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Xiu Y, Zhang Y, Yang S, Shi L, Xing D, Wang C. Design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of diarylpyrimidine derivatives as novel microtubule destabilizers. Front Chem 2024; 12:1447831. [PMID: 39119517 PMCID: PMC11306069 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1447831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, a series of new diarylpyrimidine derivatives as microtubule destabilizers were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anticancer activities. Based on restriction configuration strategy, we introduced the pyrimidine moiety containing the hydrogen-bond acceptors as cis-olefin bond of CA-4 analogs to improve structural stability. Compounds 11a-t exerted antiproliferative activities against three human cancer cell lines (SGC-7901, HeLa, and MCF-7), due to tubulin polymerization inhibition, showing high selectivity toward cancer cells in comparison with non-tumoral HSF cells, as evidenced by MTT assays. In mechanistic investigations, compound 11s remarkably inhibited tubulin polymerization and disorganized microtubule in SGC-7901 cells by binding to tubulin. Moreover, 11s caused G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in SGC-7901 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, molecular modeling analysis revealed that 11s interacts with tubulin through binding to the colchicine site. In addition, the prediction of physicochemical properties disclosed that 11s conformed well to the Lipinski's rule of five. This work offered a fresh viewpoint for the discovery of new tubulin-targeting anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutao Xiu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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2
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Xue Y, Zhai J. Strategy of combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with other therapies and mechanisms of resistance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2024; 17:189-207. [PMID: 39114502 PMCID: PMC11301413 DOI: 10.62347/hgni4903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Cell cycle-dependent protein kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) is a crucial kinase that regulates the cell cycle, essential for cell division and proliferation. Hence, combining CDK4/6 inhibitors with other anti-tumor drugs is a pivotal clinical strategy. This strategy can efficiently inhibit the growth and division of tumor cells, reduce the side effects, and improve the quality of life of patients by reducing the dosage of combined anticancer drugs. Furthermore, the combination therapy strategy of CDK4/6 inhibitors could ameliorate the drug resistance of combined drugs and overcome the CDK4/6 resistance caused by CDK4/6 inhibitors. Various tumor treatment strategies combined with CDK4/6 inhibitors have entered the clinical trial stage, demonstrating their substantial clinical potential. This study reviews the research progress of CDK4/6 inhibitors from 2018 to 2022, the related resistance mechanism of CDK4/6 inhibitors, and the strategy of combination medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Xue
- Tianjin University, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (SPST)Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zhai
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022, Zhejiang, China
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3
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Xiong S, Song K, Xiang H, Luo G. Dual-target inhibitors based on ERα: Novel therapeutic approaches for endocrine resistant breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116393. [PMID: 38588626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), a nuclear transcription factor, is a well-validated therapeutic target for more than 70% of all breast cancers (BCs). Antagonizing ERα either by selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs) forms the foundation of endocrine therapy and has achieved great success in the treatment of ERα positive (ERα+) BCs. Unfortunately, despite initial effectiveness, endocrine resistance eventually emerges in up to 30% of ERα+ BC patients and remains a significant medical challenge. Several mechanisms implicated in endocrine resistance have been extensively studied, including aberrantly activated growth factor receptors and downstream signaling pathways. Hence, the crosstalk between ERα and another oncogenic signaling has led to surge of interest to develop combination therapies and dual-target single agents. This review briefly introduces the synergisms between ERα and another anticancer target and summarizes the recent advances of ERα-based dual-targeting inhibitors from a medicinal chemistry perspective. Accordingly, their rational design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and biological activities are also dissected to provide some perspectives on future directions for ERα-based dual target drug discovery in BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Xiong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hua Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Guoshun Luo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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4
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Bózsity N, Nagy V, Szabó J, Pálházi B, Kele Z, Resch V, Paragi G, Zupkó I, Minorics R, Mernyák E. Synthesis of Estrone Heterodimers and Evaluation of Their In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4274. [PMID: 38673860 PMCID: PMC11050183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Directed structural modifications of natural products offer excellent opportunities to develop selectively acting drug candidates. Natural product hybrids represent a particular compound group. The components of hybrids constructed from different molecular entities may result in synergic action with diminished side effects. Steroidal homo- or heterodimers deserve special attention owing to their potentially high anticancer effect. Inspired by our recently described antiproliferative core-modified estrone derivatives, here, we combined them into heterodimers via Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The two trans-16-azido-3-(O-benzyl)-17-hydroxy-13α-estrone derivatives were reacted with 3-O-propargyl-D-secoestrone alcohol or oxime. The antiproliferative activities of the four newly synthesized dimers were evaluated against a panel of human adherent gynecological cancer cell lines (cervical: Hela, SiHa, C33A; breast: MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-361; ovarian: A2780). One heterodimer (12) exerted substantial antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines in the submicromolar or low micromolar range. A pronounced proapoptotic effect was observed by fluorescent double staining and flow cytometry on three cervical cell lines. Additionally, cell cycle blockade in the G2/M phase was detected, which might be a consequence of the effect of the dimer on tubulin polymerization. Computational calculations on the taxoid binding site of tubulin revealed potential binding of both steroidal building blocks, mainly with hydrophobic interactions and water bridges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémi Bózsity
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Viktória Nagy
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Johanna Szabó
- Department of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Balázs Pálházi
- Department of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.S.); (B.P.)
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (V.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Vivien Resch
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (V.R.); (G.P.)
| | - Gábor Paragi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (Z.K.); (V.R.); (G.P.)
- Institute of Physics, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7625 Pécs, Hungary
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos krt. 84-86, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Renáta Minorics
- Institute of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (N.B.); (V.N.)
| | - Erzsébet Mernyák
- Department of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (J.S.); (B.P.)
- Institute of Pharmacognosy, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Nagy A, Börzsei D, Hoffmann A, Török S, Veszelka M, Almási N, Varga C, Szabó R. A Comprehensive Overview on Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Insights into the Underlying Inflammatory and Oxidative Mechanisms. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024:10.1007/s10557-024-07574-0. [PMID: 38492161 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-024-07574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
While oncotherapy has made rapid progress in recent years, side effects of anti-cancer drugs and treatments have also come to the fore. These side effects include cardiotoxicity, which can cause irreversible cardiac damages with long-term morbidity and mortality. Despite the continuous in-depth research on anti-cancer drugs, an improved knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are necessary for early detection and management of cardiac risk. Although most reviews focus on the cardiotoxic effect of a specific individual chemotherapeutic agent, the aim of our review is to provide comprehensive insight into various agents that induced cardiotoxicity and their underlying mechanisms. Characterization of these mechanisms are underpinned by research on animal models and clinical studies. In order to gain insight into these complex mechanisms, we emphasize the role of inflammatory processes and oxidative stress on chemotherapy-induced cardiac changes. A better understanding and identification of the interplay between chemotherapy and inflammatory/oxidative processes hold some promise to prevent or at least mitigate cardiotoxicity-associated morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Nagy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Denise Börzsei
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Török
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Médea Veszelka
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Almási
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Csaba Varga
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Renáta Szabó
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép Fasor 52, 6726, Szeged, Hungary.
