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Guan Q, Xing S, Wang L, Zhu J, Guo C, Xu C, Zhao Q, Wu Y, Chen Y, Sun H. Triazoles in Medicinal Chemistry: Physicochemical Properties, Bioisosterism, and Application. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7788-7824. [PMID: 38699796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Triazole demonstrates distinctive physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, various dipole moments, and significant dual hydrogen bond acceptor and donor capabilities. These features are poised to play a pivotal role in drug-target interactions. The inherent polarity of triazole contributes to its lower logP, suggesting the potential improvement in water solubility. The metabolic stability of triazole adds additional value to drug discovery. Moreover, the metal-binding capacity of the nitrogen atom lone pair electrons of triazole has broad applications in the development of metal chelators and antifungal agents. This Perspective aims to underscore the unique physicochemical attributes of triazole and its application. A comparative analysis involving triazole isomers and other heterocycles provides guiding insights for the subsequent design of triazoles, with the hope of offering valuable considerations for designing other heterocycles in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Guan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaishuai Xing
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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2
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Bigot P, Chesseron S, Saidi A, Sizaret D, Parent C, Petit-Courty A, Courty Y, Lecaille F, Lalmanach G. Cleavage of Occludin by Cigarette Smoke-Elicited Cathepsin S Increases Permeability of Lung Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010005. [PMID: 36670867 PMCID: PMC9854811 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible disease mainly caused by smoking. COPD is characterized by emphysema and chronic bronchitis associated with enhanced epithelial permeability. HYPOTHESIS Lung biopsies from smokers revealed a decreased expression level of occludin, which is a protein involved in the cohesion of epithelial tight junctions. Moreover, the occludin level correlated negatively with smoking history (pack-years), COPD grades, and cathepsin S (CatS) activity. Thus, we examined whether CatS could participate in the modulation of the integrity of human lung epithelial barriers. METHODS AND RESULTS Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) triggered the upregulation of CatS by THP-1 macrophages through the mTOR/TFEB signaling pathway. In a co-culture model, following the exposure of macrophages to CSE, an enhanced level of permeability of lung epithelial (16HBE and NHBE) cells towards FITC-Dextran was observed, which was associated with a decrease in occludin level. Similar results were obtained using 16HBE and NHBE cells cultured at the air-liquid interface. The treatment of THP-1 macrophages by CatS siRNAs or by a pharmacological inhibitor restored the barrier function of epithelial cells, suggesting that cigarette smoke-elicited CatS induced an alteration of epithelial integrity via the proteolytic injury of occludin. CONCLUSIONS Alongside its noteworthy resistance to oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke oxidants and its deleterious elastin-degrading potency, CatS may also have a detrimental effect on the barrier function of epithelial cells through the cleavage of occludin. The obtained data emphasize the emerging role of CatS in smoking-related lung diseases and strengthen the relevance of targeting CatS in the treatment of emphysema and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bigot
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Simon Chesseron
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Damien Sizaret
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Pathological Anatomy and Cytology, The University Hospital Center of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Christelle Parent
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Aerosol therapy and Biotherapeutics for Respiratory Diseases”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Agnès Petit-Courty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Yves Courty
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tours, 37000 Tours, France
- Team “Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation”, INSERM, UMR1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), 37000 Tours, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-47-36-61-51
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3
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Altiti A, He M, VanPatten S, Cheng KF, Ahmed U, Chiu PY, Mughrabi IT, Jabari BA, Burch RM, Manogue KR, Tracey KJ, Diamond B, Metz CN, Yang H, Hudson LK, Zanos S, Son M, Sherry B, Coleman TR, Al-Abed Y. Thiocarbazate building blocks enable the construction of azapeptides for rapid development of therapeutic candidates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7127. [PMID: 36443291 PMCID: PMC9705435 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34712-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides, polymers of amino acids, comprise a vital and expanding therapeutic approach. Their rapid degradation by proteases, however, represents a major limitation to their therapeutic utility and chemical modifications to native peptides have been employed to mitigate this weakness. Herein, we describe functionalized thiocarbazate scaffolds as precursors of aza-amino acids, that, upon activation, can be integrated in a peptide sequence to generate azapeptides using conventional peptide synthetic methods. This methodology facilitates peptide editing-replacing targeted amino acid(s) with aza-amino acid(s) within a peptide-to form azapeptides with preferred therapeutic characteristics (extending half-life/bioavailability, while at the same time typically preserving structural features and biological activities). We demonstrate the convenience of this azapeptide synthesis platform in two well-studied peptides with short half-lives: FSSE/P5779, a tetrapeptide inhibitor of HMGB1/MD-2/TLR4 complex formation, and bradykinin, a nine-residue vasoactive peptide. This bench-stable thiocarbazate platform offers a robust and universal approach to optimize peptide-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Altiti
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Mingzhu He
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sonya VanPatten
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kai Fan Cheng
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Umair Ahmed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Pui Yan Chiu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Ibrahim T Mughrabi
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Bayan Al Jabari
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Kirk R Manogue
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Christine N Metz
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - LaQueta K Hudson
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Stavros Zanos
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Myoungsun Son
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Barbara Sherry
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Thomas R Coleman
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Yousef Al-Abed
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.
