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Mahnashi MH, Nahari M, Almasoudi H, Alhasaniah A, Elgazwi S, Abou-Salim MA. Novel NO-TZDs and trimethoxychalcone-based DHPMs: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2358934. [PMID: 38904116 PMCID: PMC467104 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2358934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Novel series of nitric oxide-releasing thiazolidine-2,4-diones (NO-TZD-3a-d,5,6) and 3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone-based multifunctional 1,4-dihydropyrimidines (CDHPM-10a-g) have been designed and synthesised as potent broad-spectrum anticancer agents with potential VEGFR-2 inhibition. The designed analogs were evaluated for their anticancer activities towards a full panel of NCI-60 tumour cell lines and CDHPM-10a-g emerged mean %inhibitions ranging from 76.40 to 147.69%. Among them, CDHPM-10e and CDHPM-10f demonstrated the highest MGI% of 147.69 and 140.24%, respectively. Compounds CDHPM-10a,b,d-f showed higher mean %inhibitory activity than the reference drug sorafenib (MGI% = 105.46%). Superiorly, the hybrid CDHPM-10e displayed the highest potencies towards all the herein tested subpanels of nine types of cancer with MGI50 of 1.83 µM. Also, it revealed potent cytostatic single-digit micromolar activity towards the herein examined cancer cell lines. The designed compounds CDHPM-10a-g were exposed as potent non-selective broad-spectrum anticancer agents over all NCI subpanels with an SI range of 0.66-1.97. In addition, the target analog CDHPM-10e revealed potency towards VEGFR-2 kinase comparable to that of sorafenib with a sub-micromolar IC50 value of 0.11 µM. Also, CDHPM-10e could effectively induce Sub-G1-phase arrest and prompt apoptosis via caspase and p53-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, CDHPM-10e revealed significant anti-metastatic activity as detected by wound healing assay. The modelling study implies that CDHPM-10e overlaid well with sorafenib and formed a strong H-bond in the DFG binding domain. The ADMET studies hinted out that CDHPM-10e met Pfizer's drug-likeness criteria. The presented novel potent anticancer agent merits further devotion as a new lead product in developing more chalcone-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Nahari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Almasoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alhasaniah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Elgazwi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Derna, Derna, Libya
| | - Mahrous A. Abou-Salim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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2
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Hashem O, Shahin AI, Al Hindawi MA, Fageeri MF, Al-Sbbagh SA, Tarazi H, El-Gamal MI. An overview of RAF kinases and their inhibitors (2019-2023). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116631. [PMID: 38954961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs) including RAF, perform a principal role in regulating countless cellular events such as cell growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Overexpression and mutation of RAF kinases are significant contributors to the development and spread of cancer. Therefore, RAF kinase inhibitors show promising outcomes as anti-cancer small molecules by suppressing the expression of RAF protein, blocking RAS/RAF interaction, or inhibiting RAF enzymes. Currently, there are insufficient reports about approving drugs with minimal degree of toxicity. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop new RAF kinase inhibitors correlated with increased anticancer activity and lower cytotoxicity. This review outlines reported RAF kinase inhibitors for cancer treatment in patents and literature from 2019 to 2023. It highlights the available inhibitors by shedding light on their chemical structures, biochemical profiles, and current status. Additionally, we highlighted the hinge region-binding moiety of the reported compounds by showing the hydrogen bond patterns of representative inhibitors with the hinge region for each class. In recent years, RAF kinase inhibitors have gained considerable attention in cancer research and drug development due to their potential to be studied under clinical trials and their demonstration of various degrees of efficacy and safety profiles across different cancer types. However, addressing challenges related to drug resistance and safety represents a major avenue for the optimization and enhancement of RAF kinase inhibitors. Strategies to overcome such obstacles were discussed such as developing novel pan-RAF inhibitors, RAF dimer inhibitors, and combination treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Hashem
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afnan I Shahin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manar A Al Hindawi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed F Fageeri
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saif A Al-Sbbagh
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamadeh Tarazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammed I El-Gamal
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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3
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Nemr MTM, Elshewy A, Ibrahim ML, El Kerdawy AM, Halim PA. Design, synthesis, antineoplastic activity of new pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives as dual CDK2/GSK3β kinase inhibitors; molecular docking study, and ADME prediction. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107566. [PMID: 38896936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, novel pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives 5a-h were designed and synthesized as targeted anti-cancer agents through dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibition. The designed compounds demonstrated moderate to potent activity on the evaluated cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T-47D). Compounds 5c and 5 g showed the most promising cytotoxic activity against the tested cell lines surpassing that of the used reference standard; staurosporine. On the other hand, both compounds showed good safety and tolerability on normal fibroblast cell line (MCR5). The final compounds 5c and 5 g showed a promising dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitory activity with IC50 of 0.244 and 0.128 μM, respectively, against CDK2, and IC50 of 0.317 and 0.160 μM, respectively, against GSK-3β. Investigating the effect of compounds 5c and 5 g on CDK2 and GSK-3β downstream cascades showed that they reduced the relative cellular content of phosphorylated RB1 and β-catenin compared to that in the untreated MCF-7 cells. Moreover, compounds 5c and 5 g showed a reasonable selective inhibition against the target kinases CDK2/GSK-3β in comparison to a set of seven off-target kinases. Furthermore, the most potent compound 5 g caused cell cycle arrest at the S phase in MCF-7 cells preventing the cells' progression to G2/M phase inducing cell apoptosis. Molecular docking studies showed that the final pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives have analogous binding modes in the target kinases interacting with the hinge region key amino acids. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the predicted binding mode by molecular docking. Moreover, in silico predictions indicated their favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties in addition to their promising cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T M Nemr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elshewy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, New Galala 43713, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed L Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Peter A Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
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Ewes WA, Tawfik SS, Almatary AM, Ahmad Bhat M, El-Shafey HW, Mohamed AAB, Haikal A, El-Magd MA, Elgazar AA, Balaha M, Hamdi A. Identification of Benzothiazoles Bearing 1,3,4-Thiadiazole as Antiproliferative Hybrids Targeting VEGFR-2 and BRAF Kinase: Design, Synthesis, BIO Evaluation and In Silico Study. Molecules 2024; 29:3186. [PMID: 38999138 PMCID: PMC11243196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide, often resulting from uncontrolled growth in various organs. Protein kinase inhibitors represent an important class of targeted cancer therapies. Recently, the kinases BRAF and VEGFR-2 have shown synergistic effects on tumor progression. Seeking to develop dual BRAF/VEGFR-2 inhibitors, we synthesized 18 amino-benzothiazole derivatives with structural similarities to reported dual inhibitors. Four compounds-4a, 4f, 4l, and 4r-demonstrated remarkable cytotoxicity, with IC50 values ranging from 3.58 to 15.36 μM, against three cancer cell lines. Furthermore, these compounds showed IC50 values of 38.77-66.22 μM in the case of a normal cell line, which was significantly safer than the reference, sorafenib. Subsequent investigation revealed that compound 4f exhibited the capacity to inhibit the BRAF and VEGFR-2 enzymes, with IC50 values similar to sorafenib (0.071 and 0.194 μM, respectively). Moreover, compound 4f caused G2-M- and S-phase cycle arrest. Molecular modeling demonstrated binding patterns compatible with inhibition for both targets, where 4f exerted the critical interactions in the BRAF site and interacted in the VEGFR-2 site in a manner akin to sorafenib, demonstrating affinity similar to dabrafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A Ewes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Samar S Tawfik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Aya M Almatary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed W El-Shafey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A B Mohamed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah Haikal
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Elgazar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Marwa Balaha
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Abdelrahman Hamdi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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5
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Sarfraz M, Ayyaz M, Rauf A, Yaqoob A, Tooba, Arif Ali M, Siddique SA, Qureshi AM, Sarfraz MH, Aljowaie RM, Almutairi SM, Arshad M. New Pyrimidinone Bearing Aminomethylenes and Schiff Bases as Potent Antioxidant, Antibacterial, SARS-CoV-2, and COVID-19 Main Protease M Pro Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, Bioactivities, and Computational Studies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:25730-25747. [PMID: 38911743 PMCID: PMC11191110 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
New 2-thioxopyrimidinone derivatives (A1-A10) were synthesized in 87-96% yields via a simple three-component condensation reaction. These compounds were screened extensively through in vitro assays for antioxidant and antibacterial investigations. The DPPH assays resulted in the excellent potency of A6-A10 as antioxidants with IC50 values of 0.83 ± 0.125, 0.90 ± 0.77, 0.36 ± 0.063, 1.4 ± 0.07, and 1.18 ± 0.06 mg/mL, which were much better than 1.79 ± 0.045 mg/mL for the reference ascorbic acid. These compounds exhibited better antibacterial potency against Klebsiella with IC50 values of 2 ± 7, 1.32 ± 8.9, 1.19 ± 11, 1.1 ± 12, and 1.16 ± 11 mg/mL for A6-A10. High-throughput screenings (HTS) of these motifs were carried out including investigation of drug-like behaviors, physiochemical property evaluation, and structure-related studies involving DFT and metabolic transformation trends. The radical scavenging ability of the synthesized motifs was validated through molecular docking studies through ligand-protein binding against human inducible nitric oxide synthase (HINOS) PDB ID: 4NOS, and the results were promising. Furthermore, the antiviral capability of the compounds was examined by in silico studies using two viral proteins PDB ID: 6Y84 and PDB ID: 6LU7. Binding poses of ligands were discussed, and amino acids in the protein binding pockets were investigated, where the tested compounds showed much better binding affinities than the standard inhibitors, proving to be suitable leads for antiviral drug discovery. The stabilities of the molecular docked complexes in real systems were validated by molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sarfraz
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayyaz