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Salarinejad S, Seyfi S, Hayashi S, Moghimi S, Toolabi M, Taslimi P, Firoozpour L, Usui T, Foroumadi A. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new biaryl derivatives of cycloalkyl diacetamide bearing chalcone moiety as type II c-MET kinase inhibitors. Mol Divers 2024:10.1007/s11030-024-10807-x. [PMID: 38466553 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-024-10807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Many human cancers have been associated with the deregulation of the mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor tyrosine kinase (MET) receptor, a promising drug target for anticancer drug discovery. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel structure of potent chalcone-based derivatives type II c-Met inhibitors which are comparable to Foretinib (IC50 = 14 nM) as a potent reference drug. Based on our design strategy, we also expected an anti-tubulin activity for the compounds. However, the weak inhibitory effects on microtubules were confirmed by cell cycle analyses implicated that the observed cytotoxicity against HeLa cells probably was not derived from tubulin inhibition. Compounds 14q and 14k with IC50 values of 24 nM and 45 nM, respectively, demonstrated favorable inhibition of MET kinase activity, and desirable bonding interactions in the ligand-MET enzyme complex stability in molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Salarinejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Seyfi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seiko Hayashi
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Setareh Moghimi
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Toolabi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parham Taslimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Bartin University, 74100, Bartin, Turkey
| | - Loghman Firoozpour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Takeo Usui
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Alireza Foroumadi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Drug Design and Development Research Center, The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Gao Z, Huang E, Wang W, Xu L, Xu W, Zheng T, Rui M. Patronin regulates presynaptic microtubule organization and neuromuscular junction development in Drosophila. iScience 2024; 27:108944. [PMID: 38318379 PMCID: PMC10839449 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Synapses are fundamental components of the animal nervous system. Synaptic cytoskeleton is essential for maintaining proper neuronal development and wiring. Perturbations in neuronal microtubules (MTs) are correlated with numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite discovering multiple synaptic MT regulators, the importance of MT stability, and particularly the polarity of MT in synaptic function, is still under investigation. Here, we identify Patronin, an MT minus-end-binding protein, for its essential role in presynaptic regulation of MT organization and neuromuscular junction (NMJ) development. Analyses indicate that Patronin regulates synaptic development independent of Klp10A. Subsequent research elucidates that it is short stop (Shot), a member of the Spectraplakin family of large cytoskeletal linker molecules, works synergistically with Patronin to govern NMJ development. We further raise the possibility that normal synaptic MT polarity contributes to proper NMJ morphology. Overall, this study demonstrates an unprecedented role of Patronin, and a potential involvement of MT polarity in synaptic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Gao
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Erqian Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wanting Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lizhong Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Wanyue Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, the Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Moreira J, Silva PMA, Castro E, Saraiva L, Pinto M, Bousbaa H, Cidade H. BP-M345 as a Basis for the Discovery of New Diarylpentanoids with Promising Antimitotic Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1691. [PMID: 38338967 PMCID: PMC10855865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the diarylpentanoid BP-M345 (5) has been identified as a potent in vitro growth inhibitor of cancer cells, with a GI50 value between 0.17 and 0.45 µM, showing low toxicity in non-tumor cells. BP-M345 (5) promotes mitotic arrest by interfering with mitotic spindle assembly, leading to apoptotic cell death. Following on from our previous work, we designed and synthesized a library of BP-M345 (5) analogs and evaluated the cell growth inhibitory activity of three human cancer cell lines within this library in order to perform structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and to obtain compounds with improved antimitotic effects. Four compounds (7, 9, 13, and 16) were active, and the growth inhibition effects of compounds 7, 13, and 16 were associated with a pronounced arrest in mitosis. These compounds exhibited a similar or even higher mitotic index than BP-M345 (5), with compound 13 displaying the highest antimitotic activity, associated with the interference with mitotic spindle dynamics, inducing spindle collapse and, consequently, prolonged mitotic arrest, culminating in massive cancer cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Patrícia M. A. Silva
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.M.A.S.); (E.C.)
- 1H-TOXRUN—One Health Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Eliseba Castro
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.M.A.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Lucília Saraiva
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Hassan Bousbaa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (P.M.A.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (J.M.); (M.P.)
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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Bhargava S, Kulkarni R, Dewangan B, Kulkarni N, Jiaswar C, Kumar K, Kumar A, Bodhe PR, Kumar H, Sahu B. Microtubule stabilising peptides: new paradigm towards management of neuronal disorders. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:2192-2205. [PMID: 37974959 PMCID: PMC10650357 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cells made of soma, axon, and dendrites are highly compartmentalized and possess a specialized transport system that can convey long-distance electrical signals for the cross-talk. The transport system is made up of microtubule (MT) polymers and MT-binding proteins. MTs play vital and diverse roles in various cellular processes. Therefore, defects and dysregulation of MTs and their binding proteins lead to many neurological disorders as exemplified by Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and many others. MT-stabilising agents (MSAs) altering the MT-associated protein connections have shown great potential for several neurodegenerative disorders. Peptides are an important class of molecules with high specificity, biocompatibility and are devoid of side effects. In the past, peptides have been explored in various neuronal disorders as therapeutics. Davunetide, a MT-stabilising octapeptide, has entered into phase II clinical trials for schizophrenia. Numerous examples of peptides emerging as MSAs reflect the emergence of a new paradigm for peptides which can be explored further as drug candidates for neuronal disorders. Although small molecule-based MSAs have been reviewed in the past, there is no systematic review in recent years focusing on peptides as MSAs apart from davunetide in 2013. Therefore, a systematic updated review on MT stabilising peptides may shed light on many hidden aspects and enable researchers to develop new therapies for diseases related to the CNS. In this review we have summarised the recent examples of peptides as MSAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangi Bhargava
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Riya Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Bhaskar Dewangan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Neeraj Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Chirag Jiaswar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Kunal Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Praveen Reddy Bodhe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
| | - Bichismita Sahu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad India
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10
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Wu D, Li Y, Zheng L, Xiao H, Ouyang L, Wang G, Sun Q. Small molecules targeting protein-protein interactions for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4060-4088. [PMID: 37799384 PMCID: PMC10547922 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are fundamental to many biological processes that play an important role in the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. Targeting the interaction between tumour-related proteins with emerging small molecule drugs has become an attractive approach for treatment of human diseases, especially tumours. Encouragingly, selective PPI-based therapeutic agents have been rapidly advancing over the past decade, providing promising perspectives for novel therapies for patients with cancer. In this review we comprehensively clarify the discovery and development of small molecule modulators of PPIs from multiple aspects, focusing on PPIs in disease, drug design and discovery strategies, structure-activity relationships, inherent dilemmas, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lang Zheng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Xiao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qiu Sun
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Innovation Center of Nursing Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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11
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Yang H, Zhang T, Chen C, Chiang C, Chen K, Wu Y, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Zhu L, Zheng D. Laxiflorin B covalently binds the tubulin colchicine-binding site to inhibit triple negative breast cancer proliferation and induce apoptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 383:110681. [PMID: 37648048 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Laxiflorin B is a natural ent-kaurane diterpenoid that can be isolated from the leaves of the Isodon eriocalyx var. laxiflora, a perennial shrub native to parts of China. While this compound has potent cytotoxic activity against various tumor cells, the anti-tumor targets and molecular mechanisms of Laxiflorin B are unclear. Here, we show that Laxiflorin B exhibits strong antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. At the mechanistic level, we show that β-tubulin (TUBB) is a cellular target of Laxiflorin B. By covalently binding the Cys239 and C354 residues of the TUBB colchicine-binding site, Laxiflorin B disturbs microtubule integrity and structure in vitro and in vivo. Cytotoxicity analyses also showed that the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl in the D ring of Laxiflorin B is responsible for mediating its covalent binding and anti-tumor activity. To assess the therapeutic effects of Laxiflorin B, we synthesized a Laxiflorin B-ALA pro-drug and delivered it by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) into a 4T1 orthotopic tumor mouse model. Drug treatment had anti-tumor effects without inducing notable weight loss or organ dysfunction. We conclude that Laxiflorin B is a promising colchicine binding site inhibitor that might be exploited in the context of TNBC treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunlan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chengyao Chiang
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Yantian Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhengxin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lizhi Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Duo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Disease Prevention, International Cancer Center, Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences; School of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine); Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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12
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Ramesh Babu PB. Prediction of anti-microtubular target proteins of tubulins and their interacting proteins using Gene Ontology tools. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:78. [PMID: 37466845 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulins are highly conserved globular proteins involved in stabilization of cellular cytoskeletal microtubules during cell cycle. Different isoforms of tubulins are differentially expressed in various cell types, and their protein-protein interactions (PPIs) analysis will help in identifying the anti-microtubular drug targets for cancer and neurological disorders. Numerous web-based PPIs analysis methods are recently being used, and in this paper, I used Gene Ontology (GO) tools, e.g., Stringbase, ProteomeHD, GeneMANIA, and ShinyGO, to identify anti-microtubular target proteins by selecting strongly interacting proteins of tubulins. RESULTS I used 6 different human tubulin isoforms (two from each of α-, β-, and γ-tubulin) and found several thousands of node-to-node protein interactions (highest 4956 in GeneMANIA) and selected top 10 strongly interacting node-to-node interactions with highest score, which included 7 tubulin family protein and 6 non-tubulin family proteins (total 13). Functional enrichment analysis indicated a significant role of these 13 proteins in nucleation, polymerization or depolymerization of microtubules, membrane tethering and docking, dorsal root ganglion development, mitotic cycle, and cytoskeletal organization. I found γ-tubulins (TUBG1, TUBGCP4, and TUBBGCP6) were known to contribute majorly for tubulin-associated functions followed by α-tubulin (TUBA1A) and β-tubulins (TUBB AND TUBB3). In PPI results, I found several non-tubular proteins interacting with tubulins, and six of them (HTT, DPYSL2, SKI, UNC5C, NINL, and DDX41) were found closely associated with their functions. CONCLUSIONS Increasing number of regulatory proteins and subpopulation of tubulin proteins are being reported with poor understanding in their association with microtubule assembly and disassembly. The functional enrichment analysis of tubulin isoforms using recent GO tools resulted in identification of γ-tubulins playing a key role in microtubule functions and observed non-tubulin family of proteins HTT, DPYSL2, SKI, UNC5C, NINL, and DDX41 strongly interacting functional proteins of tubulins. The present study yields a promising model system using GO tools to narrow down tubulin-associated proteins as a drug target in cancer, Alzheimer's, neurological disorders, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polani B Ramesh Babu
- Center for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Bharath Institute of Science and Technology, Selaiyur, Tambaram, Chennai, India.
