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Binmujlli MA. Radiological and Molecular Analysis of Radioiodinated Anastrozole and Epirubicin as Innovative Radiopharmaceuticals Targeting Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase 2 in Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:616. [PMID: 38794278 PMCID: PMC11126143 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In the dynamic field of radiopharmaceuticals, innovating targeted agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy is crucial. Our study enriches this evolving landscape by evaluating the potential of radioiodinated anastrozole ([125I]anastrozole) and radioiodinated epirubicin ([125I]epirubicin) as targeting agents against MTHFD2-driven tumors. MTHFD2, which is pivotal in one-carbon metabolism, is notably upregulated in various cancers, presenting a novel target for radiopharmaceutical application. Through molecular docking and 200 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we assess the binding efficiency and stability of [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin with MTHFD2. Molecular docking illustrates that [125I]epirubicin has a superior binding free energy (∆Gbind) of -41.25 kJ/mol compared to -39.07 kJ/mol for [125I]anastrozole and -38.53 kJ/mol for the control ligand, suggesting that it has a higher affinity for MTHFD2. MD simulations reinforce this, showing stable binding, as evidenced by root mean square deviation (RMSD) values within a narrow range, underscoring the structural integrity of the enzyme-ligand complexes. The root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) analysis indicates consistent dynamic behavior of the MTHFD2 complex upon binding with [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin akin to the control. The radius of gyration (RG) measurements of 16.90 Å for MTHFD2-[125I]anastrozole and 16.84 Å for MTHFD2-[125I]epirubicin confirm minimal structural disruption upon binding. The hydrogen bond analysis reveals averages of two and three stable hydrogen bonds for [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin complexes, respectively, highlighting crucial stabilizing interactions. The MM-PBSA calculations further endorse the thermodynamic favorability of these interactions, with binding free energies of -48.49 ± 0.11 kJ/mol for [125I]anastrozole and -43.8 kJ/mol for MTHFD2-. The significant contribution of Van der Waals and electrostatic interactions to the binding affinities of [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin, respectively, underscores their potential efficacy for targeted tumor imaging and therapy. These computational findings lay the groundwork for the future experimental validation of [125I]anastrozole and [125I]epirubicin as MTHFD2 inhibitors, heralding a notable advancement in precision oncology tools. The data necessitate subsequent in vitro and in vivo assays to corroborate these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazen Abdulrahman Binmujlli
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Kondo Y, Kimura H, Chisaka R, Hattori Y, Kawashima H, Yasui H. One-pot two-step radioiodination based on copper-mediated iododeboronation and azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:714-717. [PMID: 38108251 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04787c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
This methodology demonstrates the ability to sequentially regulate copper-mediated radioiododeboronation and an azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, which facilitates the continuous incorporation of reagents into the reaction system and mediates the integration of the purification steps into the final process. Additionally, this reaction is suited to be conducted under mild conditions and yields target compounds through potent radiochemical conversions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kondo
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
- Division of Probe Chemistry for Disease Analysis, Research Center for Experimental Modeling of Human Disease, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Ryota Chisaka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kawashima
- Radioisotope Research Center, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan.
