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Jeanneteau F. Stress and the risk of Alzheimer dementia: Can deconstructed engrams be rebuilt? J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13235. [PMID: 36775895 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The exact neuropathological mechanism by which the dementia process unfolds is under intense scrutiny. The disease affects about 38 million people worldwide, 70% of which are clinically diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (AD). If the destruction of synapses essential for learning, planning and decision-making is part of the problem, must the restoration of previously lost synapses be part of the solution? It is plausible that neuronal capacity to restitute information corresponds with the adaptive capacity of its connectivity reserve. A challenge will be to promote the functional connectivity that can compensate for the lost one. This will require better clarification of the remodeling of functional connectivity during the progression of AD dementia and its reversal upon experimental treatment. A major difficulty is to promote the neural pathways that are atrophied in AD dementia while suppressing others that are bolstered. Therapeutic strategies should aim at scaling functional connectivity to a just balance between the atrophic and hypertrophic systems. However, the exact factors that can help reach this objective are still unclear. Similarities between the effects of chronic stress and some neuropathological mechanisms underlying AD dementia support the idea that common components deserve prime attention as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy Jeanneteau
- Institut de génomique fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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2
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Sazali Hamzah A, Fazli Mohammat M, Wibowo A, Shaameri Z, Nur Ain Abdul Rashid F, Hidayah Pungot N. Five-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles as New Lead Compounds in Drug Discovery. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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3
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Puigoriol-Illamola D, Companys-Alemany J, McGuire K, Homer NZM, Leiva R, Vázquez S, Mole DJ, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M. Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 Ameliorates Cognition and Molecular Detrimental Changes after Chronic Mild Stress in SAMP8 Mice. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101040. [PMID: 34681264 PMCID: PMC8540242 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glucocorticoid (GC) signaling is a significant factor in aging, stress, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, the study of GC-mediated stress responses to chronic moderately stressful situations, which occur in daily life, is of huge interest for the design of pharmacological strategies toward the prevention of neurodegeneration. To address this issue, SAMP8 mice were exposed to the chronic mild stress (CMS) paradigm for 4 weeks and treated with RL-118, an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) inhibitor. The inhibition of this enzyme is linked with a reduction in GC levels and cognitive improvement, while CMS exposure has been associated with reduced cognitive performance. The aim of this project was to assess whether RL-118 treatment could reverse the deleterious effects of CMS on cognition and behavioral abilities and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms that compromise healthy aging in SAMP8 mice. First, we confirmed the target engagement between RL-118 and 11β-HSD1. Additionally, we showed that DNA methylation, hydroxymethylation, and histone phosphorylation were decreased by CMS induction, and increased by RL-118 treatment. In addition, CMS exposure caused the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced damage and increased pro-oxidant enzymes-as well as pro-inflammatory mediators-through the NF-κB pathway and astrogliosis markers, such as GFAP. Of note, these modifications were reversed by 11β-HSD1 inhibition. Remarkably, although CMS altered mTORC1 signaling, autophagy was increased in the SAMP8 RL-118-treated mice. We also showed an increase in amyloidogenic processes and a decrease in synaptic plasticity and neuronal remodeling markers in mice under CMS, which were consequently modified by RL-118 treatment. In conclusion, 11β-HSD1 inhibition through RL-118 ameliorated the detrimental effects induced by CMS, including epigenetic and cognitive disturbances, indicating that GC-excess attenuation shows potential as a therapeutic strategy for age-related cognitive decline and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Companys-Alemany
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kris McGuire
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (K.M.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Natalie Z. M. Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK;
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (R.L.); (S.V.)
| | - Damian J. Mole
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK; (K.M.); (D.J.M.)
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (D.P.-I.); (J.C.-A.); (C.G.-F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Passeig Vall d’Hebron 171, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-4024531
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Watermeyer T, Robb C, Gregory S, Udeh-Momoh C. Therapeutic implications of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal-axis modulation in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review of pharmacological and lifestyle interventions. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 60:100877. [PMID: 33045258 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
With disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) still elusive, the search for alternative intervention strategies has intensified. Growing evidence suggests that dysfunction in hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal-axis (HPAA) activity may contribute to the development of AD pathology. The HPAA, may therefore offer a novel target for therapeutic action. This review summarises and critically evaluates animal and human studies investigating the effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological intervention on HPAA modulation alongside cognitive performance. The interventions discussed include glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors as well as lifestyle treatments such as physical activity, diet, sleep and contemplative practices. Pharmacological HPAA modulators improve pathology and cognitive deficit in animal AD models, but human pharmacological trials are yet to provide definitive support for such benefits. Lifestyle interventions may offer promising strategies for HPAA modification and cognitive health, but several methodological caveats across these studies were identified. Directions for future research in AD studies are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamlyn Watermeyer
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK; Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catherine Robb
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Edinburgh Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chinedu Udeh-Momoh
