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Yadav S, Pandey A, Mali SN. From lab to nature: Recent advancements in the journey of gastroprotective agents from medicinal chemistry to phytotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116436. [PMID: 38704935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer, affecting 10 % of the global population, results from imbalances in gastric juice pH and diminished mucosal defences. Key underlying factors are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and Helicobacter pylori infection, undermining mucosal resistance. Traditional treatments like proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine-2 (H2) receptor antagonists exhibit drawbacks such as adverse effects, relapses, and drug interactions. This review extensively explores the ethnomedicinal, synthetic and pharmacological facets of various potential peptic ulcer treatments. Rigorous methodologies involving electronic databases, and chemical structure verification via 'PubChem' and 'SciFinder' enhance the review's credibility. The provided information, spanning medicinal insights to intricate pharmacological mechanisms, establishes a robust groundwork for future research and the development of plant-derived or synthetic molecules for peptic ulcers, offering a promising alternative to conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Anima Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Suraj N Mali
- School of Pharmacy, D.Y. Patil University (Deemed to be University), Sector 7, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India.
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2
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S J, A M, P P, G R. Anticandidal Effect of New Imidazole Derivatives Over Aspartic Protease Inhibition. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301276. [PMID: 38175829 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Candidiasis is one of the most serious microbial infections in the world. One of the main virulence factors for Candida albicans is the crucial secretion of aspartic proteases (Saps). Saps are hydrolytic enzymes that play a major role in many fungal pathophysiological processes as well as in many levels of the associations between the fungus and its host. In this work, we report on the synthesis, characterization, and anti-candida agent evaluation of a family of 13 imidazolidine-based aspartate protease inhibitors. In vitro and in silico enzyme inhibition studies have confirmed these compounds' ability to inhibit fungal aspartate protease. Based on the molecular mechanistic value scores from molecular docking and MD simulations, we selected the top compounds 5b (binding energy -13.90 kcal/mol) and 5m (binding energy -12.94 kcal/mol) from among 5a-l based on the molecular mechanistic value scores from molecular docking and MD simulations for use in in vitro validations. In the results, imidazolidine derivatives showed strong aspartic protease inhibition activity. In conclusion, compounds 5b and 5m were found as potent anti-candida agents and screened for further pre-clinical and clinical validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeevitha S
- Department Biochemistry, M S Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore, 54, Karnataka, India
| | - Manikandan A
- Department of Microbiology, M S Ramaiah College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Bangalore, 54, Karnataka, India
| | - Pavan P
- Department of Humanities and Basic Sciences, G. Pulla Reddy Engineering College, Kurnool, 518007, India
| | - Rubalakshmi G
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Salem, 08, India
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Wang M, Zhang C, Zhang Z, Xu X, He Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xia M, Cheng M. Discovery of novel benzimidazole derivatives as potent potassium-competitive acid blockers for the treatment of acid-related diseases. Bioorg Chem 2023; 137:106588. [PMID: 37167705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
H+, K+-ATPase, as the most critical enzyme in gastric acid secretion, has long been an attractive target for the treatment of acid-related diseases. In this study, a series of benzimidazole derivatives were designed and synthesized through conformational restriction and skeleton hopping strategies by using vonoprazan as the lead compound. Among them, compounds A12 (IC50 = 9.32 μM) and A18 (IC50 = 5.83 μM) showed better inhibition at the enzyme level. In addition, gastric acid secretion inhibition was assessed in vivo, and the results showed that A12 and A18 significantly inhibited basal gastric acid secretion, 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2DG) stimulated gastric acid secretion and histamine-stimulated gastric acid secretion. In further in vitro metabolic experiments, A12 and A18 demonstrated excellent stability and low toxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that the p.o. and i.v. half-lives of A18 were 3.21 h and 8.67 ± 1.15 h, respectively. In summary, A18 might be a novel and effective potassium-competitive acid blocker, and this study provides strong support for it use in the treatment of acid-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shengyang 110016, PR China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yichao He
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Harbin Medisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yuqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China; Harbin Medisan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shengyang 110016, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Mingyu Xia
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shengyang 110016, PR China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, PR China.