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Kondo Y, Kimura H, Sasaki M, Koike S, Yagi Y, Hattori Y, Kawashima H, Yasui H. Effect of Water on Direct Radioiodination of Small Molecules/Peptides Using Copper-Mediated Iododeboronation in Water-Alcohol Solvent. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24418-24425. [PMID: 37457489 PMCID: PMC10339446 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Direct radioiodination of peptides using copper-mediated iododeboronation is a promising radiosynthetic method for solving issues of classical direct radiolabeling, such as toxicity of the organotin precursor (iododestannylation) or formation of radio byproducts (by electrophilic iodination of a tyrosine residue). However, the parameters for optimizing the reaction conditions for various peptides are not completely understood. In particular, considering peptide solubility, the effects of water-containing solvents on labeling efficiency should be thoroughly investigated. Herein, we describe the effect of water on copper-mediated radioiododeboronation and the key factors for ensuring the successful radiolabeling of small molecules and peptides in water-organic solvents. 125I-labeled substrates containing peptides ([125I]m/p-IBTA) were obtained with high radiochemical conversions (RCCs: >95%) using an alcohol solvent, and a decrease in these RCCs was observed with increasing water content in the methanol solvent. Additionally, when using water-methanol solvents, a difference in RCC due to the substituent effect was also observed. However, the RCCs can be improved without the use of other additives by adjusting the copper catalyst and time of the labeling reaction or by utilizing substituent effects. This study contributes to the improvement of the design of boronic peptide precursors and radiolabeling protocols using copper-mediated iododeboronation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kondo
- Department
of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and
Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kimura
- Department
of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and
Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Minon Sasaki
- Department
of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and
Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Sumina Koike
- Department
of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and
Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yagi
- Department
of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and
Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
- Department
of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Medicinal Science, Kyoto College of Medical Science, 1-3 Imakita, Oyama-higashi, Sonobe, Nantan, Kyoto 622-0022, Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center
for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 1 Shichono-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Kawashima
- Radioisotope
Research Center, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Shichono-cho,
Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasui
- Department
of Analytical and Bioinorganic Chemistry, Division of Analytical and
Physical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical
University, 5 Nakauchi-cho, Misasagi, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8414, Japan
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Daruwati I, Gwiharto AK, Wongso H, Achmad TH, Syaifudin M, Muchtaridi M. Method development, validation, and impurity measurement of β-estradiol from radiolabeled [ 131I]β-estradiol using radio-high-performance liquid chromatography for radioligand of saturation binding assay. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2023; 14:105-112. [PMID: 37255880 PMCID: PMC10226700 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_624_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
β-estradiol is an estrogen steroid hormone and acts as an estrogen receptor agonist. Radiolabeled β-estradiol is widely used as a radioligand for binding assays. In this present study, the synthesis of [131I]β-estradiol has been successfully carried out. Accordingly, the measurement of the radiochemical purity (RCP) value and the presence of chemical impurities are needed. To validate the method for identifying the RCP and chemical impurities from [131I]β-estradiol using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The synthesis of [131I]β-estradiol was accomplished by a radioiodination reaction, and the RCP was determined by radio-HPLC. The method for β-estradiol measurement was validated by reversed-phase HPLC radio-analytical employing ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and radioactive detector. The method for radio-HPLC analysis was validated and established using a C-18 column and MeCN: H2O (55:45 v/v) as the mobile phase. The following conditions were applied: a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min, isocratic, and a UV-Vis detector at 280 nm. The RCP of [131I]β-estradiol measured by thin-layer chromatography and radio-HPLC was 99.27% ± 1.25% and 95.75% ± 2.41%, respectively. The validation parameters were appropriate and met the requirements for acceptance. HPLC analysis was able to identify the presence of unlabeled estradiol (24.51%-27.29%) in the mixture of [131I]β-estradiol. As a result, purification using preparative HPLC or other methods will be required in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isti Daruwati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Nuclear Energy Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Abednego Kristande Gwiharto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Hendris Wongso
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Nuclear Energy Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Tri Hanggono Achmad