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13
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Gallego-Yerga L, Chiliquinga AJ, Peláez R. Novel Tetrazole Derivatives Targeting Tubulin Endowed with Antiproliferative Activity against Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11093. [PMID: 37446273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing awareness of the structure of microtubules has made tubulin a relevant target for the research of novel chemotherapies. Furthermore, the particularly high sensitivity of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells to microtubule disruption could open new doors in the search for new anti-GBM treatments. However, the difficulties in developing potent anti-tubulin drugs endowed with improved pharmacokinetic properties necessitates the expansion of medicinal chemistry campaigns. The application of an ensemble pharmacophore screening methodology helped to optimize this process, leading to the development of a new tetrazole-based tubulin inhibitor. Considering this scaffold, we have synthesized a new family of tetrazole derivatives that achieved remarkable antimitotic effects against a broad panel of cancer cells, especially against GBM cells, showing high selectivity in comparison with non-tumor cells. The compounds also exerted high aqueous solubility and were demonstrated to not be substrates of efflux pumps, thus overcoming the main limitations that are usually associated with tubulin binding agents. Tubulin polymerization assays, immunofluorescence experiments, and flow cytometry studies demonstrated that the compounds target tubulin and arrest cells at the G2/M phase followed by induction of apoptosis. The docking experiments agreed with the proposed interactions at the colchicine site and explained the structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gallego-Yerga
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Rafael Peláez
- Laboratorio de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Centro de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales de la Universidad de Salamanca (CIETUS), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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14
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Ahmed S, Alam W, Alsharif KF, Aschner M, Alzahrani FM, Saso L, Khan H. Therapeutic potential of marine peptides in malignant melanoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115771. [PMID: 36967001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is becoming more common globally and is increasingly resistant to treatment options. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, there are still no proven cures for metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, current treatments are frequently ineffective and costly, and have several adverse effects. Natural substances have been extensively researched for their anti-MM capabilities. Chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy with natural products is an emerging strategy to prevent, cure or treat melanoma. Numerous prospective drugs are found in aquatic species, providing a plentiful supply of lead cytotoxic chemicals for cancer treatment. Anticancer peptides are less harmful to healthy cells and cure cancer through several different methods, such as altered cell viability, apoptosis, angiogenesis/metastasis suppression, microtubule balance disturbances and targeting lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane. This review addresses marine peptides as effective and safe treatments for MM and details their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer"Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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15
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Song J, Liu S, Ren Y, Zhang X, Zhao B, Wang X, Li Y. Organotin Benzohydroxamate Derivatives (OTBH) Target Colchicine-binding Site Exerting Potent Antitumor Activity both in Vitro and Vivo Revealed by Quantitative Proteomic Analysis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023:106488. [PMID: 37302769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The activity of four typical organotin benzohydroxamate compounds (OTBH) with the different electronegativity of fluorine and chlorine atoms was assessed both in vitro and in vivo, revealing that they all exhibited notable antitumor effects. Furthermore, it was discovered that the biochemical capacity against cancer was influenced by their substituents' electronegativity and structural symmetry. For instance, benzohydroxamate derivatives with single chlorine at the fourth site on the benzene ring, two normal-butyl organic ligands, a symmetrical structure, and so on ([n-Bu2Sn[{4-ClC6H4C(O)NHO}2] (OTBH-1)) had stronger antitumor activity than others. Furthermore, the quantitative proteomic analysis discovered 203 proteins in HepG2 cells and 146 proteins in rat liver tissues that were differently identified before and after administration. Simultaneously, bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins demonstrated that the antiproliferative effects involved in the microtubule-based process, tight junction and its downstream apoptosis pathways. As predicted analytically, molecular docking indicated that ''-O-'' were the target docking atoms for the colchicine-binding site; meanwhile, this site was additionally verified by the EBI competition experiment and the microtubule assembly inhibition test. In conclusion, these derivatives promising for developing microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) were shown to target the colchicine-binding site, impair cancer cell microtubule networks, and then halt mitosis and trigger apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Song
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, P.R.China
| | - Shuran Liu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100000, 030001, P.R.China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, P.R.China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, P.R.China
| | - Baojin Zhao
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, P.R.China
| | - Xinxu Wang
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, P.R.China
| | - Yunlan Li
- School of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, P.R.China; School of Pharmaceutical Science, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, P.R.China.
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16
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Kumar K, Das R, Thapa B, Rakhecha B, Srivastava S, Savita K, Israr M, Chanda D, Banerjee D, Shanker K, Bawankule DU, Santini B, Di Paolo ML, Via LD, Passarella D, Negi AS. Dual targeted 2-Benzylideneindanone pendant hydroxamic acid group exhibits selective HDAC6 inhibition along with tubulin stabilization effect. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 86:117300. [PMID: 37146520 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal epigenetics has been recognised as an early event in tumour progression and aberrant acetylation of lysine in particular has been understood in tumorigenesis. Therefore, it has become an attractive target for anticancer drug development. However, HDAC inhibitors have limited success due to toxicity and drug resistance concerns. Present study deals with design and synthesis of bivalent indanone based HDAC6 and antitubulin ligands as anticancer agents. Two of the analogues 9 and 21 exhibited potent antiproliferative activities (IC50, 0.36-3.27 µM) and high potency against HDAC 6 enzyme. Compound 21 showed high selectivity against HDAC 6 while 9 exhibited low selectivity. Both the compounds also showed microtubule stabilization effects and moderate anti-inflammatory effect. Dual targeted anticancer agents with concomitant anti-inflammatory effects will be more attractive clinical candidates in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Kumar
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Ranjana Das
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Barsha Thapa
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Bharti Rakhecha
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sapna Srivastava
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumari Savita
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Monazza Israr
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India
| | - Debabrata Chanda
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Dibyendu Banerjee
- CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - D U Bawankule
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India
| | - Benedetta Santini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, via G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lisa Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Arvind Singh Negi
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, India; Academy of Science and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, U.P. 201002, India.
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17
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Liang B, Zou Q, Yu L, Wang Y, Yan J, Huang B. Novel Indole-Containing Hybrids Derived from Millepachine: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Antitumor Mechanism Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031481. [PMID: 36771147 PMCID: PMC9921564 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Millepachine, a bioactive natural product isolated from the seeds of Millettia pachycarpa, is reported to display potential antitumor activity. In this study, novel indole-containing hybrids derived from millepachine were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their antitumor activities. Among all the compounds, compound 14b exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activity against five kinds of human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.022 to 0.074 μM, making it almost 100 times more active than millepachine. Valuable structure-activity relationships (SARs) were obtained. Furthermore, the mechanism studies showed that compound 14b induced cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase by inhibiting tubulin polymerization and further induced cell apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse. In addition, the low cytotoxicity toward normal human cells and equivalent sensitivity towards drug-resistant cells of compound 14b highlighted its potential for the development of antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxia Liang
- The School of Food Science and Biology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510430, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qing Zou
- The School of Food Science and Biology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510430, China
| | - Lintao Yu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yali Wang
- BGI Infection Pharmaceutical Technology, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Baiqi Huang
- The School of Food Science and Biology, Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Trade, Guangzhou 510430, China
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18
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Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activity of Steroidal Diaryl Ethers. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031196. [PMID: 36770863 PMCID: PMC9919549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel 13α-estrone derivatives have been synthesized via direct arylation of the phenolic hydroxy function. Chan-Lam couplings of arylboronic acids with 13α-estrone as a nucleophilic partner were carried out under copper catalysis. The antiproliferative activities of the newly synthesized diaryl ethers against a panel of human cancer cell lines (A2780, MCF-7, MDA-MB 231, HeLa, SiHa) were investigated by means of MTT assays. The quinoline derivative displayed substantial antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cell lines with low micromolar IC50 values. Disturbance of tubulin polymerization has been confirmed by microplate-based photometric assay. Computational calculations reveal significant interactions of the quinoline derivative with the taxoid binding site of tubulin.
