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Yurttaş L, Evren AE, Kubilay A, Aksoy MO, Temel HE, Akalın Çiftçi G. Synthesis of Some New 1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives and Evaluation of Their Anticancer Activity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:49311-49326. [PMID: 38162760 PMCID: PMC10753699 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
In this work, some new 2-[(5-((2-acetamidophenoxy)methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thio]acetamide derivatives (4a-4l) were synthesized and studied for their anticancer activity. Twelve new compounds were tested on the A549 human lung cancer cell line, C6 rat glioma cell line, and L929 murine fibroblast cell line. Compounds 4f, 4i, 4k, and 4l (IC50: 1.59-7.48 μM), and especially 4h (IC50: <0.14 μM), exhibited excellent cytotoxic profile on A549 with selectivity. Compounds 4g and 4h showed remarkable antiproliferative activity on the C6 cell line with IC50 values of 8.16 and 13.04 μM, respectively. The compounds with the lowest IC50 value on the A549 cell line (4f, 4h, 4i, 4k, and 4l) were further studied to determine the mechanism of action. These compounds were found to induce apoptosis with a higher ratio (16.10-21.54%) than that of the standard drug cisplatin (10.07%). Compound 4f displayed mitochondrial membrane depolarization and caspase-3 activation at most, whereas compounds 4h (89.66%) and 4i (78.78%) had outstanding retention rates in the G0/G1phase of the cell cycle (cisplatin 74.75%). Compounds 4f, 4g, 4h, and 4l exhibited matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) inhibition higher than 75% at 100 μg/mL; even IC50 values were found to be 1.65 and 2.55 μM for 4h and 4l. In addition, in silico physicochemical properties of the compounds and molecular docking interaction of compound 4h on the MMP-9 enzyme were evaluated; the desired and expected results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Yurttaş
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department
of Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, 11000 Bilecik, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kubilay
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Onur Aksoy
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Halide Edip Temel
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Akalın Çiftçi
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey
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2
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Varakumar P, Rajagopal K, Aparna B, Raman K, Byran G, Gonçalves Lima CM, Rashid S, Nafady MH, Emran TB, Wybraniec S. Acridine as an Anti-Tumour Agent: A Critical Review. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010193. [PMID: 36615391 PMCID: PMC9822522 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarized the current breakthroughs in the chemistry of acridines as anti-cancer agents, including new structural and biologically active acridine attributes. Acridine derivatives are a class of compounds that are being extensively researched as potential anti-cancer drugs. Acridines are well-known for their high cytotoxic activity; however, their clinical application is restricted or even excluded as a result of side effects. The photocytotoxicity of propyl acridine acts against leukaemia cell lines, with C1748 being a promising anti-tumour drug against UDP-UGT's. CK0403 is reported in breast cancer treatment and is more potent than CK0402 against estrogen receptor-negative HER2. Acridine platinum (Pt) complexes have shown specificity on the evaluated DNA sequences; 9-anilinoacridine core, which intercalates DNA, and a methyl triazene DNA-methylating moiety were also studied. Acridine thiourea gold and acridinone derivatives act against cell lines such as MDA-MB-231, SK-BR-3, and MCF-7. Benzimidazole acridine compounds demonstrated cytotoxic activity against Dual Topo and PARP-1. Quinacrine, thiazacridine, and azacridine are reported as anti-cancer agents, which have been reported in the previous decade and were addressed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potlapati Varakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | - Kalirajan Rajagopal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.B.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Baliwada Aparna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | - Kannan Raman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | - Gowramma Byran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy (JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty 643001, India
| | | | - Salma Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed H. Nafady
- Faculty of Applied Health Science Technology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza 12568, Egypt
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.B.E.); (S.W.)
| | - Sławomir Wybraniec
- Department of Chemical Technology and Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Krakow, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.R.); (T.B.E.); (S.W.)
