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Solidoro R, Miciaccia M, Bonaccorso C, Fortuna CG, Armenise D, Centonze A, Ferorelli S, Vitale P, Rodrigues P, Guimarães R, de Oliveira A, da Paz M, Rangel L, Sathler PC, Altomare A, Perrone MG, Scilimati A. A further pocket or conformational plasticity by mapping COX-1 catalytic site through modified-mofezolac structure-inhibitory activity relationships and their antiplatelet behavior. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 266:116135. [PMID: 38219659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase enzymes have distinct roles in cardiovascular, neurological, and neurodegenerative disease. They are differently expressed in different type of cancers. Specific and selective COXs inhibitors are needed to be used alone or in combo-therapies. Fully understand the differences at the catalytic site of the two cyclooxygenase (COX) isoforms is still opened to investigation. Thus, two series of novel compounds were designed and synthesized in fair to good yields using the highly selective COX-1 inhibitor mofezolac as the lead compound to explore a COX-1 zone formed by the polar residues Q192, S353, H90 and Y355, as well as hydrophobic amino acids I523, F518 and L352. According to the structure of the COX-1:mofezolac complex, hydrophobic amino acids appear to have free volume eventually accessible to the more sterically hindering groups than the methoxy linked to the phenyl groups of mofezolac, in particular the methoxyphenyl at C4-mofezolac isoxazole. Mofezolac bears two methoxyphenyl groups linked to C3 and C4 of the isoxazole core ring. Thus, in the novel compounds, one or both methoxy groups were replaced by the higher homologous ethoxy, normal and isopropyl, normal and tertiary butyl, and phenyl and benzyl. Furthermore, a major difference between the two sets of compounds is the presence of either a methyl or acetic moiety at the C5 of the isoxazole. Among the C5-methyl series, 12 (direct precursor of mofezolac) (COX-1 IC50 = 0.076 μM and COX-2 IC50 = 0.35 μM) and 15a (ethoxy replacing the two methoxy groups in 12; COX-1 IC50 = 0.23 μM and COX-2 IC50 > 50 μM) were still active and with a Selectivity Index (SI = COX-2 IC50/COX-1 IC50) = 5 and 217, respectively. The other symmetrically substituted alkoxyphenyl moietis were inactive at 50 μM final concentration. Among the asymmetrically substituted, only the 16a (methoxyphenyl on C3-isoxazole and ethoxyphenyl on C4-isoxazole) and 16b (methoxyphenyl on C3-isoxazole and n-propoxyphenyl on C4-isoxazole) were active with SI = 1087 and 38, respectively. Among the set of compounds with the acetic moiety, structurally more similar to mofezolac (SI = 6329), SI ranged between 1.4 and 943. It is noteworthy that 17b (n-propoxyphenyl on both C3- and C4-isoxazole) were found to be a COX-2 slightly selective inhibitor with SI = 0.072 (COX-1 IC50 > 50 μM and COX-2 IC50 = 3.6 μM). Platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA) can be in vitro suppressed by the synthesized compounds, without affecting of the secondary hemostasia, confirming the biological effect provided by the selective inhibition of COX-1. A positive profile of hemocompatibility in relation to erythrocyte and platelet toxicity was observed. Additionally, these compounds exhibited a positive profile of hemocompatibility and reduced cytotoxicity. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models and molecular modelling (Ligand and Structure based virtual screening procedures) provide key information on the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the COX-1 inhibitors as well as new insights into the mechanisms of inhibition that will be used to guide the development of more effective and selective compounds. X-ray analysis was used to confirm the chemical structure of 14 (MSA17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Solidoro
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmela Bonaccorso
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Heterocyclic Compounds ModHet, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cosimo Gianluca Fortuna
- Laboratory of Molecular Modelling and Heterocyclic Compounds ModHet, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Armenise
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Centonze
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Pryscila Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemostasis, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renilda Guimarães
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemostasis, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alana de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemostasis, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana da Paz
- Laboratory of Tumoral Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Rangel
- Laboratory of Tumoral Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- Laboratory of Experimental Hemostasis, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela Altomare