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Asma Yaqoob
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics. Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tooba
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biotechnology, and Bioinformatics. Department of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The
Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ali
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Sabir Ali Siddique
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Mahmood Qureshi
- Department
of Chemistry, Government Sadiq College Women
University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz
- Nuffield
Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences,
Botnar Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7LD, United
Kingdom
| | - Reem M. Aljowaie
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P O 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeedah Musaed Almutairi
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P O 2455 Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Islamia University of
Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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6
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Thakur A, Rana M, Mishra A, Kaur C, Pan CH, Nepali K. Recent advances and future directions on small molecule VEGFR inhibitors in oncological conditions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116472. [PMID: 38728867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
"A journey of mixed emotions" is a quote that best describes the progress chart of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors as cancer therapeutics in the last decade. Exhilarated with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals of numerous VEGFR inhibitors coupled with the annoyance of encountering the complications associated with their use, drug discovery enthusiasts are on their toes with an unswerving determination to enhance the rate of translation of VEGFR inhibitors from preclinical to clinical stage. The recently crafted armory of VEGFR inhibitors is a testament to their growing dominance over other antiangiogenic therapies for cancer treatment. This review perspicuously underscores the earnest attempts of the researchers to extract the antiproliferative potential of VEGFR inhibitors through the design of mechanistically diverse structural assemblages. Moreover, this review encompasses sections on structural/molecular properties and physiological functions of VEGFR, FDA-approved VEGFR inhibitors, and hurdles restricting the activity range/clinical applicability of VEGFR targeting antitumor agents. In addition, tactics to overcome the limitations of VEGFR inhibitors are discussed. A clear-cut viewpoint transmitted through this compilation can provide practical directions to push the cart of VEGFR inhibitors to advanced-stage clinical investigations in diverse malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Mandeep Rana
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Anshul Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan
| | - Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Chun-Hsu Pan
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110031, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taiwan.
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7
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Allam RM, El Kerdawy AM, Gouda AE, Ahmed KA, Abdel-Mohsen HT. Benzimidazole-oxindole hybrids as multi-kinase inhibitors targeting melanoma. Bioorg Chem 2024; 146:107243. [PMID: 38457953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, a series of benzimidazole-oxindole conjugates 8a-t were designed and synthesized as type II multi-kinase inhibitors. They exhibited moderate to potent inhibitory activity against BRAFWT up to 99.61 % at 10 µM. Notably, compounds 8e, 8k, 8n and 8s demonstrated the most promising activity, with 99.44 to 99.61 % inhibition. Further evaluation revealed that 8e, 8k, 8n and 8s exhibit moderate to potent inhibitory effects on the kinases BRAFV600E, VEGFR-2, and FGFR-1. Additionally, compounds 8a-t were screened for their cytotoxicity by the NCI, and several compounds showed significant growth inhibition in diverse cancer cell lines. Compound 8e stood out with a GI50 range of 1.23 - 3.38 µM on melanoma cell lines. Encouraged by its efficacy, it was further investigated for its antitumor activity and mechanism of action, using sorafenib as a reference standard. The hybrid compound 8e exhibited potent cellular-level suppression of BRAFWT, VEGFR-2, and FGFR-1 in A375 cell line, surpassing the effects of sorafenib. In vivo studies demonstrate that 8e significantly inhibits the growth of B16F10 tumors in mice, leading to increased survival rates and histopathological tumor regression. Furthermore, 8e reduces angiogenesis markers, mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1, and production of growth factors. It also downregulated Notch1 protein expression and decreased TGF-β1 production. Molecular docking simulations suggest that 8e binds as a promising type II kinase inhibitor in the target kinases interacting with the key regions in their kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical and Clinical Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, P.O. Box 11562, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Gouda
- Pharmaceutical Research Department, Nawah Scientific, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
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8