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19
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Wu W, Liu S, Tian L, Li C, Jiang Y, Wang J, Lv Y, Guo J, Xing D, Zhai Y, Sun H, Li Y, Zhang L, He X, Luo K, Zhan H, Zhao Z. Identification of microtubule-associated biomarkers in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and prognosis prediction. Front Genet 2023; 13:1092678. [PMID: 36761693 PMCID: PMC9902697 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1092678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease with a complicated prognosis. Even though various prognostic evaluations have been applied currently, they usually only use the clinical factors that overlook the molecular underlying DLBCL progression. Therefore, more accurate prognostic assessment needs further exploration. In the present study, we constructed a novel prognostic model based on microtubule associated genes (MAGs). Methods: A total of 33 normal controls and 1360 DLBCL samples containing gene-expression from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were included. Subsequently, the univariate Cox, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to select the best prognosis related genes into the MAGs model. To validate the model, Kaplan-Meier curve, and nomogram were analyzed. Results: A risk score model based on fourteen candidate MAGs (CCDC78, CD300LG, CTAG2, DYNLL2, MAPKAPK2, MREG, NME8, PGK2, RALBP1, SIGLEC1, SLC1A1, SLC39A12, TMEM63A, and WRAP73) was established. The K-M curve presented that the high-risk patients had a significantly inferior overall survival (OS) time compared to low-risk patients in training and validation datasets. Furthermore, knocking-out TMEM63A, a key gene belonging to the MAGs model, inhibited cell proliferation noticeably. Conclusion: The novel MAGs prognostic model has a well predictive capability, which may as a supplement for the current assessments. Furthermore, candidate TMEM63A gene has therapeutic target potentially in DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Su Liu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Linyan Tian
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine. Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangyang Lv
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Donghui Xing
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yixin Zhai
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimeng Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Luying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjie Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Hongjie Zhan, ; Zhigang Zhao,
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China,Department of Medical Oncology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, School of Medicine. Nankai University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Hongjie Zhan, ; Zhigang Zhao,
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Wang C, Shi L, Yang S, Chang J, Liu W, Zeng J, Meng J, Zhang R, Xing D. Research progress on antitumor activity of XRP44X and analogues as microtubule targeting agents. Front Chem 2023; 11:1096666. [PMID: 36936533 PMCID: PMC10014799 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1096666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer threatens human health and life. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop safe and effective antitumor drugs. Microtubules, the main component of cytoskeleton, play an important role in maintaining cell morphology, mitosis, and signal transduction, which are one of important targets of antitumor drug research and development. Colchicine binding site inhibitors have dual effects of inhibiting proliferation and destroying blood vessels. In recent years, a series of inhibitors targeting this target have been studied and some progress has been made. XRP44X has a novel structure and overcomes some disadvantages of traditional inhibitors. It is also a multifunctional molecule that regulates not only the function of tubulin but also a variety of biological pathways. Therefore, the structure, synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and biological activity of XRP44X analogues reported in recent years were summarized in this paper, to provide a useful reference for the rational design of efficient colchicine binding site inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Dongming Xing,
| | - Lingyu Shi
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanbo Yang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingsen Meng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chao Wang, ; Dongming Xing,
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21
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Úsuga-Acevedo B, García Y, Díaz CF, Jiménez VA. Rational Discovery of Microtubule-Stabilizing Peptides. J Chem Inf Model 2022; 62:6844-6856. [PMID: 36074453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule (MT) stabilization is an attractive pharmacological strategy to hamper the progress of neurodegenerative diseases. In this regard, seeking peptides with MT-stabilizing properties has awoken great interest. This work reports the rational discovery of two structurally related MT-stabilizing octapeptides using a combination of protein-peptide docking, conventional molecular dynamics, Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD), and tubulin polymerization assays. FASTA sequences for ∼1000 peptides were crafted from single and double mutants of davunetide (NAP) and docked against the Taxol (TX) site on an octameric MT model representing a portion of the MT wall. Docked peptides were rescored after MM minimization and binding free energy refinement through single-point MM/GBSA calculations. The 60 best-ranked peptides were subjected to 50 ns MD simulations on peptide-MT complexes at the terminal TX site in the octameric Tau-MT model resulting in 11 complexes with occupancies greater than 99% and peptide-protein binding free energies less than -40 kcal/mol. Selected peptides were then examined through 300 ns GaMD simulations in complexes containing two identical ligands at the terminal and intermediate TX sites in the Tau-MT model to account for the differential association of MT-binding peptides to different regions of the MT structure. Six candidates showed a favorable MT-binding potential based on the analysis of interaction frequencies and relative mobilities of the complex components, suggesting a pivotal role of Arg278, Gln281, and Arg369 residues for peptides recognition. Four candidates were predicted to preserve an adequate balance of longitudinal and lateral interactions between tubulin dimers in peptide-MT complexes such that MT-stabilizing effects could be expected. MT polymerization experiments confirmed that four peptides (HAPVSIHQ, NYPVSIHQ, NWPVSIWQ, HAPVSIIQ) exhibit MT-stabilizing activity in vitro with NWPVSIWQ (P43) and HAPVSIIQ (P52) being the most active. Tryptophan quenching assays verified that P43 and P52 bind to nonpolymeric tubulin, whereas viability experiments on HEK cells confirmed their safety to pursue future pharmacological studies. The results herein presented are valuable to making progress in the rational design of MT-stabilizing peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Úsuga-Acevedo
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile 4300866
| | - Yadiris García
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile 4300866
| | - Carola F Díaz
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile 4300866
| | - Verónica A Jiménez
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Andres Bello, Sede Concepción, Autopista Concepción-Talcahuano 7100, Talcahuano, Chile 4300866
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22
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Li S, Mori M, Yang M, Elfazazi S, Hortigüela R, Chan P, Feng X, Risinger A, Yang Z, Oliva MÁ, Fernando Díaz J, Fang WS. Targeting the tubulin C-terminal tail by charged small molecules. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 21:153-162. [PMID: 36472095 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01910h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The disordered tubulin C-terminal tail (CTT), which possesses a higher degree of heterogeneity, is the target for the interaction of many proteins and cellular components. Compared to the seven well-described binding sites of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) that localize on the globular tubulin core, tubulin CTT is far less explored. Therefore, tubulin CTT can be regarded as a novel site for the development of MTAs with distinct biochemical and cell biological properties. Here, we designed and synthesized linear and cyclic peptides containing multiple arginines (RRR), which are complementary to multiple acidic residues in tubulin CTT. Some of them showed moderate induction and promotion of tubulin polymerization. The most potent macrocyclic compound 1f was found to bind to tubulin CTT and thus exert its bioactivity. Such RRR containing compounds represent a starting point for the discovery of tubulin CTT-targeting agents with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & MHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Mingyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & MHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Soumia Elfazazi
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Rafael Hortigüela
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Peter Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Xinyue Feng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - April Risinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA
| | - Zhiyou Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Marine Biological Products, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Seafood, Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing of Aquatic Product of Guangdong Higher Education Institution, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - María Ángela Oliva
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - J Fernando Díaz
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Wei-Shuo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines & MHC Key Laboratory of Biosynthesis of Natural Products, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 2A Nan Wei Road, Beijing 100050, China.