- Center for Molecular Innovation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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4
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Shi C, Correia I, Tonali N, Ongeri S, Lequin O. Two consecutive aza-amino acids in peptides promote stable β-turn formation in water. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:8430-8437. [PMID: 36040477 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the synthetic methodologies and the structural propensity of peptides containing consecutive aza-amino acids are still in their infancy. Here, details of the synthesis and conformational analysis of tripeptides containing two consecutive aza-amino acids are provided. The demonstration that the type I β-turn folding is induced, even in aqueous media, by the introduction of one or two lateral chains on the diaza-peptide unit is of particular importance for the design of peptidomimetics of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghui Shi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Isabelle Correia
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Olivier Lequin
- Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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5
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Brun S, Bestion E, Raymond E, Bassissi F, Jilkova ZM, Mezouar S, Rachid M, Novello M, Tracz J, Hamaï A, Lalmanach G, Vanderlynden L, Legouffe R, Stauber J, Schubert T, Plach MG, Courcambeck J, Drouot C, Jacquemot G, Serdjebi C, Roth G, Baudoin JP, Ansaldi C, Decaens T, Halfon P. GNS561, a clinical-stage PPT1 inhibitor, is efficient against hepatocellular carcinoma via modulation of lysosomal functions. Autophagy 2021; 18:678-694. [PMID: 34740311 PMCID: PMC9037544 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1988357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most frequent primary liver cancer. Macroautophagy/autophagy inhibitors have been extensively studied in cancer but, to date, none has reached efficacy in clinical trials. In this study, we demonstrated that GNS561, a new autophagy inhibitor, whose anticancer activity was previously linked to lysosomal cell death, displayed high liver tropism and potent antitumor activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines and in two hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo models. We showed that due to its lysosomotropic properties, GNS561 could reach and specifically inhibited its enzyme target, PPT1 (palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1), resulting in lysosomal unbound Zn2+ accumulation, impairment of cathepsin activity, blockage of autophagic flux, altered location of MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase), lysosomal membrane permeabilization, caspase activation and cell death. Accordingly, GNS561, for which a global phase 1b clinical trial in liver cancers was just successfully achieved, represents a promising new drug candidate and a hopeful therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment. Abbreviations: ANXA5:annexin A5; ATCC: American type culture collection; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; CASP3: caspase 3; CASP7: caspase 7; CASP8: caspase 8; CCND1: cyclin D1; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CTSL: cathepsin L; CQ: chloroquine; iCCA: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; DEN: diethylnitrosamine; DMEM: Dulbelcco’s modified Eagle medium; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HDSF: hexadecylsulfonylfluoride; IC50: mean half-maximal inhibitory concentration; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; LC3-II: phosphatidylethanolamine-conjugated form of MAP1LC3; LMP: lysosomal membrane permeabilization; MALDI: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MKI67: marker of proliferation Ki-67; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NH4Cl: ammonium chloride; NtBuHA: N-tert-butylhydroxylamine; PARP: poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PPT1: palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1; SD: standard deviation; SEM: standard error mean; vs, versus; Zn2+: zinc ion; Z-Phe: Z-Phe-Tyt(tBu)-diazomethylketone; Z-VAD-FMK: carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-[O-methyl]- fluoromethylketone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eloïne Bestion
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Raymond
- Genoscience Pharma, Marseille, France.,Medical Oncology, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Zuzana Macek Jilkova
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR, Paris, France.,University of Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Inserm, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lise Vanderlynden
- Inserm, UMR1100, Centre d'Etude Des Pathologies Respiratoires, Equipe "Mécanismes Protéolytiques Dans l'Inflammation", Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gael Roth
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Baudoin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, MEPHI, APHM, IRD, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Thomas Decaens
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Research Center UGA/Inserm U 1209/CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France.,University of Grenoble Alpes, Faculté De Médecine, France.,Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-gastroentérologie, Pôle Digidune, Chu Grenoble, France