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Dorababu A. Role of heterocycles in inhibition of VEGFR-2 - a recent update (2019-2022). RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:416-432. [PMID: 38389872 PMCID: PMC10880944 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00506b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The literature reveals that oncogenic protein kinase inhibition has been proved to be a successful anticancer approach. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) kinase plays an important role in angiogenesis and metastasis. VEGFR-2 has an upper hand in the angiogenesis process. Vascular endothelial growth factor activates VEGFR-2 which initiates tumor angiogenesis. In addition, VEGFRs are associated with numerous other diseases. Hence, inhibition of VEGFRs is an attractive approach for cancer treatment. In view of this, researchers designed and discovered small molecular heterocycle-based VEGFR-2 inhibitors and some of them have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). However, these VEGFR-2 inhibitors pose adverse side effects such as cardiovascular problems, diarrhea, and renal function impairment. Research indicates that combination of certain pharmacophores exhibits excellent VEGFR inhibitory activity. In particular, combination of heterocycles paved the way to efficient VEGFR inhibitors. In this review, the research focusing on VEGFR inhibitory activity has been discussed along with the structure-activity relationship. In addition to emphasizing the most potent molecule among the set of designed molecules, structural features responsible for such an activity are described. This review may aid in designing potent VEGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atukuri Dorababu
- SRMPP Government First Grade College Huvinahadagali 583219 India
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Ayoup MS, Ammar A, Abdel-Hamid H, Amer A, Abu-Serie MM, Nasr SA, Ghareeb DA, Teleb M, Tageldin GN. Challenging the anticolorectal cancer capacity of quinoxaline-based scaffold via triazole ligation unveiled new efficient dual VEGFR-2/MAO-B inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107102. [PMID: 38211551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) are promoters of colorectal cancer (CRC) and central signaling nodes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by activating hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Herein, a novel series of rationally designed triazole-tethered quinoxalines were synthesized and evaluated against HCT-116 CRC cells. The tailored scaffolds combine the pharmacophoric themes of both VEGFR-2 inhibitors and MAO inhibitors. All the synthesized derivatives were screened utilizing the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for their possible cytotoxic effects on normal human colonocytes, then evaluated for their anticancer activities against HCT-116 cells overexpressing MAOs. The hit derivatives 11 and 14 exhibited IC50 = 18.04 and 7.850 µM, respectively, against HCT-116cells within their EC100 doses on normal human colonocytes. Wound healing assay revealed their efficient CRC antimetastatic activities recording HCT-116 cell migration inhibition exceeding 75 %. In vitro enzymatic assays demonstrated that both 11 and 14 efficiently inhibited VEGFR-2 (IC50 = 88.79 and 9.910 nM), MAO-A (IC50 = 0.763 and 629.1 nM) and MAO-B (IC50 = 0.488 and 209.6 nM) with observed MAO-B over MAO-A selectivity (SI = 1.546 and 3.001), respectively. Enzyme kinetics studies were performed for both compounds to identify their mode of MAO-B inhibition. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the hits efficiently downregulated HIF-1α in HCT-116cells by 3.420 and 16.96 folds relative to untreated cells. Docking studies simulated their possible binding modes within the active sites of VEGFR-2 and MAO-B to highlight their essential structural determinants of activities. Finally, they recorded in silico drug-like absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) profiles as well as ligand efficiency metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ammar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Adel Amer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Egypt
| | - Samah A Nasr
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, 21511 Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt
| | - Gina N Tageldin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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10
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Singh A, Sonawane P, Kumar A, Singh H, Naumovich V, Pathak P, Grishina M, Khalilullah H, Jaremko M, Emwas AH, Verma A, Kumar P. Challenges and Opportunities in the Crusade of BRAF Inhibitors: From 2002 to 2022. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:27819-27844. [PMID: 37576670 PMCID: PMC10413849 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF; RAF = rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) plays an important role in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade. Somatic mutations in the BRAF gene were first discovered in 2002 by Davies et al., which was a major breakthrough in cancer research. Subsequently, three different classes of BRAF mutants have been discovered. This class includes class I monomeric mutants (BRAFV600), class II BRAF homodimer mutants (non-V600), and class III BRAF heterodimers (non-V600). Cancers caused by these include melanoma, thyroid cancer, ovarian cancer, colorectal cancer, nonsmall cell lung cancer, and others. In this study, we have highlighted the major binding pockets in BRAF protein, their active and inactive conformations with inhibitors, and BRAF dimerization and its importance in paradoxical activation and BRAF mutation. We have discussed the first-, second-, and third-generation drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration and drugs under clinical trials with all four different binding approaches with DFG-IN/OUT and αC-IN/OUT for BRAF protein. We have investigated particular aspects and difficulties with all three generations of inhibitors. Finally, this study has also covered recent developments in synthetic BRAF inhibitors (from their discovery in 2002 to 2022), their unique properties, and importance in inhibiting BRAF mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit
Kumar Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Pankaj Sonawane
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Harshwardhan Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Vladislav Naumovich
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Prateek Pathak
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Maria Grishina
- Laboratory
of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological
School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454008, Russia
| | - Habibullah Khalilullah
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of
Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unayzah 51911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Jaremko
- Smart-Health
Initiative and Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and
Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Hamid Emwas
- Core
Laboratories, King Abdullah University of
Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Amita Verma
- Bioorganic
and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of
Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj 211007, India
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda 151401, India
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11
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Maji L, Teli G, Raghavendra NM, Sengupta S, Pal R, Ghara A, Matada GSP. An updated literature on BRAF inhibitors (2018-2023). Mol Divers 2023:10.1007/s11030-023-10699-3. [PMID: 37470921 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10699-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BRAF is the most common serine-threonine protein kinase and regulates signal transduction from RAS to MEK inside the cell. The BRAF is a highly active isoform of RAF kinase. BRAF has two domains such as regulatory and kinase domains. The BRAF inhibitors bind in the c-terminus of the kinase domain and inhibit the downstream pathways. The mutation occurs mainly in the A-loop of the kinase domain. The mutation occurs due to a conversion of valine to glutamate/lysine/arginine/aspartic acid at 600th position. Among the diverse mutations, BRAFV600E is the most common and responsible for numerous cancer such as melanoma, colorectal, ovarian, and thyroid cancer. Due to mutations in RAC1, loss of PTEN, NF1, CCND1, USP28-FBW7 complex, COT overexpression, and CCND1 amplification, the BRAF kinase enzyme developed resistance over the commercially available BRAF inhibitors. There is still unmute urgence for the development of BRAF inhibitors to overcome the persistent limitation such as resistance, mutation, and adverse effects of drugs. In the current study, we described the structure, activation, downstream signaling pathway, and mutation of BRAF. Our group also provided a detailed review of BRAF inhibitors from the last five years (2018-2023) highlighting the structure-activity relationship, mechanistic study, and molecular docking studies. We hope that the current analysis will be a useful resource for researchers and provide chemists a glimpse into the future as design and development of more effective and secure BRAF kinase inhibitors. The development of BRAF inhibitors to overcome the persistent limitation such as resistance, mutation, and adverse effects of drugs. In depth description about different heterocyclic scaffolds (quinoline, imidazole, pyridine, triazole, pyrrole etc.) as BRAF inhibitors from the last five years (2018-2023) highlighting the structure-activity relationship, mechanistic study, and molecular docking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalmohan Maji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sindhuja Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Pal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Ghara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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12
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Liu XJ, Zhao HC, Hou SJ, Zhang HJ, Cheng L, Yuan S, Zhang LR, Song J, Zhang SY, Chen SW. Recent development of multi-target VEGFR-2 inhibitors for the cancer therapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106425. [PMID: 36801788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), as an important tyrosine transmembrane protein, plays an important role in regulating endothelial cell proliferation and migration, regulating angiogenesis and other biological functions. VEGFR-2 is aberrantly expressed in many malignant tumors, and it is also related to the occurrence, development, and growth of tumors and drug resistance. Currently, there are nine VEGFR-2 targeted inhibitors approved by US.FDA for clinical use as anticancer drugs. Due to the limited clinical efficacy and potential toxicity of VEGFR inhibitors, it is necessary to develop new strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of VEGFR inhibitors. The development of multitarget therapy, especially dual-target therapy, has become a hot research field of cancer therapy, which may provide an effective strategy with higher therapeutic efficacy, pharmacokinetic advantages and low toxicity. Many groups have reported that the therapeutic effects could be improved by simultaneously inhibiting VEGFR-2 and other targets, such as EGFR, c-Met, BRAF, HDAC, etc. Therefore, VEGFR-2 inhibitors with multi-targeting capabilities have been considered to be promising and effective anticancer agents for cancer therapy. In this work, we reviewed the structure and biological functions of VEGFR-2, and summarized the drug discovery strategies, and inhibitory activities of VEGFR-2 inhibitors with multi-targeting capabilities reported in recent years. This work might provide the reference for the development of VEGFR-2 inhibitors with multi-targeting capabilities as novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hong-Cheng Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443003, China
| | - Su-Juan Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hao-Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Li-Rong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Shi-Wu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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13
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Recent updates on thienopyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agents. Med Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThienopyrimidine derivatives hold a unique place between fused pyrimidine compounds. They are important and widely represented in medicinal chemistry as they are structural analogs of purines. Thienopyrimidine derivatives have various biological activities. The current review discusses different synthetic methods for the preparation of heterocyclic thienopyrimidine derivatives. It also highlights the most recent research on the anticancer effects of thienopyrimidines through the inhibition of various enzymes and pathways, which was published within the last 9 years.