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3
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Wei MX, Zhang SS, Sun X, Liu Z, Yang PW, Li XQ. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Artemisinin-Piperazine-Phosphoramide Mustard Hybrids as Potential Anticancer Agents. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200239. [PMID: 35771689 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel artemisinin-piperazine-phosphoramide mustard (PPM) hybrids were designed and synthesized by incorporating phosphoramide mustard (PM) into dihydroartemisinin (DHA) via an efficient, catalyst-free two-step sequential substitution. Artemisinin-PPM hybrids showed better cytotoxic potency against HepG2 cells than both the parent DHA and the reference, vincristine (VCR). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies showed that the cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced by the introduction of a thiazole moiety. Hybrid 7h, the most potent compound with the highest selectivity index IC50 (HEK-293T) / IC50 (HepG2) = 16, displayed 7.4-fold stronger potency than VCR against HepG2 cells. In addition, hybrid 7h was substantially more cytotoxic on all human cancer cells tested than on the corresponding non-cancerous cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 7h significantly blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase and induced apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Xue Wei
- Ningxia University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 489 Helanshan West Road, 750021, Yinchuan, CHINA
| | - Si-Si Zhang
- Ningxia University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, CHINA
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Ningxia University, Department of Chemistry, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Pei-Wen Yang
- Ningxia University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Xue-Qiang Li
- Ningxia University, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
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4
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Shankaraiah N, Tokala R, Bora D. Contribution of Knoevenagel Condensation Products towards Development of Anticancer Agents: An Updated Review. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202100736. [PMID: 35226798 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Knoevenagel condensation is an entrenched, prevailing, prominent arsenal following greener principles in the generation of α, β-unsaturated ketones/carboxylic acids by involving carbonyl functionalities and active methylenes. This reaction has proved to be a major driving force in many multicomponent reactions indicating the prolific utility towards the development of biologically fascinating molecules. This eminent reaction was acclimatised on different pharmacophoric aldehydes (benzimidazole, β-carboline, phenanthrene, indole, imidazothiadiazole, pyrazole etc.) and active methylenes (oxindole, barbituric acid, Meldrum's acid, thiazolidinedione etc.) to generate the library of chemical compounds. Their potential was also explicit to understand the significance of functionalities involved, which thereby evoke further developments in drug discovery. Furthermore, most of these reaction products exhibited remarkable anticancer activity in nanomolar to micromolar ranges by targeting different cancer targets like DNA, microtubules, Topo-I/II, and kinases (PIM, PARP, NMP, p300/CBP) etc. This review underscores the efficiency of the Knoevenagel condensation explored in the past six-year to generate molecules of pharmacological interest, predominantly towards cancer. The present review also provides the aspects of structure-activity relationships, mode of action and docking study with possible interaction with the target protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research NIPER, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Balanagar, 500037, Hyderabad, INDIA
| | - Ramya Tokala
- NIPER Hyderabad: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad, Medicinal Chemistry, INDIA
| | - Darshana Bora
- NIPER Hyderabad: National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Hyderabad, Medicinal Chemistry, INDIA
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5
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Yurttaş L, Temel HE, Aksoy MO, Bülbül EF, Çiftçi GA. New chromanone derivatives containing thiazoles: Synthesis and antitumor activity evaluation on A549 lung cancer cell line. Drug Dev Res 2021; 83:470-484. [PMID: 34532880 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel 2-[2-(chroman-4-ylidene)hydrazinyl]-4/5-substituted thiazole derivatives (2a-i) were synthesized and investigated for their anticancer activity. Cytotoxic activity on A549 and NIH/3T3 cell lines was determined, most of the compounds exhibited high cytotoxic profile with selectivity. Selected compounds 2b, 2c, 2e, 2g, 2h, and 2i were tested to determine induction of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and cell cycle arrest. The results showed that the compounds induced apoptosis intrinsically that they triggered loss of mitochondrial potential through increasing the accumulation of cells in G2/M. Besides, intrinsic apoptotic pathway was supported by down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and up-regulation of proapoptotic protein Bax. Molecular docking study for compounds 2b, 2c, and 2g was promoted experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Halide Edip Temel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Onur Aksoy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Emre Fatih Bülbül
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Gülşen Akalin Çiftçi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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6