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6
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Staśkiewicz A, Ledwoń P, Rovero P, Papini AM, Latajka R. Triazole-Modified Peptidomimetics: An Opportunity for Drug Discovery and Development. Front Chem 2021; 9:674705. [PMID: 34095086 PMCID: PMC8172596 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.674705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidomimetics play a fundamental role in drug design due to their preferential properties regarding natural peptides. In particular, compounds possessing nitrogen-containing heterocycles have been intensively studied in recent years. The triazolyl moiety incorporation decreases the molecule susceptibility to enzymatic degradation, reduction, hydrolysis, and oxidation. In fact, peptides containing triazole rings are a typical example of peptidomimetics. They have all the advantages over classic peptides. Both efficient synthetic methods and biological activity make these systems an interesting and promising object of research. Peptide triazole derivatives display a diversity of biological properties and can be obtained via numerous synthetic strategies. In this review, we have highlighted the importance of the triazole-modified peptidomimetics in the field of drug design. We present an overview on new achievements in triazolyl-containing peptidomimetics synthesis and their biological activity as inhibitors of enzymes or against cancer, viruses, bacteria, or fungi. The relevance of above-mentioned compounds was confirmed by their comparison with unmodified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Staśkiewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Patrycja Ledwoń
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Paolo Rovero
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nutraceutics, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Papini
- Interdepartmental Research Unit of Peptide and Protein Chemistry and Biology, Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rafal Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Bowles M, Proulx C. Solid phase submonomer azapeptide synthesis. Methods Enzymol 2021; 656:169-190. [PMID: 34325786 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Azapeptides contain at least one aza-amino acid, where the α-carbon has been replaced by a nitrogen atom, and have found broad applicability in fields ranging from medicinal chemistry to biomaterials. In this chapter, we provide a step-by-step protocol for the solid phase submonomer synthesis of azapeptides, which includes three steps: (1) hydrazone activation and coupling onto a resin-bound peptide, (2) chemoselective semicarbazone functionalization for installation of the aza-amino acid side chain, and (3) orthogonal deprotection of the semicarbazone to complete the monomer addition cycle. We focus on semicarbazone functionalization by N-alkylation with primary alkyl halides, and describe conditions for coupling onto aza-amino acids. Such divergent methods accelerate the synthesis of peptidomimetics and allow the rapid introduction of a wide variety of natural and unnatural side chains directly on solid support using easily accessible submonomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Bowles
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Caroline Proulx
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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8
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Grob N, Schibli R, Béhé M, Valverde IE, Mindt TL. 1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as Amide Bond Isosteres Yield Novel Tumor-Targeting Minigastrin Analogs. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:585-592. [PMID: 33859799 PMCID: PMC8040048 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
1,5-Disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles (1,5-Tz) are considered bioisosteres of cis-amide bonds. However, their use for enhancing the pharmacological properties of peptides or proteins is not yet well established. Aiming to illustrate their utility, we chose the peptide conjugate [Nle15]MG11 (DOTA-dGlu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Trp-Nle-Asp-Phe-NH2) as a model compound since it is known that the cholecystokinin-2 receptor (CCK2R) is able to accommodate turn conformations. Analogs of [Nle15]MG11 incorporating 1,5-Tz in the backbone were synthesized and radiolabeled with lutetium-177, and their pharmacological properties (cell internalization, receptor binding affinity and specificity, plasma stability, and biodistribution) were evaluated and compared with [Nle15]MG11 as well as their previously reported analogs bearing 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Our investigations led to the discovery of novel triazole-modified analogs of [Nle15]MG11 with nanomolar CCK2R-binding affinity and 2-fold increased tumor uptake. This study illustrates that substitution of amides by 1,5-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles is an effective strategy to enhance the pharmacological properties of biologically active peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie
M. Grob
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roger Schibli
