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Anti-HIV Potential of Beesioside I Derivatives as Maturation Inhibitors: Synthesis, 3D-QSAR, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021430. [PMID: 36674943 PMCID: PMC9867151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 maturation is the final step in the retroviral lifecycle that is regulated by the proteolytic cleavage of the Gag precursor protein. As a first-in-class HIV-1 maturation inhibitor (MI), bevirimat blocks virion maturation by disrupting capsid-spacer peptide 1 (CA-SP1) cleavage, which acts as the target of MIs. Previous alterations of beesioside I (1) produced (20S,24S)-15ꞵ,16ꞵ-diacetoxy-18,24; 20,24-diepoxy-9,19-cyclolanostane-3ꞵ,25-diol 3-O-3′,3′-dimethylsuccinate (3, DSC), showing similar anti-HIV potency compared to bevirimat. To ascertain the binding modes of this derivative, further modification of compound 1 was conducted. Three-dimensional quantitative structure−activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis combined with docking simulations and molecular dynamics (MD) were conducted. Five new derivatives were synthesized, among which compound 3b showed significant activity against HIV-1NL4-3 with an EC50 value of 0.28 µM. The developed 3D-QSAR model resulted in great predictive ability with training set (r2 = 0.99, q2 = 0.55). Molecular docking studies were complementary to the 3D-QSAR analysis, showing that DSC was differently bound to CA-SP1 with higher affinity than that of bevirimat. MD studies revealed that the complex of the ligand and the protein was stable, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values <2.5 Å. The above results provided valuable insights into the potential of DSC as a prototype to develop new antiviral agents.
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Xu Z, Eichler B, Klausner EA, Duffy-Matzner J, Zheng W. Lead/Drug Discovery from Natural Resources. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238280. [PMID: 36500375 PMCID: PMC9736696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be effective drug candidates against various diseases for many years. Over a long period of time, nature has produced an abundant and prosperous source pool for novel therapeutic agents with distinctive structures. Major natural-product-based drugs approved for clinical use include anti-infectives and anticancer agents. This paper will review some natural-product-related potent anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial and antimalarial drugs or lead compounds mainly discovered from 2016 to 2022. Structurally typical marine bioactive products are also included. Molecular modeling, machine learning, bioinformatics and other computer-assisted techniques that are very important in narrowing down bioactive core structural scaffolds and helping to design new structures to fight against key disease-associated molecular targets based on available natural products are considered and briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
- Institute of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, 400 Goody’s Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(605)-274-5008
| | - Barrett Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Eytan A. Klausner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, 400 Goody’s Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
| | - Jetty Duffy-Matzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Weifan Zheng
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Darshani P, Sen Sarma S, Srivastava AK, Baishya R, Kumar D. Anti-viral triterpenes: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1761-1842. [PMID: 35283698 PMCID: PMC8896976 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes are naturally occurring derivatives biosynthesized following the isoprene rule of Ruzicka. The triterpenes have been reported to possess a wide range of therapeutic applications including anti-viral properties. In this review, the recent studies (2010-2020) concerning the anti-viral activities of triterpenes have been summarized. The structure activity relationship studies have been described as well as brief biosynthesis of these triterpenes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Darshani
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Sen Sarma
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit K. Srivastava
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Rinku Baishya
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), NH-37, Pulibor, Jorhat, Assam India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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Popović-Djordjević J, Quispe C, Giordo R, Kostić A, Katanić Stanković JS, Tsouh Fokou PV, Carbone K, Martorell M, Kumar M, Pintus G, Sharifi-Rad J, Docea AO, Calina D. Natural products and synthetic analogues against HIV: A perspective to develop new potential anti-HIV drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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de Almeida Maia CM, Pasetto S, Silva JPRE, Tavares JF, de Brito Costa EMM, Murata RM. Anandenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan as an inhibitor of HIV-1 BaL infection. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:1621-1625. [PMID: 33729064 PMCID: PMC9078876 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1892097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We reported the in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity, cytotoxicity, cytokines expression and chemical profile of Anadenanthera colubrina. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on TZM-bl, HL2/3 cells and macrophages. Anti-HIV-1 activity was determined by Luciferase assay (TZM-bl cells) and by HIV-p24 quantification (macrophages) assessed by ELISA. TZM-bl and HL2/3 cells were used to determine cell-cell fusion inhibition. Cytokines expression was assessed by ELISA. Chemical composition was determined by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. At 66.6 µg/mL, the extract maintained the cell viability above 90%. At 33.28 µg/mL, the extract reduced 82.8% of HIV-1 infection (TZM-bl cells) and HIV-p24 expression (macrophages). The extract inhibited approximately 70% of TZM-bl and HL2/3 cells fusion. Extract did't induce inflammatory response. Phytochemical analysis showed presence of flavonoid, phenolic acids, fatty acids and sugars. This is the first study presenting the anti-HIV effect of A. colubrina, showing low cytotoxicity and no inflammatory stimuli, important requirements for a microbicide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Medeiros de Almeida Maia
- School of Dental Medicine School of Dental Medicine, Department of Foundational Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America,Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, State University of Paraiba, Campina Grande, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Silvana Pasetto
- School of Dental Medicine School of Dental Medicine, Department of Foundational Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joanda Paola Raimundo e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- School of Dental Medicine School of Dental Medicine, Department of Foundational Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States of America
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Wu HF, Morris-Natschke SL, Xu XD, Yang MH, Cheng YY, Yu SS, Lee KH. Recent advances in natural anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2339-2385. [PMID: 32666531 DOI: 10.1002/med.21708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic is one of the world's most serious health challenges. Although combination antiretroviral therapy provides effective viral suppression, current medicines used against HIV cannot completely eradicate the infectious disease and often have associated toxicities and severe side effects in addition to causing drug resistance. Therefore, the continued development of new antiviral agents with diverse structures and novel mechanisms of action remains a vital need for the management of HIV/AIDS. Natural products are an important source of drug discovery, and certain triterpenes and their analogs have demonstrated potential as pharmaceutical precursors for the treatment of HIV. Over the past decade, natural triterpenoids and analogs have been extensively studied to find new anti-HIV drugs. This review discusses the anti-HIV triterpenoids and analogs reported during the period of 2009-2019. The article includes not only a comprehensive review of the recent anti-HIV agent development from the perspective of medicinal chemistry, but also discusses structure-activity relationship analyses of the described triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Feng Wu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Susan L Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xu-Dong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery based on Classic Chinese Medicine Prescription, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Shan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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