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John SE, Tokala R, Kaki VR, Shankaraiah N. Expedition to Phenanthrene Nucleus: A Two‐decade Research on Bench. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Venkata Rao Kaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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7
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Yadav U, Vanjari Y, Laxmikeshav K, Tokala R, Niggula PK, Kumar M, Talla V, Kamal A, Shankaraiah N. Synthesis and in Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Phenanthrene Linked 2,4- Thiazolidinediones as Potential Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1127-1140. [PMID: 32664846 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200714142931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesize a series of phenanthrene-thiazolidinedione hybrids and explore their cytotoxic potential against human cancer cell lines of A-549 (lung cancer), HCT-116 and HT-29 (colon cancer), MDA MB-231 (triple-negative breast cancer), BT-474 (breast cancer) and (mouse melanoma) B16F10 cells. METHODS A new series of phenanthrene-thiazolidinedione hybrids was synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation of phenanthrene-9-carbaldehyde and N-alkylated thiazolidinediones. The cytotoxicity (IC50) of the synthesized compounds was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic assays like (AO/EB) and DAPI staining, cell cycle analysis, JC-1 staining and Annexin V binding assay studies were performed for the most active compound (Z)- 3-(4-bromobenzyl)-5-((2,3,6,7-tetramethoxyphenanthren-9-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (17b). Molecular docking, dynamics and evaluation of pharmacokinetic (ADME/T) properties were also carried out by using Schrödinger. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION From the series of tested compounds, 17b unveiled promising cytotoxic action with an IC50 value of 0.985±0.02μM on HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. The treatment of HCT-116 cells with 17b demonstrated distinctive apoptotic morphology like shrinkage of cells, horseshoe-shaped nuclei formation and chromatin condensation. The flow-cytometry analysis revealed the G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest in a dosedependent fashion. The AO/EB, DAPI, DCFDA, Annexin-V and JC-1 staining studies were performed in order to determine the effect of the compound on cell viability. Computational studies were performed by using Schrödinger to determine the stability of the ligand with the DNA. CONCLUSION The current study provides an insight into developing a series of phenanthrene thiazolidinedione derivatives as potential DNA interactive agents which might aid in colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Yadav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Yogesh Vanjari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Praveen K Niggula
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Venu Talla
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
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8
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Gulati S, John SE, Shankaraiah N. Microwave-assisted multicomponent reactions in heterocyclic chemistry and mechanistic aspects. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:819-865. [PMID: 33968258 PMCID: PMC8077743 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave-assisted (MWA) multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have successfully emerged as one of the useful tools in the synthesis of biologically relevant heterocycles. These reactions are strategically employed for the generation of a variety of heterocycles along with multiple point diversifications. Over the last few decades classical MCRs such as Ugi, Biginelli, etc. have witnessed enhanced yield and efficiency with microwave assistance. The highlights of MWA-MCRs are high yields, reduced reaction time, selectivity, atom economy and simpler purification techniques, such an approach can accelerate the drug discovery process. The present review focuses on the recent advances in MWA-MCRs and their mechanistic insights over the past decade and shed light on its advantage over the conventional approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Gulati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
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9
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Soni JP, Joshi SV, Chemitikanti KS, Shankaraiah N. The Riveting Chemistry of Poly‐
aza
‐heterocycles Employing Microwave Technique: A Decade Review. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Swanand Vinayak Joshi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Krishna Sowjanya Chemitikanti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Balanagar Hyderabad 500037 India
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10
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Bora D, Kaushal A, Shankaraiah N. Anticancer potential of spirocompounds in medicinal chemistry: A pentennial expedition. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113263. [PMID: 33601313 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Spirocompounds constitute an important class of organic frameworks enveloping numerous pharmacological activities, among them, the promising anticancer potential of spirocompounds have enthused medicinal chemists to explore new spiro derivatives with significantly improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profile along with their mechanism of action. The current review intends to provide a sketch of the anticancer activity of various spirocompounds like spirooxindole, spiroisoxazole, spiroindole etc, from the past five years unfolding various aspects of pharmacological activities and their structure-activity relationships (SARs). This literature analysis may provide future direction for the efficient design of novel spiromolecules with enhanced safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Anjali Kaushal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, 500037, India.