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23
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Rodrigues Arruda B, Mendes MGA, Freitas PGCD, Reis AVF, Lima T, Crisóstomo LCCF, Nogueira KAB, Pessoa C, Petrilli R, Eloy JO. Nanocarriers for delivery of taxanes: A review on physicochemical and biological aspects. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Li J, Jiang H, Lv Z, Sun Z, Cheng C, Tan G, Wang M, Liu A, Sun H, Guo H, Chen F, Liu Z, Fei Y, Liu Y, Wu R, Xu X, Yan W, Jiang Q, Shi D. Articular fibrocartilage-targeted therapy by microtubule stabilization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8420. [PMID: 36399569 PMCID: PMC9674280 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The fibrocartilage presented on the joint surface was caused by cartilage injury or degeneration. There is still a lack of effective strategies for fibrocartilage. Here, we hypothesized that the fibrocartilage could be viewed as a raw material for the renewal of hyaline cartilage and proposed a previously unidentified strategy of cartilage regeneration, namely, "fibrocartilage hyalinization." Cytoskeleton remodeling plays a vital role in modifying the cellular phenotype. We identified that microtubule stabilization by docetaxel repressed cartilage fibrosis and increased the hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix. We further designed a fibrocartilage-targeted negatively charged thermosensitive hydrogel for the sustained delivery of docetaxel, which promoted fibrocartilage hyalinization in the cartilage defect model. Moreover, the mechanism of fibrocartilage hyalinization by microtubule stabilization was verified as the inhibition of Sparc (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine). Together, our study suggested that articular fibrocartilage-targeted therapy in situ was a promising strategy for hyaline cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Huiming Jiang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210000 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Chaoqun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Guihua Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Maochun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Anlong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Heng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Hu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Fufei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zizheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xingquan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Wenjin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Dongquan Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School Nanjing, Nanjing, 210008 Jiangsu, P.R. China
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25
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Chang J, Wang C, Yang S, Shi L, Zhang Y, Liu W, Meng J, Zeng J, Zhang R, Liu N, Xing D. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of diarylpyrazole derivatives as antitumor agents targeting microtubules. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Discovery of Simple Diacylhydrazine-Functionalized Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Potential Microtubule Stabilizers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012365. [PMID: 36293224 PMCID: PMC9604255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel microtubule-binding agents for cancer therapy, an array of N-cinnamoyl-N'-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives were facilely synthesized through a two-step process. Initially, the antiproliferative activity of these title compounds was explored against A549, 98 PC-3 and HepG2 cancer cell lines. Notably, compound I23 exhibited the best antiproliferative activity against three cancer lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.36 to 5.99 μM and concurrently afforded a lower cytotoxicity towards the NRK-52E cells. Anticancer mechanism investigations suggested that the highly bioactive compound I23 could potentially promote the protofilament assembly of tubulin, thus eventually leading to the stagnation of the G2/M phase cell cycle of HepG2 cells. Moreover, compound I23 also disrupted cancer cell migration and significantly induced HepG2 cells apoptosis in a dosage-dependent manner. Additionally, the in silico analysis indicated that compound I23 exhibited an acceptable pharmacokinetic profile. Overall, these easily prepared N-cinnamoyl-N'-(substituted)acryloyl hydrazide derivatives could serve as potential microtubule-interacting agents, probably as novel microtubule-stabilizers.
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27
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Smith ER, Wang JQ, Yang DH, Xu XX. Paclitaxel Resistance Related to Nuclear Envelope Structural SturdinessRunning Title: Lamin A/C Expression and Paclitaxel Resistance. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 65:100881. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Smith ER, Huang M, Schlumbrecht MP, George SH, Xu XX. Rationale for combination of paclitaxel and CDK4/6 inhibitor in ovarian cancer therapy - non-mitotic mechanisms of paclitaxel. Front Oncol 2022; 12:907520. [PMID: 36185294 PMCID: PMC9520484 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.907520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes and CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) are two families of successful anti-mitotic drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors. Paclitaxel, representing taxane compounds, has been used either alone or in combination with other agents (commonly carboplatin/cisplatin) in the treatment of many solid tumors including ovarian, breast, lung, prostate cancers, and Kaposi's sarcoma. Paclitaxel has been routinely prescribed in cancer treatment since the 1990s, and its prominent role is unlikely to be replaced in the foreseeable future. Paclitaxel and other taxanes work by binding to and stabilizing microtubules, causing mitotic arrest, aberrant mitosis, and cell death. CDK4/6i (palbociclib, ribociclib, abemaciclib) are relatively new cell cycle inhibitors that have been found to be effective in breast cancer treatment, and are currently being developed in other solid tumors. CDK4/6i blocks cell cycle progression at the G1 phase, resulting in cell death by mechanisms not yet fully elucidated. At first glance, paclitaxel and CDK4/6i are unlikely synergistic agents as both are cell cycle inhibitors that work at different phases of the cell cycle, and few clinical trials have yet considered adding CDK4/6i to existing paclitaxel chemotherapy. However, recent findings suggest the importance of a non-mitotic mechanism of paclitaxel in cancer cell death and pre-clinical data support rationale for a strategic paclitaxel and CDK4/6i combination. In mouse tumor model studies, drug sequencing resulted in differential efficacy, indicating complex biological interactions of the two drugs. This article reviews the rationales of combining paclitaxel with CDK4/6i as a potential therapeutic option in recurrent ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Smith
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Marilyn Huang
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Matthew P. Schlumbrecht
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Sophia H.L. George
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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29
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Qin R, You FM, Zhao Q, Xie X, Peng C, Zhan G, Han B. Naturally derived indole alkaloids targeting regulated cell death (RCD) for cancer therapy: from molecular mechanisms to potential therapeutic targets. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:133. [PMID: 36104717 PMCID: PMC9471064 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulated cell death (RCD) is a critical and active process that is controlled by specific signal transduction pathways and can be regulated by genetic signals or drug interventions. Meanwhile, RCD is closely related to the occurrence and therapy of multiple human cancers. Generally, RCD subroutines are the key signals of tumorigenesis, which are contributed to our better understanding of cancer pathogenesis and therapeutics. Indole alkaloids derived from natural sources are well defined for their outstanding biological and pharmacological properties, like vincristine, vinblastine, staurosporine, indirubin, and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, which are currently used in the clinic or under clinical assessment. Moreover, such compounds play a significant role in discovering novel anticancer agents. Thus, here we systemically summarized recent advances in indole alkaloids as anticancer agents by targeting different RCD subroutines, including the classical apoptosis and autophagic cell death signaling pathways as well as the crucial signaling pathways of other RCD subroutines, such as ferroptosis, mitotic catastrophe, necroptosis, and anoikis, in cancer. Moreover, we further discussed the cross talk between different RCD subroutines mediated by indole alkaloids and the combined strategies of multiple agents (e.g., 3,10-dibromofascaplysin combined with olaparib) to exhibit therapeutic potential against various cancers by regulating RCD subroutines. In short, the information provided in this review on the regulation of cell death by indole alkaloids against different targets is expected to be beneficial for the design of novel molecules with greater targeting and biological properties, thereby facilitating the development of new strategies for cancer therapy.