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical, and Biodosimetry Technology, Nuclear Energy Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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Cheng Y, Shi D, Ye R, Fu W, Ma P, Si Z, Xu Z, Li L, Lin Q, Cheng D. Noninvasive evaluation of PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung cancer by immunoPET imaging using an acylating agent-modified antibody fragment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:1585-1596. [PMID: 36759371 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore an effective 124I labeling strategy and improve the signal-to-noise ratio when evaluating the expression of PD-L1 using an 124I-iodinated durvalumab (durva) F(ab')2 fragment. METHODS The prepared durva F(ab')2 fragments were incubated with N-succinimidyl-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (SHPP); after purification, the HPP-durva F(ab')2 was iodinated using Iodo-Gen method. After the radiochemical purity, stability, and specific activities were determined, the binding affinities of probes prepared using different labeling strategies were compared in vitro. The clinical application value of [124I]I-HPP-durva-F(ab')2 was confirmed by PET imaging. To more objectively evaluate the in vivo distribution and clearance of tracers, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution assays were also performed. RESULTS After being modified with SHPP, the average conjugation number of SHPP per durva-F(ab')2 identified by LC-MS was about 8.92 ± 2.84. The prepared [124I]I-HPP-durva F(ab')2 was obtained with a satisfactory radiochemical purity of more than 98% and stability of more than 93% when incubated for 72 h. Compared with unmodified [124I]I-durva F(ab')2, the specific activity of [124I]I-HPP-durva-F(ab')2 was improved (52.91 ± 5.55 MBq/mg and 15.91 ± 0.74 MBq/mg), while the affinity did not significantly change. The biodistribution experiments and PET imaging showed that the prepared [124I]I-HPP-durva-F(ab')2 exhibited an accelerated clearance and improved tumor-to-background ratio compared with [124I]I-durva-F(ab')2. The specificity of [124I]I-HPP-durva-F(ab')2 to PD-L1 was well demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS A PD-L1 PET imaging probe [124I]I-HPP-durva F(ab')2 was successfully synthesized through the SHPP modification strategy. The prepared probe was able to accurately evaluate the PD-L1 expression level through high-contrast noninvasive imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dai Shi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Renjie Ye
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wenhui Fu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Pengcheng Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhan Si
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lixin Li
- Department of Hepatic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qingyu Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Dengfeng Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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6
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Dobre EG, Surcel M, Constantin C, Ilie MA, Caruntu A, Caruntu C, Neagu M. Skin Cancer Pathobiology at a Glance: A Focus on Imaging Techniques and Their Potential for Improved Diagnosis and Surveillance in Clinical Cohorts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021079. [PMID: 36674595 PMCID: PMC9866322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is essential for completely eradicating skin cancer and maximizing patients' clinical benefits. Emerging optical imaging modalities such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared (NIR) bioimaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and their combinations provide non-invasive imaging data that may help in the early detection of cutaneous tumors and surgical planning. Hence, they seem appropriate for observing dynamic processes such as blood flow, immune cell activation, and tumor energy metabolism, which may be relevant for disease evolution. This review discusses the latest technological and methodological advances in imaging techniques that may be applied for skin cancer detection and monitoring. In the first instance, we will describe the principle and prospective clinical applications of the most commonly used imaging techniques, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of their implementation in the clinical setting. We will also highlight how imaging techniques may complement the molecular and histological approaches in sharpening the non-invasive skin characterization, laying the ground for more personalized approaches in skin cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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Petrov SA, Yusubov MS, Beloglazkina EK, Nenajdenko VG. Synthesis of Radioiodinated Compounds. Classical Approaches and Achievements of Recent Years. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13789. [PMID: 36430267 PMCID: PMC9698107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review demonstrates the progress in the synthesis of radioiodinated compounds over the past decade. The possibilities and limitations of radiopharmaceuticals with different iodine isotopes, as well as the synthesis of low and high molecular weight compounds containing radioiodine, are discussed. An analysis of synthesis strategies, substrate frameworks, isolation methods, and metabolic stability, and the possibility of industrial production of radioiodinated organic derivatives which can find applications in the synthesis of drugs and diagnostics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav A. Petrov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mekhman S. Yusubov
- Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, The Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Elena K. Beloglazkina
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine G. Nenajdenko
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Edelmann MR. Radiolabelling small and biomolecules for tracking and monitoring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:32383-32400. [PMID: 36425706 PMCID: PMC9650631 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabelling small molecules with beta-emitters has been intensively explored in the last decades and novel concepts for the introduction of radionuclides continue to be reported regularly. New catalysts that induce carbon/hydrogen activation are able to incorporate isotopes such as deuterium or tritium into small molecules. However, these established labelling approaches have limited applicability for nucleic acid-based drugs, therapeutic antibodies, or peptides, which are typical of the molecules now being investigated as novel therapeutic modalities. These target molecules are usually larger (significantly >1 kDa), mostly multiply charged, and often poorly soluble in organic solvents. However, in preclinical research they often require radiolabelling in order to track and monitor drug candidates in metabolism, biotransformation, or pharmacokinetic studies. Currently, the most established approach to introduce a tritium atom into an oligonucleotide is based on a multistep synthesis, which leads to a low specific activity with a high level of waste and high costs. The most common way of tritiating peptides is using appropriate precursors. The conjugation of a radiolabelled prosthetic compound to a functional group within a protein sequence is a commonly applied way to introduce a radionuclide or a fluorescent tag into large molecules. This review highlights the state-of-the-art in different radiolabelling approaches for oligonucleotides, peptides, and proteins, as well as a critical assessment of the impact of the label on the properties of the modified molecules. Furthermore, applications of radiolabelled antibodies in biodistribution studies of immune complexes and imaging of brain targets are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Edelmann