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11
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Chen JN, Li T, Cheng L, Qin TS, Sun YX, Chen CT, He YZ, Liu G, Yao D, Wei Y, Li QY, Zhang GJ. Synthesis and in vitro anti-bladder cancer activity evaluation of quinazolinyl-arylurea derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112661. [PMID: 32827851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structural modification of molecular-targeted agent sorafenib, a series of quinazolinyl-arylurea derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-proliferative activities against six human cancer cell lines. Compared with other cell lines tested, T24 was more sensitive to most compounds. Compound 7j exhibited the best profile with lower IC50 value and favorable selectivity. In this study, we focused on 7j-induced death forms of T24 cells and tried to elucidate the reason for its potent proliferative inhibitory activity. Compound 7j treatment could trigger three different cell death forms including apoptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy; which form would occur depended on the concentrations and incubation time of 7j: (1) Lower concentrations within the initial 8 h of 7j treatment led to apoptosis-dependent death. (2) Ferroptosis and autophagy occurred in the case of higher concentrations combining with extended incubation time through effectively regulating the Sxc-/GPx4/ROS and PI3K/Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathways, respectively. (3) The above death forms were closely associated with intracellular ROS generation and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential induced by 7j. In molecular docking and structure-activity relationship analyses, 7j could bind well to the active site of the corresponding receptor glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4). Compound 7j could be a promising lead for molecular-targeted anti-bladder cancer agents' discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nian Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Li Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Tai-Sheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Ye-Xiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Chu-Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Yue-Zhen He
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Di Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Ying Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Qiu-Yin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Guang-Ji Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Yucai Road 15, Guilin, 541004, Guangxi, PR China.
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12
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Laxmikeshav K, Sakla AP, Rasane S, John SE, Shankaraiah N. Microwave‐Assisted Regioselective Friedel–Crafts Arylation by BF
3
⋅ OEt
2
: A Facile Synthetic Access to 3‐Substituted‐3‐Propargyl Oxindole Scaffolds. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Akash P. Sakla
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Sai Rasane
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500 037 India
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13
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Shankaraiah N, Sakla AP, Laxmikeshav K, Tokala R. Reliability of Click Chemistry on Drug Discovery: A Personal Account. CHEM REC 2020; 20:253-272. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Akash P. Sakla
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad 500037 India
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Bora D, Tokala R, John SE, Prasanth B, Shankaraiah N. β-Carboline directed regioselective hydroxylation by employing Cu(OAc) 2 and mechanistic investigation by ESI-MS. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2307-2311. [PMID: 32159570 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00250j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A β-carboline directed regioselective C-H activation protocol for hydroxylation has been developed by employing Cu(OAc)2, a cost-effective 3d metal. This fastidious reaction proceeds under microwave irradiation and furnishes exclusively ortho-hydroxylated products with moderate to good yields under greener reaction conditions. Gratifyingly, this approach retains considerable functional group tolerance and is feasible on both electron-rich and electron-deficient substrates. This protocol signifies monohydroxylation on β-carboline via C-H functionalization which leads into development of biologically relevant molecules. The reaction mechanism was confirmed by intercepting and characterizing all the proposed intermediates by ESI-QTOF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshana Bora
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Ramya Tokala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Stephy Elza John
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Bitla Prasanth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad-500037, India.