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de Lócio LL, do Nascimento APS, Santos MB, Gomes JNS, de Medeiros E Silva YMS, Albino SL, Dos Santos VL, de Moura RO. Application of Heterocycles as an Alternative for the Discovery of New Anti-ulcer Compounds: A Mini-Review. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1373-1388. [PMID: 35549862 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220512095559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer is a lesion located in the esophagus, stomach, and upper intestine, caused by an imbalance between acid secretion and the release of protective mucus. This pathology is prevalent in approximately 14% of the world population and is commonly treated with proton pump inhibitors and type 2 histaminergic receptor antagonists, however, these drugs present concerning side effects that may lead to gastric cancer. In this sense, this research aimed to present the main heterocyclics studied in recent years. The screening method for the choice of articles was based on the selection of publications between 2000 and 2021 present in the Science Direct, Web of Science, Capes, and Scielo databases, by using the descriptors ''new derivatives'', "heterocyclics" "antiulcerogenic", "gastroprotective" and "antisecretor". This research showed that the most used rings in the development of antiulcer drugs were benzimidazole, quinazoline, thiazole, and thiadiazole. The results also portray several types of modern in silico, in vitro and in vivo assays, as well as the investigation of different mechanisms of action, with emphasis on proton pump inhibition, type 2 histaminergic receptor blockers, potassium competitive acid blockers, type E prostaglandin agonism, anti-secretory activity and antioxidant action. Additionally, the review evidenced the presence of the nitrogen atom in the heterocyclic ring as a determinant of the potential of the compound. This research suggests new alternatives for the treatment of gastric lesions, which may be more potent and cause fewer side effects than the currently used, and tend to evolve into more advanced studies in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Linhares de Lócio
- State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brasil
| | | | - Mirelly Barbosa Santos
- State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brasil
| | - Joilly Nilce Santana Gomes
- State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brasil
| | | | - Sonaly Lima Albino
- State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brasil
| | - Vanda Lúcia Dos Santos
- State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Olímpio de Moura
- State University of Paraíba, R. Baraúnas, 351, Cidade Universitária, Campina Grande, Paraíba, 58429-500, Brasil
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Brishty SR, Hossain MJ, Khandaker MU, Faruque MRI, Osman H, Rahman SMA. A Comprehensive Account on Recent Progress in Pharmacological Activities of Benzimidazole Derivatives. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:762807. [PMID: 34803707 PMCID: PMC8597275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.762807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules have attracted a great deal of interest among medicinal chemists. Among these potential heterocyclic drugs, benzimidazole scaffolds are considerably prevalent. Due to their isostructural pharmacophore of naturally occurring active biomolecules, benzimidazole derivatives have significant importance as chemotherapeutic agents in diverse clinical conditions. Researchers have synthesized plenty of benzimidazole derivatives in the last decades, amidst a large share of these compounds exerted excellent bioactivity against many ailments with outstanding bioavailability, safety, and stability profiles. In this comprehensive review, we have summarized the bioactivity of the benzimidazole derivatives reported in recent literature (2012-2021) with their available structure-activity relationship. Compounds bearing benzimidazole nucleus possess broad-spectrum pharmacological properties ranging from common antibacterial effects to the world's most virulent diseases. Several promising therapeutic candidates are undergoing human trials, and some of these are going to be approved for clinical use. However, notable challenges, such as drug resistance, costly and tedious synthetic methods, little structural information of receptors, lack of advanced software, and so on, are still viable to be overcome for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shejuti Rahman Brishty
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | | | - Hamid Osman
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. M. Abdur Rahman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Alzhrani ZMM, Alam MM, Nazreen S. Recent advancements on Benzimidazole: A versatile scaffold in medicinal chemistry. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:365-386. [PMID: 33797365 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210331163810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole is nitrogen containing fused heterocycle which has been extensively explored in medicinal chemistry. Benzimidizole nucleus has been found to possess various biological activities such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitubercular and antidiabetic. A number of benzimidazoles such as bendamustine, pantoprazole have been approved for the treatment of various illnesses whereas galeterone and GSK461364 are in clinical trials. The present review article gives an overview about the different biological activities exhibited by the benzimidazole derivatives as well as different methods used for the synthesis of benzimidazole derivatives for the past ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Mahboob Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Nazreen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Albaha University, Albaha. Saudi Arabia
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Králová P, Soural M. Synthesis of 2-Alkylsulfonyl-imidazoles with Three Diversity Positions from Immobilized α-Acylamino Ketones. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2018; 20:467-471. [PMID: 29969011 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.8b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of novel imidazole derivatives via immobilized α-acylamino ketones is reported in this article. The key intermediates were prepared from the Wang-piperazine resin-supported Fmoc-amino acids. After their sulfonylation with 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride (4-Nos-Cl), followed by alkylation with α-bromoketones and cleavage of Nos group, the resulting α-acylamino ketones were reacted with Fmoc-isothiocyanate. The corresponding Fmoc-thioureas were subjected to the Fmoc-cleavage and spontaneous ring-closure to imidazole scaffold. The resulting imidazole-thiones were alkylated with alkyl halides and oxidized using meta-chloroperbenzoic acid ( mCPBA). Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)-mediated cleavage yielded the corresponding trisubstituted 2-alkylsulfonyl imidazoles in good crude purity and acceptable overall yields. In the case of sulfides, prepared from alkyl bromides, the unexpected products brominated at the C4 position of the imidazole were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Králová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Soural
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry,Palacký University, Hněvotínská 5, 779 00, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Synthesis and drug efficacy validations of racemic-substituted benzimidazoles as antiulcer/antigastric secretion agents. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:1805-1820. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Due to their effective binding affinity to receptors which are responsible for various diseases, benzimidazoles are often bioactive. Present study intended and carried out to synthesis, characterize and develop benzimidazole-based antiulcer drugs. Materials & methods: Established 8a–l were evaluated for gastric antisecretory/antiulcer properties using freshly prepared H+-K+-ATPase from goat fundus mucosa. Molecular docking was carried out to unveil best binding affinities with H+-K+-ATPase (protein data bank ID: 2XZB). Results: The obtained least inhibitory constant of 8a–l (18–92 nM) was comparable to the in vitro H+-K+-ATPase inhibition (IC50: 24–122 nM). Furthermore, the lethal effect of 8a–l to colon cancerous cells and nonharm effect to the normal cells was recognized through cytotoxicity studies. Conclusion: After all in silico, in vitro experimental and structure–activity relationship predictions, the antiulcer druggability potential of 8a–l was recognized. A future drug development study for the most potent compounds among 8a–l is strongly indorsed.
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