1 specifically bound to the FoxO1 promoter. DNase I footprinting, mutation analyses, and DNA pulldown FREP assays showed that PARP1 bound to two particular nucleotide sequences separately located at −813 to −826 bp and −1805 to −1828 bp regions on the FoxO1 promoter. Either the PARPi olaparib or the PARP1 catalytic mutation (E988K) did not impair the repression of PARP1 on the FoxO1 expression. Exogenous FoxO1 overexpression did not impair cellular PARPi sensitivity. These findings demonstrate a new PARP1-gene promoter binding mode and a new transcriptional FoxO1 gene repressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chang-Qing Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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13
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Chen HD, Chen CH, Wang YT, Guo N, Tian YN, Huan XJ, Song SS, He JX, Miao ZH. Increased PARP1-DNA binding due to autoPARylation inhibition of PARP1 on DNA rather than PARP1-DNA trapping is correlated with PARP1 inhibitor's cytotoxicity. Int J Cancer 2019; 145:714-727. [PMID: 30675909 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PARP1 inhibitors (PARPis) are used clinically during cancer therapy and are thought to exert their cytotoxicity through PARP1 polymerase inhibition and PARP1-DNA trapping. Here, we showed no significant correlation between PARP1-DNA trapping and cytotoxicity induced by PARPis. We complemented PARP1-knockout sublines with wild-type PARP1 and 11 mutants with different point mutations that affect the polymerase activity. When examining the PARPi talazoparib, the induced cytotoxicity was highly significantly correlated with cellular PARP1 polymerase activity, but not with its PARP1-DNA trapping or polymerase inhibition. Similarly, talazoparib's PARP1-DNA trapping revealed significant correlation with the polymerase activity rather than its inhibition. Differently, however, when evaluating purified wild-type and mutated PARP1, we identified an almost linear relationship between PARPis' inhibiting PARP1 dissociation from DNA and their cytotoxicity in 17 cancer cell lines. In contrast, no significant correlation existed between PARP1 polymerase inhibition in the histone-based systems and the cytotoxicity. After careful comparisons on different methods and detection targets, we conclude that the PARPi-mediated increase in PARP1-DNA binding by inhibiting autoPARylation of PARP1 on DNA rather than in PARP1-DNA trapping is correlated with PARPi's cytotoxicity. Accordingly, we established a new PARPi screening model that more closely predicts cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Dong Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Huizi Chen
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ting Wang
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ne Guo
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Nan Tian
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Xue He
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Anti-Tumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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14
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Jain PG, Patel BD. Medicinal chemistry approaches of poly ADP-Ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1) inhibitors as anticancer agents - A recent update. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 165:198-215. [PMID: 30684797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase1 (PARP1) is a member of 17 membered PARP family having diversified biological functions such as synthetic lethality, DNA repair, apoptosis, necrosis, histone binding etc. It is primarily a chromatin-bound nuclear enzyme that gets activated by DNA damage. It binds to DNA signal- and double-strand breaks, does parylation of target proteins (using NAD+ as a substrate) like histones and other DNA repair proteins and modifies them as a part of DNA repair mechanism. Inhibition of PARP1 prevents the DNA repair and leads to cell death. Clinically, PARP1 Inhibitors have shown their potential in treating BRCAm breast and ovarian cancers and trials are going on for the treatment of other solid tumors like pancreatic, prostate, colorectal etc. as a single agent or in combination. There are currently three FDA approved PARP1 inhibitors namely Olaparib, Rucaparib and Niraparib in the market while Veliparib and Talazoparib are in the late stage of clinical development. All these molecules are nonselective PARP1 inhibitors with concurrent inhibition of PARP2 with similar potency. In addition, resistance to marketed PARP1 inhibitors has been reported. Overall, looking at the success rate of PARP1 inhibitors into various solid tumors, there is an urge of a novel and selective PARP1 inhibitors. This review provides an update on various newer heterocyclic PARP1 inhibitors reported in last three years along with their structural design strategies. We classified them into two main chemical classes; NAD analogues and non-NAD analogues and discussed the medicinal chemistry approaches of each class. To understand the structural features required for in-silico designing of next-generation PARP1 inhibitors, we also reported the crucial amino acid interactions of these inhibitors at the target site. Thus, present review provides the insight on recent development on new lead structures as PARP1 inhibitors, their SAR, an overview of in-vitro and in-vivo screening methods, current challenges and opinion on future designing of more selective and safe PARP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyancy G Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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15