Graphical Abstract
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14
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Si R, Liu N, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li Y, Pan X, Zhang J. Discovery of selective platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-β) bifunctional small-molecule degraders. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 77:117115. [PMID: 36508995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) is a promising strategy for treatment of various diseases by degrading of disease-related proteins in recent years. Up to now, most PROTAC molecules are mainly aimed at the degradation of intracellular proteins, but many disease-related proteins are membrane or extracellular proteins. The targeted degradation of membrane proteins would be an attractive and general strategy for discovery of novel PROTACs. Herein, we report the development of multi-targeted kinase inhibitor sorafenib-based PROTACs, they can selectively degrade platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-β). We provide a method that can be used to degrade cell membrane proteins. To our knowledge, this study also is the first report of PROTAC induced PDGFR-β degradation in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Si
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Nanxin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yanchen Li
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xiaoyan Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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15
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Abdelgawad MA, Hayallah AM, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Abdel-Rahman HM, Abd El-Gaber MK. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Anticancer Evaluation of New VEGFR-2 Inhibitors Based on the Indolin-2-One Scaffold. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1416. [PMID: 36422546 PMCID: PMC9698773 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new series of indoline-2-one derivatives was designed and synthesized based on the essential pharmacophoric features of VEGFR-2 inhibitors. Anti-proliferative activities were assessed for all derivatives against breast (MCF-7) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines, using sunitinib as a reference agent. The most potent anti-proliferative derivatives were evaluated for their VEGFR-2 inhibition activity. The effects of the most potent inhibitor, 17a, on cell cycle, apoptosis, and expression of apoptotic markers (caspase-3&-9, BAX, and Bcl-2) were studied. Molecular modeling studies, such as docking simulations, physicochemical properties prediction, and pharmacokinetic profiling were performed. The results revealed that derivatives 5b, 10e, 10g, 15a, and 17a exhibited potent anticancer activities with IC50 values from 0.74-4.62 µM against MCF-7 cell line (sunitinib IC50 = 4.77 µM) and from 1.13-8.81 µM against HepG2 cell line (sunitinib IC50 = 2.23 µM). Furthermore, these compounds displayed potent VEGFR-2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 0.160, 0.358, 0.087, 0.180, and 0.078 µM, respectively (sunitinib IC50 = 0.139 µM). Cell cycle analysis demonstrated the ability of 17a to induce a cell cycle arrest of the HepG2 cells at the S phase and increase the total apoptosis by 3.5-fold. Moreover, 17a upregulated the expression levels of apoptotic markers caspase-3 and -9 by 6.9-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively. In addition, 17a increased the expression level of BAX by 2.7-fold while decreasing the expression level of Bcl-2 by 1.9-fold. The molecular docking simulations displayed enhanced binding interactions and similar placement as sunitinib inside the active pocket of VEGFR-2. The molecular modeling calculations showed that all the test compounds were in accordance with Lipinski and Veber rules for oral bioavailability and had promising drug-likeness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abdelgawad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa M. Hayallah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sphinx University, New Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy M. Abdel-Rahman
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University, Assiut 2014101, Egypt
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16
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Petreni A, Supuran CT. Investigation of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitory activity of benzenesulfonamides incorporating substituted fused-pyrimidine tails. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200274. [PMID: 35972823 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Two new series of 2-thiocyclopenta[d]pyrimidine-benzenesulfonamides 12a-l and 2-thiotetrahydroquinazoline-benzenesulfonamides 13a-j were synthesized and evaluated for their carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory acivity and cytotoxic activity. The derivatives 12a and 12i exerted effective inhibition against CA II with Ki = 0.11 and 0.15 µM, while 12a, 12e, 12i, and 13d (Ki = 0.083-0.087 µM) were found to be the most potent against CA XII. In addition, higher selectivity toward CA II and CA XII over CA I and CA IX was observed for the majority of the synthesized conjugates. Analysis of the effect of the synthesized compounds on NCI cancer cell lines revealed that compounds 12b and 13d showed mean growth inhibitory effects of 53.59% and 49.25%, respectively. Docking of the synthesized hybrids in the CA II and CA XII binding pockets displayed the capability of the benzenesulfonamide derivatives to form, through their SO2 NH2 moiety, the characteristic interactions of the traditional CA inhibitors, besides additional interactions achieved by the tail with isoform-specific residues in the peripheral part of the CA binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Università degli Studi di Firenze, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Università degli Studi di Firenze, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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17
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Hassan RA, Hamed MI, Abdou AM, El-Dash Y. Novel antiproliferative agents bearing substituted thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold as dual VEGFR-2 and BRAF kinases inhibitors and apoptosis inducers; design, synthesis and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2022; 125:105861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Recent progress on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors with dual targeting capabilities for tumor therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:89. [PMID: 35799213 PMCID: PMC9263050 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01310-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are a family of receptor protein tyrosine kinases that play an important role in the regulation of tumor-induced angiogenesis. Currently, VEGFR inhibitors have been widely used in the treatment of various tumors. However, current VEGFR inhibitors are limited to a certain extent due to limited clinical efficacy and potential toxicity, which hinder their clinical application. Thus, the development of new strategies to improve the clinical outcomes and minimize the toxic effects of VEGFR inhibitors is required. Given the synergistic effect of VEGFR and other therapies in tumor development and progression, VEGFR dual-target inhibitors are becoming an attractive approach due to their favorable pharmacodynamics, low toxicity, and anti-resistant effects. This perspective provides an overview of the development of VEGFR dual-target inhibitors from multiple aspects, including rational target combinations, drug discovery strategies, structure–activity relationships and future directions.