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; Translational Health Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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Gregory S, Hill D, Grey B, Ketelbey W, Miller T, Muniz-Terrera G, Ritchie CW. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor use in human disease-a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Metabolism 2020; 108:154246. [PMID: 32333937 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) is an intracellular enzyme that catalyses conversion of cortisone into cortisol; correspondingly, 11β-HSD1 inhibitors inhibit this conversion. This systematic review focuses on the use of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors in diseases known to be associated with abnormalities in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. METHODS The databases screened for suitable papers were: MedLine, EMBASE, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central. RESULTS 1925 papers were identified, of which 29 were included in the final narrative synthesis. 11β-HSD1 and its inhibitors have been studied in diabetes, obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher expression of 11β-HSD1 is seen in obesity and MetS, but has not yet been described in obesity or AD. Genetic studies identify 11β-HSD1 SNPs of interest in populations with diabetes, MetS, and AD. One phase II trial successfully reduced HbA1c in a diabetic population, however trials in MetS, obesity, and AD have not met primary endpoints. CONCLUSIONS Translation of this research from preclinical studies has proved challenging so far, however this is a growing area of research and more studies should focus on understanding the complex relationships between 11β-HSD1 and disease pathology, especially given the therapeutic potential of 11β-HSD1 inhibitors in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gregory
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - David Hill
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ben Grey
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Puigoriol-Illamola D, Leiva R, Vázquez-Carrera M, Vázquez S, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M. 11β-HSD1 Inhibition Rescues SAMP8 Cognitive Impairment Induced by Metabolic Stress. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:551-565. [PMID: 31399953 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01708-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ageing and obesity have been shown to increase the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Besides, elevated glucocorticoid (GCs) levels cause metabolic stress and have been associated with the neurodegenerative process. Direct pieces of evidence link the reduction of GCs caused by the inhibition of 11β-HSD type 1 (11β-HSD1) with cognitive improvement. In the present study, we investigated the beneficial effects of 11β-HSD1 inhibitor (i) RL-118 after high-fat diet (HFD) treatment in the senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8). We found an improvement in glucose intolerance induced by HFD in mice treated with RL-118, a significant reduction in 11β-HSD1 and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein levels. Furthermore, specific modifications in the FGF21 activation after treatment with 11β-HSD1i, RL-118, which induced changes in SIRT1/PGC1α/AMPKα pathway, were found. Oxidative stress (OS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as inflammatory markers and microglial activation, were significantly diminished in HFD mice treated with 11β-HSD1i. Remarkably, treatment with 11β-HSD1i altered PERK pathway in both diet groups, increasing autophagy only in HFD mice group. After RL-118 treatment, a decrease in glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3β) activation, Tau hyperphosphorylation, BACE1 protein levels and the product β-CTF were found. Increases in the non-amyloidogenic secretase ADAM10 protein levels and the product sAPPα were found in both treated mice, regardless of the diet. Consequently, beneficial effects on social behaviour and cognitive performance were found in treated mice. Thus, our results support the therapeutic strategy of selective 11β-HSD1i for the treatment of age-related cognitive decline and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolors Puigoriol-Illamola
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Vázquez-Carrera
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Catalyst-free three-component synthesis of new pyrrolidine derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11β-HSD1 Inhibition by RL-118 Promotes Autophagy and Correlates with Reduced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Enhancing Cognitive Performance in SAMP8 Mouse Model. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:8904-8915. [PMID: 29611102 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Elevated glucocorticoid (GC) exposure is widely accepted as a key factor in the age-related cognitive decline in rodents and humans. 11β-HSD1 is a key enzyme in the GCs pathway, catalyzing the conversion of 11β-dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone in mice, with possible implications in neurodegenerative processes and cognitive impairment. Here, we determined the effect of a new 11β-HSD1 inhibitor, RL-118, administered to 12-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse-prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with neuropathological AD-like hallmarks and widely used as a rodent model of cognitive dysfunction. Behavioral tests (open field and object location) and neurodegeneration molecular markers were studied. After RL-118 treatment, increased locomotor activity and cognitive performance were found. Likewise, we found changes in hippocampal autophagy markers such as Beclin1, LC3B, AMPKα, and mTOR, indicating a progression in the autophagy process. In line with autophagy increase, a diminution in phosphorylated tau species (Ser 396 and Ser 404) jointly with an increase in ADAM10 and sAPPα indicated that an improvement in removing the abnormal proteins by autophagy might be implicated in the neuroprotective role of the 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. In addition, gene expression of oxidative stress (OS) and inflammatory markers, such as Hmox1, Aldh2, Il-1β, and Ccl3, were reduced in old treated mice in comparison to that of the control group. Consistent with this, we further demonstrate a significant correlation with autophagy markers and cognitive improvement and significant inverse correlation with autophagy, OS, and neuroinflammation markers. We concluded that inhibition of 11β-HSD1 by RL-118 prevented neurodegenerative processes and cognitive decline, acting on autophagy process, being an additional neuroprotective mechanism not described previously.
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Leiva R, McBride A, Binnie M, Webster SP, Vázquez S. Exploring N-acyl-4-azatetracyclo[5.3.2.0 2,6.0 8,10]dodec-11-enes as 11β-HSD1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030536. [PMID: 29495550 PMCID: PMC6017749 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently found that a cyclohexanecarboxamide derived from 4-azatetracyclo[5.3.2.02,6.08,10]dodec-11-ene displayed low nanomolar inhibition of 11β-HSD1. In continuation of our efforts to discover potent and selective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors, herein we explored several replacements for the cyclohexane ring. Some derivatives exhibited potent inhibitory activity against human 11β-HSD1, although with low selectivity over the isoenzyme 11β-HSD2, and poor microsomal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Leiva
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrew McBride
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Margaret Binnie
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Scott P Webster
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Kotha S, Pulletikurti S. Synthesis of propellanes containing a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene unitviathe Diels–Alder reaction and ring-closing metathesis as key steps. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14906-14915. [PMID: 35541332 PMCID: PMC9079985 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02687d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and convenient method to synthesize propellane derivatives containing a bicyclo[2.2.2]octene unit which are structurally similar to 11β-HSD1 inhibitors by sequential usage of the Diels–Alder reaction, C-allylation and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
- Mumbai-400 076
- India
| | - Sunil Pulletikurti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay
- Mumbai-400 076
- India
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