- Institute of Crystallography-CNR, Via Amendola 122/o, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Research Laboratory for Woman and Child Health, Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Sisa M, Konečný L, Temml V, Carazo A, Mladěnka P, Landa P. SC-560 and mofezolac isosteres as new potent COX-1 selective inhibitors with antiplatelet effect. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2200549. [PMID: 36772878 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitors can be employed as potential cardioprotective drugs. Moreover, COX-1 plays a key role in inflammatory processes and its activity is associated with some types of cancer. In this work, we designed and synthesized a set of compounds that structurally mimic the selective COX-1 inhibitors, SC-560 and mofezolac, the central cores of which were replaced either with triazole or benzene rings. The advantage of this approach is a relatively simple synthesis in comparison with the syntheses of parent compounds. The newly synthesized compounds exhibited remarkable activity and selectivity toward COX-1 in the enzymatic in vitro assay. The most potent compound, 10a (IC50 = 3 nM for COX-1 and 850 nM for COX-2), was as active as SC-560 (IC50 = 2.4 nM for COX-1 and 470 nM for COX-2) toward COX-1 and it was even more selective. The in vitro COX-1 enzymatic activity was further confirmed in the cell-based whole-blood antiplatelet assay, where three out of four selected compounds (10a,c,d, and 3b) exerted outstanding IC50 values in the nanomolar range (9-252 nM). Moreover, docking simulations were performed to reveal key interactions within the COX-1 binding pocket. Furthermore, the toxicity of the selected compounds was tested using the normal human kidney HK-2 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Sisa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Konečný
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové, Charles University, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Temml
- Department of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center of Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alejandro Carazo
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové, Charles University, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralové, Charles University, Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Landa
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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Foti P, Occhipinti PS, Russo N, Scilimati A, Miciaccia M, Caggia C, Perrone MG, Randazzo CL, Romeo FV. Olive Mill Wastewater Fermented with Microbial Pools as a New Potential Functional Beverage. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 28:molecules28020646. [PMID: 36677704 PMCID: PMC9866608 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Olive mill wastewater (OMWW) represents a by-product but also a source of biologically active compounds, and their recycling is a relevant strategy to recover income and to reduce environmental impact. The objective of the present study was to obtain a new functional beverage with a health-promoting effect starting from OMWW. Fresh OMWW were pre-treated through filtration and/or microfiltration and subjected to fermentation using strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Candida boidinii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus. During fermentation, phenolic content and hydroxytyrosol were monitored. Moreover, the biological assay of microfiltered fermented OMWW was detected versus tumor cell lines and as anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that in microfiltered OMWW, fermentation was successfully conducted, with the lowest pH values reached after 21 days. In addition, in all fermented samples, an increase in phenol and organic acid contents was detected. Particularly, in samples fermented with L. plantarum and C. boidinii in single and combined cultures, the concentration of hydroxytyrosol reached values of 925.6, 902.5 and 903.5 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, biological assays highlighted that fermentation determines an increase in the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of OMWW. Lastly, an increment in the active permeability on Caco-2 cell line was also revealed. In conclusion, results of the present study confirmed that the process applied here represents an effective strategy to achieve a new functional beverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Foti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paride S. Occhipinti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Nunziatina Russo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT (Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products), University of Catania, Via le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Cinzia L. Randazzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3 A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- ProBioEtna srl, Spin-Off of University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
- CERNUT (Interdepartmental Research Centre in Nutraceuticals and Health Products), University of Catania, Via le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Flora V. Romeo
- Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’Analisi dell’Economia Agraria (CREA), Centro di Ricerca Olivico-Tura, Frutticoltura e Agrumicoltura, Corso Savoia 190, 95024 Acireale, Italy