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30
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Xi J, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Wu Q, He Y, Xu Y, Ding Z, Zhao H, Da H, Zhang F, Zhao H, Fang J. Hinokitiol functions as a ferroptosis inhibitor to confer neuroprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 190:202-215. [PMID: 35985562 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic link of ferroptosis to neurodegeneration, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, has set promises to apply ferroptosis inhibitors for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, we report that the natural small molecule hinokitiol (Hino) functions as a potent ferroptosis inhibitor to rescue neuronal damages in vitro and in vivo. The action mechanisms of Hino involve chelating irons and activating cytoprotective transcription factor Nrf2 to upregulate the antioxidant genes including solute carrier family 7 member 11, glutathione peroxidase 4 and Heme oxygenase-1. In vivo studies demonstrate that Hino rescues the deficits of locomotor activity and neurodevelopment in zebrafishes. In addition, Hino shows the efficient blood-brain barrier permeability in mice, supporting the application of Hino for brain disorders. Paclitaxel is one of the most widely used broad-spectrum antineoplastic agents. However, its neurotoxic side effect is a severe concern. We demonstrate that the neurotoxicity of paclitaxel is ferroptosis-related and Hino also alleviates the paclitaxel-induced neurotoxicity without compromising its cytotoxicity to cancer cells. Hino also salvages the neurobehavioral impairment by paclitaxel in zebrafishes. Collectively, the discovery of Hino as a novel ferroptosis inhibitor and disclosure of its action mechanisms establish a foundation for the further development of Hino as a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qingfeng Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ying He
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Yanyi Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Honghong Da
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyu Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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31
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Romagnoli R, Oliva P, Prencipe F, Manfredini S, Budassi F, Brancale A, Ferla S, Hamel E, Corallo D, Aveic S, Manfreda L, Mariotto E, Bortolozzi R, Viola G. Design, Synthesis and Biological Investigation of 2-Anilino Triazolopyrimidines as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors with Anticancer Activities. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1031. [PMID: 36015179 PMCID: PMC9415608 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A further investigation aiming to generate new potential antitumor agents led us to synthesize a new series of twenty-two compounds characterized by the presence of the 7-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine pharmacophore modified at its 2-position. Among the synthesized compounds, three were significantly more active than the others. These bore the substituents p-toluidino (3d), p-ethylanilino (3h) and 3',4'-dimethylanilino (3f), and these compounds had IC50 values of 30-43, 160-240 and 67-160 nM, respectively, on HeLa, A549 and HT-29 cancer cells. The p-toluidino derivative 3d was the most potent inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50: 0.45 µM) and strongly inhibited the binding of colchicine to tubulin (72% inhibition), with antiproliferative activity superior to CA-4 against A549 and HeLa cancer cell lines. In vitro investigation showed that compound 3d was able to block treated cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle and to induce apoptosis following the intrinsic pathway, further confirmed by mitochondrial depolarization and caspase-9 activation. In vivo experiments conducted on the zebrafish model showed good activity of 3d in reducing the mass of a HeLa cell xenograft. These effects occurred at nontoxic concentrations to the animal, indicating that 3d merits further developmental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paola Oliva
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Prencipe
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica Budassi
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Integrated Drug Discovery, Aptuit-An Evotec Company, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Diana Corallo
- Laboratory of Target Discovery and Biology of Neuroblastoma, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Sanja Aveic
- Laboratory of Target Discovery and Biology of Neuroblastoma, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Manfreda
- Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, Hemato-Oncology Lab, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Mariotto
- Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, Hemato-Oncology Lab, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, Hemato-Oncology Lab, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Department of Woman’s and Child’s Health, Hemato-Oncology Lab, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Fondazione Città della Speranza, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Vadakekolathu J, Boocock DJ, Pandey K, Guinn BA, Legrand A, Miles AK, Coveney C, Ayala R, Purcell AW, McArdle SE. Multi-Omic Analysis of Two Common P53 Mutations: Proteins Regulated by Mutated P53 as Potential Targets for Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163975. [PMID: 36010968 PMCID: PMC9406384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary TP53 is the most frequently mutated gene in many cancers, but it has failed to be a very effective target for treatment to date. To overcome this, we have examined what else changes in cells when the TP53 gene is mutated. We modified cells that had no TP53 expression to have one of the two most common mutations, either R175H or R273H. We examined how the presence of these TP53 mutations caused cellular changes including microscopic, gene expression and peptide presentation to the immune system. This has allowed us to identify new (secondary) targets that could be used to facilitate the treatment of tumors that harbor p53 mutations. Abstract The p53 protein is mutated in more than 50% of human cancers. Mutated p53 proteins not only lose their normal function but often acquire novel oncogenic functions, a phenomenon termed mutant p53 gain-of-function. Mutant p53 has been shown to affect the transcription of a range of genes, as well as protein–protein interactions with transcription factors and other effectors; however, no one has intensively investigated and identified these proteins, or their MHC presented epitopes, from the viewpoint of their ability to act as targets for immunotherapeutic interventions. We investigated the molecular changes that occurred after the TP53 null osteosarcoma cells, SaOS-2, were transfected with one of two conformational p53-mutants, either R175H or R273H. We then examined the phenotypic and functional changes using macroscopic observations, proliferation, gene expression and proteomics alongside immunopeptidome profiling of peptide antigen presentation in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. We identified several candidate proteins in both TP53 mutant cell lines with differential expression when compared to the TP53 null vector control, SaOS-V. Quantitative SWATH proteomics combined with immune-peptidome analysis of the class-I eluted peptides identified several epitopes presented on pMHC and in silico analysis shortlisted which antigens were expressed in a range of cancerous but not adjacent healthy tissues. Out of all the candidates, KLC1 and TOP2A showed high levels of expression in every tumor type examined. From these proteins, three A2 and four pan HLA-A epitopes were identified in both R175H and R273H from TOP2A. We have now provided a short list of future immunotherapy targets for the treatment of cancers harboring mutated TP53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Vadakekolathu
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
| | - David J. Boocock
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Kirti Pandey
- Infection and Immunology Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Barbara-ann Guinn
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Antoine Legrand
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
| | - Amanda K. Miles
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
| | - Clare Coveney
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
| | - Rochelle Ayala
- Infection and Immunology Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Anthony W. Purcell
- Infection and Immunology Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie E. McArdle
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK or
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, UK
- Correspondence:
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33
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Li Y, Du YF, Gao F, Xu JB, Zheng LL, Liu G, Lei Y. Taccalonolides: Structure, semi-synthesis, and biological activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968061. [PMID: 36034793 PMCID: PMC9407980 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are the fundamental part of the cell cytoskeleton intimately involving in cell proliferation and are superb targets in clinical cancer therapy today. Microtubule stabilizers have become one of the effectively main agents in the last decades for the treatment of diverse cancers. Taccalonolides, the highly oxygenated pentacyclic steroids isolated from the genus of Tacca, are considered a class of novel microtubule-stabilizing agents. Taccalonolides not only possess a similar microtubule-stabilizing activity as the famous drug paclitaxel but also reverse the multi-drug resistance of paclitaxel and epothilone in cellular and animal models. Taccalonolides have captured numerous attention in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their variety of structures, unique mechanism of action, and low toxicity. This review focuses on the structural diversity, semi-synthesis, modification, and pharmacological activities of taccalonolides, providing bright thoughts for the discovery of microtubule-stabilizing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Feng Du
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Bu Xu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Li Zheng, ; Gang Liu, ; Yu Lei,
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Li Zheng, ; Gang Liu, ; Yu Lei,
| | - Yu Lei
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Afflicted Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Li Zheng, ; Gang Liu, ; Yu Lei,
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34
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Peña-Morán OA, Jiménez-Pérez J, Cerón-Romero L, Rodríguez-Aguilar M. In Silico Conformation of the Drug Colchicine into Tubulin Models and Acute Phytotoxic Activity on Cucumis sativus Radicles. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1805. [PMID: 35890440 PMCID: PMC9323635 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many tests are used to determine the toxic activity of miscellaneous substances, and those that are simple, fast, and inexpensive are useful for screening compounds with applications in different fields. The Cucumis sativus root growth inhibition test is an example of acute toxicity determinations. On the other hand, colchicine has been used as a herbicide to generate polyploids in plant species finally reaching the environment; for this reason, colchicine could become a point of attention in ecotoxicology. This work established that Cucumis sativus, at the colchicine binding site (CBS) in tubulin, shares 100% similarity with humans. Colchicine was docked on seven Cucumis sativus computational models of the αβ-tubulin heterodimer, allowing us to understand a possible conformation in tubulin to trigger its antimitotic effect. Furthermore, an in vitro phytotoxicity assay of colchicine-treated cucumber radicles indicated a hormetic-type concentration-dependent response with macroscopic changes in radicles and hypocotyl. These results support the highly preserved grade of tubulins in several species, and using microtubule inhibitors could require attention in ecotoxicological issues. The Cucumis sativus root growth test could help evaluate small molecules (colchicine analogs), chiefly by CBS interactions, a known druggable site, still a target in the search for antimitotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Aristeo Peña-Morán
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Chetumal 77039, Quintana Roo, Mexico;
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Pérez
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (J.J.-P.); (L.C.-R.)
| | - Litzia Cerón-Romero
- División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Cunduacán 86690, Tabasco, Mexico; (J.J.-P.); (L.C.-R.)