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zurich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Martin Béhé
- Center
for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ibai E. Valverde
- Institut
de Chimie Moléculaire de l’Université de Bourgogne,
UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig
Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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9
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Montague-Cardoso K, Malcangio M. Cathepsin S as a potential therapeutic target for chronic pain. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 7:100047. [PMID: 32904424 PMCID: PMC7453913 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a distressing yet poorly-treated condition that can arise as a result of diseases and injuries to the nervous system. The development of more efficacious therapies for chronic pain is essential and requires advances in our understanding of its underlying mechanisms. Clinical and preclinical evidence has demonstrated that immune responses play a crucial role in chronic pain. The lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS) plays a key role in such immune response. Here we discuss the preclinical evidence for the mechanistic importance of extracellular CatS in chronic pain focussing on studies utilising drugs and other pharmacological tools that target CatS activity. We also consider the use of CatS inhibitors as potential novel antihyperalgesics, highlighting that the route and timing of delivery would need to be tailored to the initial cause of pain in order to ensure the most effective use of such drugs. Cathepsin S plays a key extracellular role in the underlying mechanisms of chronic pain Pharmacological tools provide crucial evidence for this role and the therapeutic potential of targeting Cathepsin S The route of delivery and timing of cathepsin S inhibitor administration should be tailored to specific causes of chronic pain
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Montague-Cardoso
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
| | - Marzia Malcangio
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL
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10
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Rečnik LM, Kandioller W, Mindt TL. 1,4-Disubstituted 1,2,3-Triazoles as Amide Bond Surrogates for the Stabilisation of Linear Peptides with Biological Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3576. [PMID: 32781656 PMCID: PMC7465391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides represent an important class of biologically active molecules with high potential for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic agents due to their structural diversity, favourable pharmacokinetic properties, and synthetic availability. However, the widespread use of peptides and conjugates thereof in clinical applications can be hampered by their low stability in vivo due to rapid degradation by endogenous proteases. A promising approach to circumvent this potential limitation includes the substitution of metabolically labile amide bonds in the peptide backbone by stable isosteric amide bond mimetics. In this review, we focus on the incorporation of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as amide bond surrogates in linear peptides with the aim to increase their stability without impacting their biological function(s). We highlight the properties of this heterocycle as a trans-amide bond surrogate and summarise approaches for the synthesis of triazole-containing peptidomimetics via the Cu(I)-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The impacts of the incorporation of triazoles in the backbone of diverse peptides on their biological properties such as, e.g., blood serum stability and affinity as well as selectivity towards their respective molecular target(s) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Rečnik
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, General Hospital Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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11
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Tonali N, Correia I, Lesma J, Bernadat G, Ongeri S, Lequin O. Introducing sequential aza-amino acids units induces repeated β-turns and helical conformations in peptides. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:3452-3458. [PMID: 32091060 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob02654a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A major current issue in medicinal chemistry is the design of small peptide analogues resistant to proteolysis and able to adopt preferential conformations, while preserving the selectivity and efficiency of natural peptides. Whereas the introduction of one aza-Gly in peptides has proven numerous biological and structural interest, the conformational effect of sequential aza-Gly or aza-amino acids bearing side chains has not been investigated. In this work, experimental NMR and X-ray data together with in silico conformational studies reveal that the introduction of two consecutive aza-amino acids in pseudotripeptides induces the formation of stable hydrogen-bonded β-turn structures. Notably, this stabilization effect relies on the presence of side chains on aza-amino acids, as more flexible conformations are observed with aza-Gly residues. Remarkably, a longer aza/aza/α/aza/aza/α pseudohexapeptide containing substituted aza-amino acids adopts repeated β-turns conformations which interconvert with a fully helical structure mimicking a 310 helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolo Tonali