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15
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Insuasty D, Castillo J, Becerra D, Rojas H, Abonia R. Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules through Multicomponent Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E505. [PMID: 31991635 PMCID: PMC7038231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the literature progress since 2002, the present review explores the highly significant role that multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have played as a very important tool for expedite synthesis of a vast number of organic molecules, but also, highlights the fact that many of such molecules are biologically active or at least have been submitted to any biological screen. The selected papers covered in this review must meet two mandatory requirements: (1) the reported products should be obtained via a multicomponent reaction; (2) the reported products should be biologically actives or at least tested for any biological property. Given the diversity of synthetic approaches utilized in MCRs, the highly diverse nature of the biological activities evaluated for the synthesized compounds, and considering their huge structural variability, much of the reported data are organized into concise schemes and tables to facilitate comparison, and to underscore the key points of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia 1569, Barranquilla Atlántico 081007, Colombia;
| | - Juan Castillo
- Grupo de Catálisis, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (J.C.); (D.B.); (H.R.)
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Diana Becerra
- Grupo de Catálisis, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (J.C.); (D.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Hugo Rojas
- Grupo de Catálisis, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (J.C.); (D.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A. A. 25360, Colombia
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16
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Soni JP, Chemitikanti KS, Joshi SV, Shankaraiah N. The microwave-assisted syntheses and applications of non-fused single-nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:9737-9761. [PMID: 33211792 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01779e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microwave technology has emerged as a great tool for the efficient synthesis of organic compounds and it provides opportunities for chemists to achieve chemical transformations that tend to be challenging using classical approaches. Additionally, N-heterocycles are well-known for their medicinal/biological significance, along with their applications as excellent building blocks in chemical synthesis. The dominance of N-heterocycles in drug molecules and other pharmacological agents makes them attractive scaffolds, which encourages chemists to develop a wide range of strategies towards the greener synthesis and functionalization of these heterocycles. In this regard, we have collated and discussed literature relating to the microwave-assisted synthesis and the modification of non-(benzo)fused single-nitrogen-containing N-heterocycles from the past decade. The role of the microwave technique and its benefits over the conventional approach have also been emphasized in terms of overall reaction efficiency, reaction time, yield, reduced side-product generation, neat and clean reactions, chemo-/regio-/enantio-selectivity, and the use of mild reagents/reaction conditions to achieve the objectives of green and sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Prakash Soni
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad - 500037, India.
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17
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Sana S, Tokala R, Bajaj DM, Nagesh N, Bokara KK, Kiranmai G, Lakshmi UJ, Vadlamani S, Talla V, Shankaraiah N. Design and synthesis of substituted dihydropyrimidinone derivatives as cytotoxic and tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2019; 93:103317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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18
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Hydroxyl alkyl ammonium ionic liquid assisted green and one-pot regioselective access to functionalized pyrazolodihydropyridine core and their pharmacological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:137-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Ganga Reddy V, Srinivasa Reddy T, Privér SH, Bai Y, Mishra S, Wlodkowic D, Mirzadeh N, Bhargava S. Synthesis of Gold(I) Complexes Containing Cinnamide: In Vitro Evaluation of Anticancer Activity in 2D and 3D Spheroidal Models of Melanoma and In Vivo Angiogenesis. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5988-5999. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Ganga Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - T. Srinivasa Reddy
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Steven H. Privér
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Yutao Bai
- Phenomics Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Shweta Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Takshila Parisar, Indore, Madhya Pradesh 452 001, India
| | - Donald Wlodkowic
- Phenomics Laboratory, School of Science, RMIT University, Plenty Road, P.O. Box 71, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Nedaossadat Mirzadeh
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
| | - Suresh Bhargava
- Centre for Advanced Materials & Industrial Chemistry, School of Science, RMIT University, G.P.O. Box 2476, Melbourne 3001, Australia
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20
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Bhandari S, Sana S, Sridhar B, Shankaraiah N. Microwave‐Assisted One‐Pot [3+2] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides and 3‐Alkenyl Oxindoles: A Facile Approach to Pyrrolidine‐Fused Bis‐Spirooxindoles. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonal Bhandari
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad500037 India
| | - Sravani Sana
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad500037 India
| | - Balasubramanyam Sridhar
- Laboratoryof X-ray CrystallographyCSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad500007 India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal ChemistryNational Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Hyderabad500037 India
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