| | - Maribel Rodríguez-Aguilar
- División de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, Chetumal 77039, Quintana Roo, Mexico;
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35
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Kim JM. Molecular Link between DNA Damage Response and Microtubule Dynamics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136986. [PMID: 35805981 PMCID: PMC9266319 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are major components of the cytoskeleton that play important roles in cellular processes such as intracellular transport and cell division. In recent years, it has become evident that microtubule networks play a role in genome maintenance during interphase. In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding the role of microtubule dynamics in DNA damage response and repair. We first describe how DNA damage checkpoints regulate microtubule organization and stability. We then highlight how microtubule networks are involved in the nuclear remodeling following DNA damage, which leads to changes in chromosome organization. Lastly, we discuss how microtubule dynamics participate in the mobility of damaged DNA and promote consequent DNA repair. Together, the literature indicates the importance of microtubule dynamics in genome organization and stability during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 58128, Korea
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36
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Amaya C, Smith ER, Xu XX. Low Intensity Ultrasound as an Antidote to Taxane/Paclitaxel-induced Cytotoxicity. J Cancer 2022; 13:2362-2373. [PMID: 35517405 PMCID: PMC9066212 DOI: 10.7150/jca.71263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxane family of compounds, including Taxol/paclitaxel and Taxotere/docetaxel, are surprisingly successful drugs used in combination or alone for the treatment of most major solid tumors, especially metastatic cancer. The drugs are commonly used in regimen with other agents (often platinum drugs) as frontline treatment, or used as a single agent in a dose dense regimen for recurrent cancer. The major side effects of taxanes are peripheral neuropathy, alopecia, and neutropenia, which are grave burden for patients and limit the full potential of the taxane drugs. Especially in the current treatment protocol for peripheral neuropathy, taxane dosage is reduced once the symptoms present, resulting in the loss of full or optimal cancer killing activity. Substantial efforts have been made to address the problem of cytotoxic side effects of taxanes, though strategies remain very limited. Following administration of the taxane compound by infusion, taxane binds to cellular microtubules and is sequestered within the cells for several days. Taxane stabilizes and interferes with microtubule function, leading to ultimate death of cancer cells, but also damages hair follicles, peripheral neurons, and hemopoietic stem cells. Currently, cryo-treatment is practiced to limit exposure and side effects of the drug during infusion, though the effectiveness is uncertain or limited. A recent laboratory finding may provide a new strategy to counter taxane cytotoxicity, that a brief exposure to low density ultrasound waves was sufficient to eliminate paclitaxel cytotoxicity cells in culture by transiently breaking microtubule filaments, which were then relocated to lysosomes for disposal. Thus, ultrasonic force to break rigid microtubules is an effective solution to counter taxane cytotoxicity. The discovery and concept of low intensity ultrasound as an antidote may have the potential to provide a practical strategy to counter paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy and alopecia that resulted from chemotherapy. Taxanes are a class of important drugs used in chemotherapy to treat several major cancers. This article reviews a new laboratory discovery that ultrasound can be used as an antidote for the peripheral cytotoxicity of taxane drugs and discusses the potential development and application of low intensity ultrasound to prevent side effects in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Amaya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Elizabeth R Smith
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136
| | - Xiang-Xi Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL, USA
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Kulkarni R, Thakur A, Kumar H. Microtubule Dynamics Following Central and Peripheral Nervous System Axotomy. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1358-1369. [PMID: 35451811 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance in the neuronal network leads to instability in the microtubule (MT) railroad of axons, causing hindrance in the intra-axonal transport and making it difficult to re-establish the broken network. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) neurons can stabilize their MTs, leading to the formation of regeneration-promoting structures called "growth cones". However, central nervous system (CNS) neurons lack this intrinsic reparative capability and, instead, form growth-incompetent structures called "retraction bulbs", which have a disarrayed MT network. It is evident from various studies that although axonal regeneration depends on both cell-extrinsic and cell-intrinsic factors, any therapy that aims at axonal regeneration ultimately converges onto MTs. Understanding the neuronal MT dynamics will help develop effective therapeutic strategies in diseases where the MT network gets disrupted, such as spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. It is also essential to know the factors that aid or inhibit MT stabilization. In this review, we have discussed the MT dynamics postaxotomy in the CNS and PNS, and factors that can directly influence MT stability in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riya Kulkarni
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Akshata Thakur
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Opposite Air Force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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38
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Lei L, Wang XJ, Tang SC. Novel taxanes in development: hopes or hypes? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 176:103727. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Wangzaozin A, a potent novel microtubule stabilizer, targets both the taxane and laulimalide sites on β-tubulin through molecular dynamics simulations. Life Sci 2022; 301:120583. [PMID: 35504334 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Wangzaozin A, an ent-kaurene diterpenoid isolated from Isodon racemosa (Hemsl) Hara, promotes the polymerization of intracellular microtubules as well as purified tubulin, which is similar to other known microtubule stabilizers. Our pharmacological results showed that wangzaozin A induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and the significant inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. A molecular docking study indicated that wangzaozin A could bind to both the taxane and laulimalide (lau) sites on β-tubulin, which is a novel binding mode that differs from that of known microtubule stabilizers. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations demonstrated that wangzaozin A could stably bind to taxane and lau sites simultaneously and form a double-bonded complex. The binding mode of wangzaozin A to the taxane site was more similar to that of epothilone A than paclitaxel. Our results demonstrate that wangzaozin A represents a novel class of microtubule stabilizers, and may serve as a potential microtubule-targeting lead compound for further structural optimization.
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40
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Tong L, Sun W, Wu S, Han Y. Characterization of Caerulomycin A as a dual-targeting anticancer agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 922:174914. [PMID: 35337812 PMCID: PMC9077901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caerulomycin A (CaeA), isolated from actinomycetes, has a featured 2,2'-bipyridine core structure. Based on the results of in silico drug-protein docking analysis, CaeA shows potential ligands for interacting with both tubulin and DNA topoisomerase I (Topo-1). The result was confirmed by cell-free tubulin polymerization assay and Topo-1 activity assay. In vitro assays also demonstrated that CaeA increases the polymerization of tubulin and increases cell size. In addition, CaeA inhibits cell viability and growth of various cancer cells, yet exhibits low cytotoxicity. CaeA also affects paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells and synergizes the effect with paclitaxel in reducing cancer cell colony formation rate. In vivo experiments confirm the effect of CaeA on reducing tumor size and weight in nude mouse inoculated with tumor cells with no noticeable side effects. Taken together, our data demonstrate that CaeA is a potential potent agent for cancer treatment through tubulin and Topo-1 dual-targeting with little side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingying Tong
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Weichao Sun
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Shiyong Wu
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Yong Han
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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41
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Discovery of novel microtubule stabilizers targeting taxane binding site by applying molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and anticancer activity testing. Bioorg Chem 2022; 122:105722. [PMID: 35303622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of the dynamic equilibrium of microtubules can induce cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and apoptosis. Hence, discovery of novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors is very necessary and an important task in drug research and development for treatment of various tumors. In this investigation, 50 compounds were screened as microtubule stabilizers targeting the taxane site by combination of molecular docking methods. Among these hits, hits 19 and 38 with novel scaffolds exhibited the highest anti-proliferative activity with IC50 ranging from 9.50 to 13.81 μM in four cancer cell lines. The molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that tubulin and two hits could form stable systems. Meanwhile, the mechanism of the interactions between tubulin and two hits at simulated physiological conditions were probed. The in vitro tubulin polymerization assay revealed hits 19 and 38 were able to promote tubulin polymerization in a dose-dependent manner. Further, the immunofluorescence assay suggested that hits 19 and 38 could accelerate microtubule assembly in A549 and HeLa cells. Finally, studies on antitumor activity indicated that hits 19 and 38 induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited cancer cell motility and migration in A549 and HeLa cells. Importantly, hit38 exhibited better anti-tubulin and anti-cancer activity than hit19 in A549 and HeLa cells. Therefore, these results suggest that hit38 represents a promising microtubule stabilizer for treating cancer and deserves further investigation.