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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12
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Wartenberg M, Saidi A, Galibert M, Joulin-Giet A, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Lecaille F, Scott CJ, Aucagne V, Delmas AF, Lalmanach G. Imaging of extracellular cathepsin S activity by a selective near infrared fluorescence substrate-based probe. Biochimie 2019; 166:84-93. [PMID: 30914255 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We designed a near-infrared fluorescent substrate-based probe (SBP), termed MG101, for monitoring extracellular cathepsin S (CatS) activity. We conceived a fused peptide hairpin loop-structure, combining a CatS recognition domain, an electrostatic zipper (with complementary charges of a polyanionic (D-Glu)5 segment and a polycationic (D-Arg)5 motif, as well as a N and C terminal Förster resonance energy transfer pair (donor: AlexaFluor680; quencher: BHQ3) to facilitate activity-dependent imaging. MG101 showed excellent stability since no fluorescence release corresponding to a self-dequenching was observed in the presence of either 2 M NaCl or after incubation at a broad range of pH (2.2-8.2). Cathepsins B, D, G, H, and K, neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3 did not cleave MG101, while CatS, and to a lesser extent CatL, hydrolysed MG101 at pH 5.5. However MG101 was fully selective for CatS at pH 7.4 (kcat/Km = 140,000 M-1 s-1) and sensitive to low concentration of CatS (<1 nM). The selectivity of MG101 was successfully endorsed ex vivo, as it was hydrolysed in cell lysates derived from wild-type but not knockout CatS murine spleen. Furthermore, application of the SBP probe with confocal microscopy confirmed the secretion of active CatS from THP-1 macrophages, which could be abrogated by pharmacological CatS inhibitors. Taken together, present data highlight MG101 as a novel near-infrared fluorescent SBP for the visualization of extracellular active CatS from macrophages and other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Wartenberg
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Ahlame Saidi
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Mathieu Galibert
- CNRS UPR 4301, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology", Orléans, France
| | - Alix Joulin-Giet
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; Plateforme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France
| | - Christopher J Scott
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- CNRS UPR 4301, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology", Orléans, France
| | - Agnès F Delmas
- CNRS UPR 4301, Center for Molecular Biophysics (CBM), Team: "Molecular, Structural and Chemical Biology", Orléans, France
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- Université de Tours, Tours, France; INSERM, UMR 1100, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases (CEPR), Team: "Proteolytic Mechanisms in Inflammation", Tours, France.
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13
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Van Kersavond T, Konopatzki R, Chakrabarty S, Blank-Landeshammer B, Sickmann A, Verhelst SHL. Short Peptides with Uncleavable Peptide Bond Mimetics as Photoactivatable Caspase-3 Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:E206. [PMID: 30626051 PMCID: PMC6337261 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical probes that covalently interact with proteases have found increasing use for the study of protease function and localization. The design and synthesis of such probes is still a bottleneck, as the strategies to target different families are highly diverse. We set out to design and synthesize chemical probes based on protease substrate specificity with inclusion of an uncleavable peptide bond mimic and a photocrosslinker for covalent modification of the protease target. With caspase-3 as a model target protease, we designed reduced amide and triazolo peptides as substrate mimetics, whose sequences can be conveniently constructed by modified solid phase peptide synthesis. We found that these probes inhibited the caspase-3 activity, but did not form a covalent bond. It turned out that the reduced amide mimics, upon irradiation with a benzophenone as photosensitizer, are oxidized and form low concentrations of peptide aldehydes, which then act as inhibitors of caspase-3. This type of photoactivation may be utilized in future photopharmacology experiments to form protease inhibitors at a precise time and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Van Kersavond
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Raphael Konopatzki
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Suravi Chakrabarty
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Steven H L Verhelst