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Therapeutic Modalities, Small Molecule Research, Isotope Synthesis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd CH-4070 Basel Switzerland
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9
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Kondo Y, Kimura H, Sasaki I, Watanabe S, Ohshima Y, Yagi Y, Hattori Y, Koda M, Kawashima H, Yasui H, Ishioka NS. Copper-mediated radioiodination and radiobromination via aryl boronic precursor and its application to 125I/77Br–labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen imaging probes. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 69:116915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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10
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Gong J, Zhao L, Yang J, Zhu M, Zhao J. [99mTc]Tc-Labeled Plectin-Targeting Peptide as a Novel SPECT Probe for Tumor Imaging. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14050996. [PMID: 35631582 PMCID: PMC9146797 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Certain receptors are often overexpressed during tumor occurrence and development and closely correlate with carcinogenesis. Owing to its overexpression on the cell membrane and cytoplasm of various tumors, plectin, which is involved in tumor proliferation, migration, and invasion, has been viewed as a promising target for cancer imaging. Hence, plectin-targeting agents have great potential as imaging probes for tumor diagnosis. In this study, we developed a [99mTc]Tc-labeled plectin-targeted peptide (PTP) as a novel single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probe for tumor imaging and investigated its pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and targeting ability in several types of tumor-bearing mouse models. The PTP had good biocompatibility and targeting ability to tumor cells in vitro and could be readily labeled with [99mTc]Tc after modification with the bifunctional chelator 6-hydrazino nicotinamide (HYNIC). Furthermore, the prepared [99mTc]Tc-labeled PTP ([99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PTP) showed high radiochemical purity and excellent stability in vitro. In addition, favorable biodistribution, fast blood clearance, and clear accumulation of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PTP in several types of tumors were observed, with a good correlation between tumor uptake and plectin expression levels. These results indicate the potential of [99mTc]Tc-HYNIC-PTP as a novel SPECT probe for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Gong
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (J.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (J.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Jiqin Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-3779-8352 (J.Z.)
| | - Meilin Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-3779-8352 (J.Z.)
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China; (J.G.); (L.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (M.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-21-3779-8352 (J.Z.)
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Sobral DV, Fuscaldi LL, Durante ACR, Mendonça FF, de Oliveira LR, Miranda ACC, Mejia J, Montor WR, de Barboza MF, Malavolta L. Comparative Evaluation of Radiochemical and Biological Properties of 131I- and [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-Labeled RGD Analogues Planned to Interact with the αvβ3 Integrin Expressed in Glioblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020116. [PMID: 35215229 PMCID: PMC8876959 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiolabeled peptides with high specificity for overexpressed receptors in tumor cells hold great promise for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this work, we aimed at comparing the radiolabeling efficiency and biological properties of two different RGD analogs: GRGDYV and GRGDHV, labeled with iodine-131 (131I) and technetium-99m-tricarbonyl complex [99mTc][Tc(CO)3]+. Additionally, we evaluated their interaction with the αvβ3 integrin molecule, overexpressed in a wide variety of tumors, including glioblastoma. Both peptides were chemically synthesized, purified and radiolabeled with 131I and [99mTc][Tc(CO)3]+ using the chloramine-T and tricarbonyl methodologies, respectively. The stability, binding to serum proteins and partition coefficient were evaluated for both radioconjugates. In addition, the binding and internalization of radiopeptides to rat C6 glioblastoma cells and rat brain homogenates from normal animals and a glioblastoma-induced model were assessed. Finally, ex vivo biodistribution studies were carried out. Radiochemical yields between 95–98% were reached for both peptides under optimized radiolabeling conditions. Both peptides were stable for up to 24 h in saline solution and in human serum. In addition, the radiopeptides have hydrophilic characteristics and a percentage of binding to serum proteins around 35% and 50% for the [131I]I-GRGDYV and [99mTc]Tc(CO)3-GRGDHV fragments, respectively. Radiopeptides showed the capacity of binding and internalization both in cell culture (C6) and rat brain homogenates. Biodistribution studies corroborated the results obtained with brain homogenates and confirmed the different binding characteristics due to the exchange of radionuclides and the presence of the tricarbonyl complex. Thereby, the results showed that both radiopeptides might be considered for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle V. Sobral
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; (D.V.S.); (L.L.F.); (F.F.M.); (L.R.d.O.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Leonardo L. Fuscaldi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; (D.V.S.); (L.L.F.); (F.F.M.); (L.R.d.O.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Ana Claudia R. Durante
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.D.); (A.C.C.M.); (J.M.); (M.F.d.B.)