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Ran F, Liu Y, Xu Z, Meng C, Yang D, Qian J, Deng X, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Recent development of BTK-based dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114232. [PMID: 35247756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a promising target in the treatment of various cancers. Despite the early success of BTK inhibitors in the clinic, these single-target drug therapies have limitations in their clinical applications, such as drug resistance. Several alternative strategies have been developed, including the use of dual inhibitors, to maximize the therapeutic potential of anticancer drugs. In this review, we highlight the scientific background and theoretical basis for developing BTK-based dual inhibitors, as well as the status of these agents in preclinical and clinical studies, and discuss further options in this field. We posit that these advances in BTK-based dual inhibitors confirm their feasibility for the treatment of refractory tumors, including those with drug resistance, and provide a framework for future drug design in this field. Accordingly, we anticipate increasingly rapid progress in the development of novel potent dual inhibitors and advanced clinical research on BTK-based dual inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fansheng Ran
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yun Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Chi Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Dezhi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563006, China
| | - Jianqiang Qian
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Xuexian Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
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Zhao M, Chang Q, Yang H, Wang M, Liu Y, Lv N, Lei Q, Wei H. Epothilone D modulates autism-like behaviors in the BTBR mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Neuroscience 2022; 490:171-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kostin RK, Marshavin AS. Pyrazoles, isoxazoles, and 1,2,3-triazoles as analogs of the natural cytostatic combretastatin A-4: efficient routes of synthesis, tubulin inhibition, and cytotoxicity. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-03025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang X, Zhao L, Wang C, Feng X, Ma Q, Yang G, Wang T, Yan X, Jiang J. Phthalocyanine-Triggered Helical Dipeptide Nanotubes with Intense Circularly Polarized Luminescence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104438. [PMID: 34816581 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanotubes with circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) are attracting much attention due to many potential applications, such as chiroptical materials, displays, and sensing. However, it remains a challenge to change the assemblies of ordinarily molecular building blocks into CPL supramolecular nanotubes. Herein, the regulation of quite common dipeptide (Fmoc-FF) assemblies into unprecedented helical nanotubes exhibiting intense CPL is reported by simply doping a few phthalocyanine (octakis(carboxyl)phthalocyaninato zinc complex (Pc)) molecules. Interestingly, altering the Fmoc-FF/Pc molar ratios over a wide range cannot change the nanotubes structures according to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) measurements. Although molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the noncovalent interactions between Fmoc-FF and Pc are quite weak, few Pc molecules can still change the secondary structures of a large number of Fmoc-FF assemblies, which hierarchically form helical supramolecular nanotubes with long-range ordered molecular packing, leading to intense CPL signals with large luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum = 0.04). Consequently, the chiral reorganization of Fmoc-FF assemblies is dependent on the coassembly between Pc molecule and Fmoc-FF supramolecular architectures. These results open the possibility for the fine-tuning of helix and supramolecular nanotubes with CPL properties by using a small number of cofactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqian Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Luyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chiming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuenan Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qing Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Gengxiang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xuehai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Mao J, Luo QQ, Zhang HR, Zheng XH, Shen C, Qi HZ, Hu ML, Zhang H. Discovery of microtubule stabilizers with novel scaffold structures based on virtual screening, biological evaluation, and molecular dynamics simulation. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 352:109784. [PMID: 34932952 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disrupting the dynamics and structures of microtubules can perturb mitotic spindle formation, cause cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and subsequently lead to cellular death via apoptosis. In this investigation, the structure-based virtual screening methods, including molecular docking and rescoring, and similarity analysis of interaction molecular fingerprints, were developed to discover novel tubulin inhibitors from ChemDiv database with 1,601,806 compounds. The screened compounds were further filtered by PAINS, ADME/T, Toxscore, SAscore, and Drug-likeness analysis. Finally, 17 hit compounds were selected, and then submitted to the biologic evaluation. Among these hits, the P2 exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against four tumor cells including HeLa, HepG2, MCF-7, and A549. The in vitro tubulin polymerization assay revealed P2 could promote tubulin polymerization in a dose dependent manner. Finally, in order to analyze the interaction modes of complexes, the molecular dynamics simulation was performed to investigate the interactions between P2 and tubulin. The molecular dynamics simulation analysis showed that P2 could stably bind to taxane site, induced H6-H7, B9-B10, and M-loop regions changes. The ΔGbind energies of tubulin-P2 and tubulin-paclitaxel were -68.25 ± 12.98 and -146.05 ± 16.17 kJ mol-1, respectively, which were in line with the results of the experimental test. Therefore, P2 has been well characterized as lead compounds for developing new tubulin inhibitors with potential anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Mao
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Xiu-He Zheng
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Chen Shen
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Mei-Ling Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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Tymon-Rosario J, Adjei NN, Roque DM, Santin AD. Microtubule-Interfering Drugs: Current and Future Roles in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6239. [PMID: 34944858 PMCID: PMC8699494 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxanes and epothilones are chemotherapeutic agents that ultimately lead to cell death through inhibition of normal microtubular function. This review summarizes the literature demonstrating their current use and potential promise as therapeutic agents in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), as well as putative mechanisms of resistance. Historically, taxanes have become the standard of care in the front-line and recurrent treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. In the past few years, epothilones (i.e., ixabepilone) have become of interest as they may retain activity in taxane-treated patients since they harbor several features that may overcome mechanisms of taxane resistance. Clinical data now support the use of ixabepilone in the treatment of platinum-resistant or refractory ovarian cancer. Clinical data strongly support the use of microtubule-interfering drugs alone or in combination in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer. Ongoing clinical trials will shed further light into the potential of making these drugs part of current standard practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Tymon-Rosario
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.T.-R.); (N.N.A.)
| | - Naomi N. Adjei
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.T.-R.); (N.N.A.)
| | - Dana M. Roque
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Alessandro D. Santin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; (J.T.-R.); (N.N.A.)
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Ibrahim TS, Hawwas MM, Malebari AM, Taher ES, Omar AM, Neamatallah T, Abdel-Samii ZK, Safo MK, Elshaier YAMM. Discovery of novel quinoline-based analogues of combretastatin A-4 as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors with apoptosis inducing activity and potent anticancer effect. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:802-818. [PMID: 33730937 PMCID: PMC7993375 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1899168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 have been designed, synthesised and demonstrated as tubulin polymerisation inhibitors. These novel compounds showed significant antiproliferative activities, among them, 12c exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against different cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HL-60, HCT-116 and HeLa) with IC50 ranging from 0.010 to 0.042 µM, and with selectivity profile against MCF-10A non-cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies suggest that 12c can inhibit tubulin polymerisation and cell migration, leading to G2/M phase arrest. Besides, 12c induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependant apoptosis pathway and caused reactive oxygen stress generation in MCF-7 cells. These results provide guidance for further rational development of potent tubulin polymerisation inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.HighlightsA novel series of quinoline derivatives of combretastatin A-4 have been designed and synthesised.Compound 12c showed significant antiproliferative activities against different cancer cell lines.Compound 12c effectively inhibited tubulin polymerisation and competed with [3H] colchicine in binding to tubulin.Compound 12c arrested the cell cycle at G2/M phase, effectively inducing apoptosis and inhibition of cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hawwas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Azizah M. Malebari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab S. Taher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Abdelsattar M. Omar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Thikryat Neamatallah
- Department of Pharmacology and toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria K. Abdel-Samii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Martin K. Safo
- Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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BP-M345, a New Diarylpentanoid with Promising Antimitotic Activity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237139. [PMID: 34885726 PMCID: PMC8659070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported the in vitro growth inhibitory effect of diarylpentanoid BP-M345 on human cancer cells. Nevertheless, at that time, the cellular mechanism through which BP-M345 exerts its growth inhibitory effect remained to be explored. In the present work, we report its mechanism of action on cancer cells. The compound exhibits a potent tumor growth inhibitory activity with high selectivity index. Mechanistically, it induces perturbation of the spindles through microtubule instability. As a consequence, treated cells exhibit irreversible defects in chromosome congression during mitosis, which induce a prolonged spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent mitotic arrest, followed by massive apoptosis, as revealed by live cell imaging. Collectively, the results indicate that the diarylpentanoid BP-M345 exerts its antiproliferative activity by inhibiting mitosis through microtubule perturbation and causing cancer cell death, thereby highlighting its potential as antitumor agent.
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Liu JT, Jaunky DB, Larocque K, Chen F, Mckibbon K, Sirouspour M, Taylor S, Shafeii A, Campbell D, Braga H, Piekny A, Forgione P. Design, structure-activity relationship study and biological evaluation of the thieno[3,2-c]isoquinoline scaffold as a potential anti-cancer agent. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 52:128327. [PMID: 34416378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several derivatives of a series that share a thienoisoquinoline scaffold have demonstrated potent activity against cancer cell lines A549, HeLa, HCT-116, and MDA-MB-231 in the submicromolar concentration range. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on a range of derivatives aided in identifying key pharmacophores in the lead compound. A series of compounds have been identified as the most promising with submicromolar IC50 values against a lung cancer cell line (A549). Microscopy studies of cancer cells treated with the lead compound revealed that it causes mitotic arrest and disrupts microtubules. Further evaluation via an in vitro microtubule polymerization assay and competition studies indicate that the lead compound binds to tubulin via the colchicine site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tian Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Dilan B Jaunky
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kevin Larocque
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Keegan Mckibbon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Mehdi Sirouspour
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Sarah Taylor
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alexandre Shafeii
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Donald Campbell
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Helena Braga
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Alisa Piekny
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pat Forgione
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Concordia University, 7141 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada; Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 rue Sherbrooke O., Montréal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
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