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Recent advances in the synthesis of phthalazin-1(2H)-one core as a relevant pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 161:468-478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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16
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Liu N, Jin Z, Zhang J, Jin J. Antitumor evaluation of novel phenothiazine derivatives that inhibit migration and tubulin polymerization against gastric cancer MGC-803 cells. Invest New Drugs 2018; 37:188-198. [PMID: 30345465 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0682-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Two novel series of 1,2,3-triazole-phenothiazine hybrids and dithiocarbamate-phenothiazine hybrids were designed and synthesized by molecular hybridization strategy. Their antiproliferative activity against three gastric cancer cell lines (MKN28, MGC-803 and MKN45) were evaluated. Among them, hybrid 13h displayed the most potent inhibitory activity against gastric cancer MGC-803 cells with an IC50 value of 1.2 μM. Hybrid 13h could inhibit migration by regulating the expression level of N-cadherin, E-cadherin, Vimentin, and actived-MMP2. Furthermore, it could regulate wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway on MGC-803 cells in a concentration-dependent manner by decreasing the expression level of Wnt5α, β-catenin and TCF4. From the tubulin polymerization assay results in vitro, hybrid 13h was a novel tubulin polymerization inhibitor. By oral administration assay, compound 13h could effectively inhibit MGC-803 xenograft tumor growth in vivo without obvious side effects. In summary, compound 13h might be an orally active antitumor agent with clinical applications to the treatment of gastric cancer. Graphical abstract Antitumor mechanisms of novel phenothiazine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Liu
- Department of pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Zhe Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Jianjun Jin
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
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17
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Li Q, Zhu ZX, Zhang X, Luo W, Chang LP, Chen S, Wang YX, Xie SQ, Chang CC, Wang CJ. The lead optimization of the polyamine conjugate of flavonoid with a naphthalene motif: Synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 146:564-576. [PMID: 29407981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyamine conjugated flavonoid with a naphthalene moiety (ZYY14) displayed excellent therapeutic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, three different series of novel flavonoid-polyamine conjugates were designed and screened against tumor cell lines. The structure-activity relationship study demonstrated the importance of the naphthalene moiety (as the B-ring), the basic side chains in the A-ring, and the methoxy group linked to the C-ring. The optimized compound 9b displayed better antitumor potency in vitro and in vivo than the lead compound ZYY14. Fluorescent assays revealed that 9b could enter cancer cells via polyamine transporter (PAT) and locate in mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. Compound 9b and ZYY14 demonstrated similar apoptotic mechanism in the cytotoxicity studies and stimulated the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, such as p-p38, p-JNK, p53 and Bax. In addition, 9b can initiate autophagy which inhibited the occurrence of apoptosis. Thus, 9b can be used as a valuable lead for the future development of antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Zi-Xin Zhu
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China; Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Li-Ping Chang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- Chemistry Department, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
| | - Song-Qiang Xie
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Cong-Cong Chang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Chao-Jie Wang
- Key Lab of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China.
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18
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Alapour S, Zamisa SJ, Silva JRA, Alves CN, Omondi B, Ramjugernath D, Koorbanally NA. Investigations into the flexibility of the 3D structure and rigid backbone of quinoline by fluorine addition to enhance its blue emission. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00094h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Addition of fluorine to the quinoline structure was found to decrease its intermolecular interactions and influence its 3D structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Alapour
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - S. J. Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - J. R. A. Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - C. N. Alves
- Laboratório de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Naturais
- Universidade Federal do Pará
- Belém
- Brazil
| | - B. Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
| | - D. Ramjugernath
- School of Chemical Engineering
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban 4041
- South Africa
| | - N. A. Koorbanally
- School of Chemistry and Physics
- University of KwaZulu-Natal
- Durban
- South Africa
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