| | - Fernanda F. Mendonça
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; (D.V.S.); (L.L.F.); (F.F.M.); (L.R.d.O.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Larissa R. de Oliveira
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; (D.V.S.); (L.L.F.); (F.F.M.); (L.R.d.O.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Ana Cláudia C. Miranda
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.D.); (A.C.C.M.); (J.M.); (M.F.d.B.)
| | - Jorge Mejia
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.D.); (A.C.C.M.); (J.M.); (M.F.d.B.)
| | - Wagner R. Montor
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; (D.V.S.); (L.L.F.); (F.F.M.); (L.R.d.O.); (W.R.M.)
| | - Marycel F. de Barboza
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.D.); (A.C.C.M.); (J.M.); (M.F.d.B.)
| | - Luciana Malavolta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Sciences, Sao Paulo 01221-020, Brazil; (D.V.S.); (L.L.F.); (F.F.M.); (L.R.d.O.); (W.R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +55-11-3367-7790
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1)-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains an important neurological manifestation in HIV-1-infected (HIV+) patients. Furthermore, the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) detection in the central nervous system (CNS) and its ability to form toxic assemblies in the brain has been recently confirmed. Here we show for the first time using both an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) model and in vivo biodistribution studies in healthy mice that p17 can cross the BBB. There is fast brain uptake with 0.35 ± 0.19% of injected activity per gram of tissue (I.A./g) two minutes after administration, followed by brain accumulation with 0.28 ± 0.09% I.A./g after 1 h. The interaction of p17 with the chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) at the surface of brain endothelial cells triggers transcytosis. The present study supports the hypothesis of a direct role of free p17 in neuronal dysfunction in HAND by demonstrating its intrinsic ability to reach the CNS. IMPORTANCE The number of patients affected by HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) ranges from 30 to 50% of HIV-infected (HIV+) patients. The mechanisms leading to HAND development need to be elucidated, but the role of secreted viral proteins, chemokines, and proinflammatory molecules appears to be clear. In particular, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a route for entry into the central nervous system (CNS) thus playing an important role in HAND. Several findings suggest a key role for the HIV-1 matrix protein p17 (p17) as a microenvironmental factor capable of inducing neurocognitive disorders. Here we show, the ability of the p17 to cross the BBB and to reach the CNS thus playing a crucial role in neuronal dysfunction in HAND.