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Karakılıç E, Alım Z, Emirik M, Baran A. Some characteristics of new and innovative COX inhibitor derivatives: Potent hCA‐I and hCA‐II inhibitors supported by molecular docking studies. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Karakılıç
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
| | - Zuhal Alım
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Kırşehir Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts RecepTayyip Erdoğan University Rize Turkey
| | - Arif Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts Sakarya University Sakarya Turkey
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Araújo CDCB, Simon A, Honório TDS, da Silva SVC, Valle IMM, da Silva LCRP, Rodrigues CR, de Sousa VP, Cabral LM, Sathler PC, do Carmo FA. Development of rivaroxaban microemulsion-based hydrogel for transdermal treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111978. [PMID: 34293580 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a microemulsion (ME)-based hydrogel, containing propylene glycol, Azone®, Labrasol®, isobutanol and water (20:3:18:3:56), for the transdermal delivery of rivaroxaban (RVX). Formulation ME-1:RVX, which was loaded with 0.3 mg/g of RVX, presented as a clear, homogenous fluid with a droplet size of 82.01 ± 6.32 nm and a PdI of 0.207 ± 0.01. To provide gelation properties, 20 % (w/w) of Pluronic® F-127 was added to ME-1:RVX to generate formulation PME-1a. An added benefit was an increased capacity for RVX to 0.4 mg/g (formulation PME-1b). PME-1b displayed spherical droplets with a nanoscale diameter as observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. The release of RVX from PME-1b was 20.71 ± 0.76 μg/cm2 with a permeation through pig epidermis of 18.32 ± 8.87 μg/cm2 as measured in a Franz Cell for 24 h. PME-1b presented a pseudoplastic behavior, pH value compatible with the skin and good stability over 60 days at room and elevated temperatures. The prothrombin time was assessed for each concentration of RVX obtained in the permeation assay and each demonstrated a relevant anticoagulant activity. PME-1b also presented no cytotoxicity against HaCaT cells. Utilizing GastroPlus® software, an in silico analysis was performed to simulate the delivery of PME-1b through a transdermal system that suggested a minimum dose of RVX for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism could be achieved with an 8 h administration regimen. These results suggest that PME-1b is a promising transdermal formulation for the effective delivery of RVX that could be a viable alternative for the treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina da Costa Bernardes Araújo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Alice Simon
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Thiago da Silva Honório
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Silvia Valéria Cruz da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Isabella Mourão Machado Valle
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Rodrigues Pereira da Silva
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almada do Carmo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, 21.941-902, Brazil.
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Machado ME, de Souza Furtado P, da Costa Bernardes Araújo C, Simon A, de Moraes MC, Rodrigues Pereira da Silva LC, do Carmo FA, Cabral LM, Sathler PC. Novel rivaroxaban-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poloxamer nanoparticles: preparation, physicochemical characterization, in vitro evaluation of time-dependent anticoagulant activity and toxicological profile. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:135101. [PMID: 33276347 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abd0b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rivaroxaban (RXB), an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor, presents innovative therapeutic profile. However, RXB has shown adverse effects, mainly due to pharmacokinetic limitations, highlighting the importance of developing more effective formulations. Therefore, this work aims at the preparation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation of time-dependent anticoagulant activity and toxicology profile of RXB-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)/poloxamer nanoparticles (RXBNps). RXBNp were produced by nanoprecipitation method and physicochemical characteristics were evaluated. In vitro analysis of time-dependent anticoagulant activity was performed by prothrombin time test and toxicological profile was assessed by hemolysis and MTT reduction assays. The developed RXBNp present spherical morphology with average diameter of 205.5 ± 16.95 nm (PdI 0.096 ± 0.04), negative zeta potential (-26.28 ± 0.77 mV), entrapment efficiency of 91.35 ± 2.40%, yield of 41.81 ± 1.68% and 3.72 ± 0.07% of drug loading. Drug release was characterized by an initial fast release followed by a sustained release with 28.34 ± 2.82% of RXB available in 72 h. RXBNp showed an expressive time-dependent anticoagulant activity in human and rat blood plasma and non-toxic profile. Based on the results presented, it is possible to consider that RXBNp may be able to assist in the development of promising new therapies for treatment of thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique Etnea Machado