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften ISAS, Otto-Hahn-Str. 6b, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Chemical Biology, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Herestraat 49 Box 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Montoir D, Amoura M, Ababsa ZEA, Vishwanatha TM, Yen-Pon E, Robert V, Beltramo M, Piller V, Alami M, Aucagne V, Messaoudi S. Synthesis of aryl-thioglycopeptides through chemoselective Pd-mediated conjugation. Chem Sci 2018; 9:8753-8759. [PMID: 30627396 PMCID: PMC6295873 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02370k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe herein a Pd-catalyzed methodology for the thioglycoconjugation of iodoaryl peptides and aminoacids. This operationally simple process occurs under semi-aqueous conditions and displays wide substrate scope. The strategy has been successfully applied to both the thioglycosylation of unprotected peptides and the generation of thioglyco-aminoacid building blocks, including those suitable for solid phase peptide synthesis. To demonstrate the broad potential of this technique for late stage functionalization, we successfully incorporated challenging unprotected β-S-GlcNAc- and α-S-GalNAc-derivatives into very long unprotected peptides. This study opens the way to new applications in chemical biology, considering the well-recognized advantages of S-glycosides over O-glycosides in terms of resistance towards both enzymatic and chemical degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montoir
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - Mehdi Amoura
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Zine El Abidine Ababsa
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - T M Vishwanatha
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Expédite Yen-Pon
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - Vincent Robert
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements , INRA , CNRS , Univ. Tours , IFCE , Nouzilly , France
| | - Massimiliano Beltramo
- UMR Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements , INRA , CNRS , Univ. Tours , IFCE , Nouzilly , France
| | - Véronique Piller
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Mouad Alami
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
| | - Vincent Aucagne
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire , CNRS , Orléans , France . ; Tel: +33 0238255577
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- BioCIS , Univ. Paris-Sud , CNRS , Univ. Paris-Saclay , Châtenay-Malabry , France . ; Tel: +33 0146835887
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15
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Tber Z, Wartenberg M, Jacques JE, Roy V, Lecaille F, Warszycki D, Bojarski AJ, Lalmanach G, Agrofoglio LA. Selective inhibition of human cathepsin S by 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazine analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4310-4319. [PMID: 30049585 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of 2,4,6-trisubstituted 1,3,5-triazines as reversible inhibitors of human cysteine cathepsins. The desired products bearing morpholine and N-Boc piperidine, respectively, were obtained in three to four steps from commercially available trichlorotriazine. Seventeen hitherto unknown compounds were evaluated in vitro against various cathepsins for their inhibitory properties. Among them, compound 7c (4-(morpholin-4-yl)-6-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)anilino]-1,3,5-triazine-2-carbonitrile) was identified as the most potent and selective inhibitor of cathepsin S (Ki = 2 ± 0.3 nM). Also 7c impaired the autocatalytic maturation of procathepsin S. Molecular docking studies support that 7c bound within the active site of cathepsin S, by interacting with Gly23, Cys25 and Trp26 (S1 subsite), with Asn67, Gly69 and Phe70 (S2 subsite) and with Gln19 (S1' pocket).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahira Tber
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orléans, France
| | - Mylène Wartenberg
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France
| | | | - Vincent Roy
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, F-45067 Orléans, France.
| | - Fabien Lecaille
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France
| | - Dawid Warszycki
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gilles Lalmanach
- INSERM, UMR 1100, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Université François Rabelais, F-37032 Tours cedex, France
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16
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Bizet F, Tonali N, Soulier JL, Oliva A, Kaffy J, Crousse B, Ongeri S. Towards a general synthesis of di-aza-amino acids containing peptides. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03635g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three synthetic routes are studied and compared to introduce two consecutive aza-amino acids bearing various side chains into peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustine Bizet
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Nicolo Tonali
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Jean-Louis Soulier
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Agostino Oliva
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Julia Kaffy
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Benoit Crousse
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
| | - Sandrine Ongeri
- BioCIS, Univ. Paris-Sud
- CNRS, Université Paris Saclay
- 5 rue Jean-Baptiste Clément
- 92296 Châtenay-Malabry Cedex
- France
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