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Machado JF, Correia JDG, Morais TS. Emerging Molecular Receptors for the Specific-Target Delivery of Ruthenium and Gold Complexes into Cancer Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:3153. [PMID: 34070457 PMCID: PMC8197480 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin and derivatives are highly effective in the treatment of a wide range of cancer types; however, these metallodrugs display low selectivity, leading to severe side effects. Additionally, their administration often results in the development of chemoresistance, which ultimately results in therapeutic failure. This scenario triggered the study of other transition metals with innovative pharmacological profiles as alternatives to platinum, ruthenium- (e.g., KP1339 and NAMI-A) and gold-based (e.g., Auranofin) complexes being among the most advanced in terms of clinical evaluation. Concerning the importance of improving the in vivo selectivity of metal complexes and the current relevance of ruthenium and gold metals, this review article aims to survey the main research efforts made in the past few years toward the design and biological evaluation of target-specific ruthenium and gold complexes. Herein, we give an overview of the inorganic and organometallic molecules conjugated to different biomolecules for targeting membrane proteins, namely cell adhesion molecules, G-protein coupled receptors, and growth factor receptors. Complexes that recognize the progesterone receptors or other targets involved in metabolic pathways such as glucose transporters are discussed as well. Finally, we describe some complexes aimed at recognizing cell organelles or compartments, mitochondria being the most explored. The few complexes addressing targeted gene therapy are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Franco Machado
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139, 7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139, 7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Tânia S. Morais
- Centro de Química Estrutural and Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
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Shamsel-Din HA, Gizawy MA. A novel dipeptide coupled with pyrazine-oxadiazole derivative as a potential antitubercular agent: Synthesis, radioiodination and bioevaluation. Appl Radiat Isot 2021; 173:109719. [PMID: 33915408 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2021.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium and usually attack the lung. Synthesis of new dipeptide derivatives attached to antitubercular active heterocyclic rings like pyrazine and 1,3,4-oxadiazole called ethyl 2-(2-(5-((pyrazin-2-ylamino) methyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio) acetamido) acetamido)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (EPOGTP) and iodinated EPOGTP are reported. The compounds have been characterized by mass, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Their in vitro investigation against Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell line indicated good IC50value of 210 μg/ml for EPOGTP and 86 μg/ml for iodo-EPOGTP. For study the biodisriution, the direct radioiodination of EPOGTP with iodine-131 using mild oxidizing agent, N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS), was performed and optimized for obtaining the maximum radiochemical purity (97.3 ± 0.47%). Then, the in vivo biodistribution in healthy mice showed good accumulation of radioiodinated EPOGTP in lung of about 41.83 ± 0.23% (the percentage of injected dose per gram of organ) at 15 min post-injection. As a conclusion, the synthetized dipeptide and its iodinated derivative could be further evaluated as a potential antitubercular agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesham A Shamsel-Din
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt; Radioisotopes Production Facility (RPF), Second Research Reactor (ETRR-2), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Gizawy
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt; Radioisotopes Production Facility (RPF), Second Research Reactor (ETRR-2), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, P.O. Box 13759, Cairo, Egypt
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Cavaco M, Pérez-Peinado C, Valle J, Silva RDM, Correia JDG, Andreu D, Castanho MARB, Neves V. To What Extent Do Fluorophores Bias the Biological Activity of Peptides? A Practical Approach Using Membrane-Active Peptides as Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:552035. [PMID: 33015016 PMCID: PMC7509492 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.552035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The characterization of biologically active peptides relies heavily on the study of their efficacy, toxicity, mechanism of action, cellular uptake, or intracellular location, using both in vitro and in vivo studies. These studies frequently depend on the use of fluorescence-based techniques. Since most peptides are not intrinsically fluorescent, they are conjugated to a fluorophore. The conjugation may interfere with peptide properties, thus biasing the results. The selection of the most suitable fluorophore is highly relevant. Here, a comprehensive study with blood-brain barrier (BBB) peptide shuttles (PepH3 and PepNeg) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) (vCPP2319 and Ctn[15-34]), tested as anticancer peptides (ACPs), having different fluorophores, namely 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), rhodamine B (RhB), quasar 570 (Q570), or tide fluor 3 (TF3) attached is presented. The goal is the evaluation of the impact of the selected fluorophores on peptide performance, applying routinely used techniques to assess cytotoxicity/toxicity, secondary structure, BBB translocation, and cellular internalization. Our results show that some fluorophores significantly modulate peptide activity when compared with unlabeled peptides, being more noticeable in hydrophobic and charged fluorophores. This study highlights the need for a careful experimental design for fluorescently labeled molecules, such as peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaco
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rúben D. M. Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João D. G. Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares and Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David Andreu
- Proteomics and Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. R. B. Castanho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vera Neves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Pizzi A, Pigliacelli C, Bergamaschi G, Gori A, Metrangolo P. Biomimetic engineering of the molecular recognition and self-assembly of peptides and proteins via halogenation. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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