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco A Subsolo, sl24, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Priscila de Souza Furtado
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco A Subsolo, sl24, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Cristina da Costa Bernardes Araújo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco A Subsolo, sl24, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco L Subsolo, sl20, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Alice Simon
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco L Subsolo, sl20, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Marcela Cristina de Moraes
- Fluminense Federal University, Department of Organic Chemistry, Outeiro de São João Batista s/n, Niterói, RJ, CEP 24210-240, Brazil
| | - Luiz Cláudio Rodrigues Pereira da Silva
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco L Subsolo, sl20, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almada do Carmo
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco L Subsolo, sl20, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco L Subsolo, sl20, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bloco A Subsolo, sl24, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
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Three-dimensional structure of human cyclooxygenase (hCOX)-1. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4312. [PMID: 33619313 PMCID: PMC7900114 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83438-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of Cyclooxygenases (COX) inhibitors on human health have been known for thousands of years. Nevertheless, COXs, particularly COX-1, have been linked to a plethora of human diseases such as cancer, heart failure, neurological and neurodegenerative diseases only recently. COXs catalyze the first step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) and are among the most important mediators of inflammation. All published structural work on COX-1 deals with the ovine isoenzyme, which is easier to produce in milligram-quantities than the human enzyme and crystallizes readily. Here, we report the long-sought structure of the human cyclooxygenase-1 (hCOX-1) that we refined to an R/Rfree of 20.82/26.37, at 3.36 Å resolution. hCOX-1 structure provides a detailed picture of the enzyme active site and the residues crucial for inhibitor/substrate binding and catalytic activity. We compared hCOX-1 crystal structure with the ovine COX-1 and human COX-2 structures by using metrics based on Cartesian coordinates, backbone dihedral angles, and solvent accessibility coupled with multivariate methods. Differences and similarities among structures are discussed, with emphasis on the motifs responsible for the diversification of the various enzymes (primary structure, stability, catalytic activity, and specificity). The structure of hCOX-1 represents an essential step towards the development of new and more selective COX-1 inhibitors of enhanced therapeutic potential.
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Perrone MG, Miciaccia M, Vitale P, Ferorelli S, Araújo CDCB, de Almeida GS, Souza Domingos TF, da Silva LCRP, de Pádula M, Cabral LM, Sathler PC, Bonaccorso C, Fortuna CG, Scilimati A. An attempt to chemically state the cross-talk between monomers of COX homodimers by double/hybrid inhibitors mofezolac-spacer-mofezolac and mofezolac-spacer-arachidonic acid. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112919. [PMID: 33129592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for over 17 million death globally each year, including arterial thrombosis. Platelets are key components in the pathogenesis of this disease and modulating their activity is an effective strategy to treat such thrombotic events. Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme is involved in platelet activation and is the main target of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and new selective inhibitor research. Inhibitors of general formula mofezolac-spacer-mofezolac (mof-spacer-mof) and mofezolac-spacer-arachidonic acid (mof-spacer-AA) were projected to investigate the possible cross-talk between the two monomers (Eallo and Ecat) forming the COX-1 homodimer. Mofezolac was chosen as either one or two moieties of these molecules being the known most potent and selective COX-1 inhibitor and administrated to humans as Disopain™, then arachidonic acid (AA) was used to develop molecules bearing, in the same compound, in addition to the inhibitor moiety (mofezolac) also the natural COX substrate. Depending on the nature of the spacer, COX-1 and COX-2 activity was differently inhibited by mof-spacer-mof set with a preferential COX-1 inhibition. The highest COX-1 selectivity was exhibited by the compound in which the spacer was the benzidine [N,N'-(biphenyl-4,4'-di-yl)bis (2-[3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]acetamide) (15): COX-1 IC50 = 0.08 μM, COX-2 IC50 > 50 μM, Selectivity Index (SI) > 625]. In the case of mof-spacer-AA set, the COX inhibitory potency and also the isoform preference changed. (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-N-(4-{2-[3,4-Bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]acetamido}butyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide (19) and (5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-N-(4'-{2-[3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]acetamido}-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide (21), in which the spacer is the 1,2-diaminobutane or benzidine, respectively, selectively inhibited the COX-2, whereas when the spacer is the 1,4-phenylendiamine [(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)-N-(4-{2-[3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl]acetamido}phenyl)icosa-5,8,11,14-tetraenamide) (20) the COX preference is COX-1 (COX-1 IC50 = 0.05 μM, COX-2 IC50 > 50 μM, with a COX-1 selectivity > 1000). Molecular modelling by using FLAP algorithm shows fundamental interactions of the novel compounds at the entry channel of COX and inside its catalytic cavity. The effect of these mof-spacer-mof and mof-spacer-AA in inhibiting in vitro free arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation was also determined. A positive profile of hemocompatibility in relation to their influence on the blood coagulation cascade and erythrocyte toxicity was observed. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity safety were also found for these two novel sets of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Grazia Perrone
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Paola Vitale
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Savina Ferorelli
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Cristina da Costa Bernardes Araújo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Silva de Almeida
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Francielle Souza Domingos
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Center of Health Sciences, Carlos Chagas Filho Avenue, 373, 21941599, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carmela Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cosimo G Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Science, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Department of Pharmacy - Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
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Dai Y, Guo X, Yang C. Effect of bortezomib on proliferation and apoptosis of myeloma cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:1295-1299. [PMID: 32724371 PMCID: PMC7377063 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Effect of bortezomib on proliferation and apoptosis of myeloma cells by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was investigated. Myeloma cells RPMI-8226 treated with different concentrations of bortezomib were used as experimental groups, and the untreated cells were used as the control group. The proliferation and apoptosis in all groups of cells were detected, as well as the expression levels of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins, β-catenin and c-Myc. The results revealed that bortezomib could inhibit the proliferation of myeloma cells. The apoptotic rates of RPMI-8226 cells in the groups treated with 20, 50 and 80 nmol/l of bortezomib were 12.08±0.61, 35.97±3.11 and 57.22±5.47%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that in the control group (8.28±0.39%) (P<0.05). The expression levels of β-catenin and c-Myc in the experimental groups were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Bortezomib can reduce the expression level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related proteins, β-catenin and c-Myc, and may inhibit cell proliferation and accelerate apoptosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Dai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomin Guo
- School of Nursing, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chuxiong Medical College, Chuxiong, Yunnan 675000, P.R. China
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Intelligent Microarray Data Analysis through Non-negative Matrix Factorization to Study Human Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9245552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Microarray data are a kind of numerical non-negative data used to collect gene expression profiles. Since the number of genes in DNA is huge, they are usually high dimensional, therefore they require dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques to extract useful information. In this paper we use NMF, non-negative matrix factorization, to analyze microarray data, and also develop “intelligent” results visualization with the aim to facilitate the analysis of the domain experts. For this purpose, a case study based on the analysis of the gene expression profiles (GEPs), representative of the human multiple myeloma diseases, was investigated in 40 human myeloma cell lines (HMCLs). The aim of the experiments was to study the genes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism in order to detect gene patterns that possibly could be connected to the different gene expression profiles of multiple myeloma. NMF results have been verified by western blotting analysis in six HMCLs of proteins expressed by some of the most abundantly expressed genes. The experiments showed the effectiveness of NMF in intelligently analyzing microarray data.
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