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19
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Adel M, Abouzid KAM. New fluorinated diarylureas linked to pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold as VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Molecular docking and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2022; 127:106006. [PMID: 35820328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine linked to diarylureas were previously discovered by our group as sorafenib fused congeners, which were endowed with more potent activity as inhibitors to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR2) than sorafenib. Based on these results and on the observation that the fluorinated regorafenib displayed higher VEGFR2 inhibitory activity relative to sorafenib. Therefore, in this study, we sought to develop more potent pyrrolopyrimidine surrogates through introduction of fluorine atom at the phenyl moiety near to the urea moiety mimicking regorafenib. We hypothesized that this would improve the compounds potency. Surprisingly, Compound9epossessed better VEGFR2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 52.4 nM) compared to standard drug sorafenib, whereas compounds (9b,d and f) showed moderate inhibitory activity. The newly synthesized compounds were tested on 60 human cancer cell lines. Field alignment and a molecular docking study of these compounds into the inactive conformation of VEGFR2 was performed, and theoretical ADME properties were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Adel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Khaled A M Abouzid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, P.O. Box 11566, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
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20
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Ali IH, Abdel-Mohsen HT, Mounier MM, Abo-elfadl MT, El Kerdawy AM, Ghannam IA. Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Novel 2-Arylbenzimidazole/2-Thiopyrimidines and 2-Thioquinazolin-4(3H)-ones Conjugates as Targeted RAF and VEGFR-2 Kinases Inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105883. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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21
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Abstract
B-Raf is a protein kinase participating to the regulation of many biological processes in cells. Several studies have demonstrated that this protein is frequently upregulated in human cancers, especially when it bears activating mutations. In the last years, few ATP-competitive inhibitors of B-Raf have been marketed for the treatment of melanoma and are currently under clinical evaluation on a variety of other types of cancer. Although the introduction of drugs targeting B-Raf has provided significant advances in cancer treatment, responses to ATP-competitive inhibitors remain limited, mainly due to selectivity issues, side effects, narrow therapeutic windows, and the insurgence of drug resistance. Impressive research efforts have been made so far towards the identification of novel ATP-competitive modulators with improved efficacy against cancers driven by mutant Raf monomers and dimers, some of them showing good promises. However, several limitations could still be envisioned for these compounds, according to literature data. Besides, increased attentions have arisen around approaches based on the design of allosteric modulators, polypharmacology, proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) and drug repurposing for the targeting of B-Raf proteins. The design of compounds acting through such innovative mechanisms is rather challenging. However, valuable therapeutic opportunities can be envisioned on these drugs, as they act through innovative mechanisms in which limitations typically observed for approved ATP-competitive B-Raf inhibitors are less prone to emerge. In this article, current approaches adopted for the design of non-ATP competitive inhibitors targeting B-Raf are described, discussing also on the possibilities, ligands acting through such innovative mechanisms could provide for the obtainment of more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
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22
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Oekchuae S, Sirirak J, Charoensuksai P, Wongprayoon P, Chuaypen N, Boonsombat J, Ruchirawat S, Tangkijvanich P, Suksamrarn A, Limpachayaporn P. The Design and Synthesis of a New Series of 1,2,3-Triazole-Cored Structures Tethering Aryl Urea and Their Highly Selective Cytotoxicity toward HepG2. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050504. [PMID: 35631331 PMCID: PMC9147274 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Target cancer drug therapy is an alternative treatment for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. However, the treatment using approved targeted drugs has encountered a number of limitations, including the poor pharmacological properties of drugs, therapy efficiency, adverse effects, and drug resistance. As a consequence, the discovery and development of anti-HCC drug structures are therefore still in high demand. Herein, we designed and synthesized a new series of 1,2,3-triazole-cored structures incorporating aryl urea as anti-HepG2 agents. Forty-nine analogs were prepared via nucleophilic addition and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) with excellent yields. Significantly, almost all triazole-cored analogs exhibited less cytotoxicity toward normal cells, human embryonal lung fibroblast cell MRC-5, compared to Sorafenib and Doxorubicin. Among them, 2m’ and 2e exhibited the highest selectivity indexes (SI = 14.7 and 12.2), which were ca. 4.4- and 3.7-fold superior to that of Sorafenib (SI = 3.30) and ca. 3.8- and 3.2-fold superior to that of Doxorubicin (SI = 3.83), respectively. Additionally, excellent inhibitory activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2, comparable to Sorafenib, was still maintained. A cell-cycle analysis and apoptosis induction study suggested that 2m’ and 2e likely share a similar mechanism of action to Sorafenib. Furthermore, compounds 2m’ and 2e exhibit appropriate drug-likeness, analyzed by SwissADME. With their excellent anti-HepG2 activity, improved selectivity indexes, and appropriate druggability, the triazole-cored analogs 2m’ and 2e are suggested to be promising candidates for development as targeted cancer agents and drugs used in combination therapy for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittisak Oekchuae
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.S.)
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (J.B.); (S.R.)
| | - Jitnapa Sirirak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.S.)
| | - Purin Charoensuksai
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Pawaris Wongprayoon
- Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (P.C.); (P.W.)
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Jutatip Boonsombat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (J.B.); (S.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Somsak Ruchirawat
- Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand; (J.B.); (S.R.)
- Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), OPS, MHESI, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
- Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (N.C.); (P.T.)
| | - Apichart Suksamrarn
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok 10240, Thailand;
| | - Panupun Limpachayaporn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom 73000, Thailand; (S.O.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +66-34-255797; Fax: +66-34-271356
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Mahnashi MH, El-Senduny FF, Alshahrani MA, Abou-Salim MA. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Novel VEGFR-2 Inhibitor Based on a 1,2,5-Oxadiazole-2-Oxide Scaffold with MAPK Signaling Pathway Inhibition. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:246. [PMID: 35215358 PMCID: PMC8880564 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the development of broad-spectrum anticancer agents with anti-angiogenic activity has witnessed considerable progress. In this study, a new series of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines based on a phenylfuroxan scaffold were designed, synthesized, and evaluated, in terms of their anticancer activities. NCI-60 cell one-dose screening revealed that compounds 12a-c and 14a had the best MGI%, among the tested compounds. The target fluorinated compound 12b, as the most active one, showed better anticancer activity compared to the reference drug sorafenib, with IC50 values of 11.5, 11.6, and 13 µM against the HepG-2, A2780CP, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, compound 12b (IC50 = 0.092 µM) had VEGFR-2-inhibitory activity comparable to that of the standard inhibitor sorafenib (IC50 = 0.049 µM). Furthermore, the ability of compound 12b in modulating MAPK signaling pathways was investigated. It was found to decrease the level of total ERK and its phosphorylated form, as well as leading to the down-regulation of metalloproteinase MMP-9 and the over-expression of p21 and p27, thus leading to subG1 cell-cycle arrest and, thus, the induction of apoptosis. Additionally, compound 12b decreased the rate of wound healing in the absence of serum, in comparison to DMSO-treated cells, providing a significant impact on metastasis inhibition. The quantitative RT-PCR results for E-cadherin and N-cadherin showed lower expression of the neuronal N-cadherin and increased expression of epithelial E-cadherin, indicating the ability of 12b to suppress metastasis. Furthermore, 12b-treated HepG2 cells expressed a low level of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 and over-expressed proapoptotic Bax genes, respectively. Using the DAF-FM DA fluorescence probe, compound 12b produced NO intracellularly as efficiently as the reference drug JS-K. In silico molecular docking studies showed a structural similarity through an overlay of 12b with sorafenib. Interestingly, the drug-likeness properties of compound 12b met the expectations of Pfizer's rule for the design of new drug candidates. Therefore, this study presents a novel anticancer lead compound that is worthy of further investigation and activity improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mater H. Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fardous F. El-Senduny
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Mohammed Abdulrahman Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mahrous A. Abou-Salim
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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24
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, El Kerdawy AM, Omar MA, Petreni A, Allam RM, El Diwani HI, Supuran CT. Application of the dual-tail approach for the design and synthesis of novel Thiopyrimidine-Benzenesulfonamide hybrids as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114004. [PMID: 34847409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A dual-tail approach was applied to the design of a novel series of 2-thiopyrimidine-benzenesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors. The design strategy is based on the hybridization between a benzenesulfonamide moiety as Zn2+ binding group and 2,4-disubstituted thiopyridimidine as a tail. Among the synthesized compounds, 14h displayed the highest potency (Ki = 1.72 nM) and selectivity for CA II over the isoforms CA IX and CA XII with selectivity indexes of 50 and 5.26, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 14a and 14l displayed a potent inhibitory activity against CA IX (Ki = 7.4 and 7.0 nM, respectively) compared with the reference drug acetazolamide (AAZ) (Ki = 25 nM), and compound 14l showed higher potency (Ki = 4.67 nM) than AAZ (Ki = 5.7 nM) against the tumor-associated isoform CA XII. Evaluation of the antiproliferative activity in NCI single-dose testing of selected hybrids revealed a pronounced potency of the selective CA II inhibitor 14h against most of the tested NCI cancer cell lines. Moreover, compound 14h demonstrated an IC50 values ranging from 2.40 to 4.50 μM against MCF-7, T-47D, MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, HT29 and SW-620. These results demonstrate that CA II inhibition can be an alternative therapeutic target for cancer treatment. A cell cycle analysis of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 showed that treatment with 14h arrested both cell lines at the G2/M phase with significant accumulation of cells in the pre-G1 phase. Moreover, compound 14h showed a noticeable induction of late apoptosis and necrotic cell death of both cell lines compared with untreated cells as a control. A molecular docking study suggested that the sulfonamide moiety accommodates deeply in the CA active site and interacts with the Zn2+ ion while the dual-tail extension interacts with the surrounding amino acids via several hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, which affects the potency and selectivity of the hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University (NGU), NewGiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Omar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Rasha M Allam
- Department of Pharmacology, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hoda I El Diwani
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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25
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Khan PS, Rajesh P, Rajendra P, Chaskar MG, Rohidas A, Jaiprakash S. Recent advances in B-RAF inhibitors as anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 120:105597. [PMID: 35033817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The significance of B-RAF in the promotion of cell proliferation and motility was explored by the researchers in the past. However, in 2002, several researchers found that mutation in B-RAF leads to cancer. Extensive research on B-RAF mutations suggested B-RAF V600E mutation as a critical predictive, prognostic and diagnostic biomarker in numerous cancers such as melanoma, thyroid, and colorectal cancers. Based on the significance of B-RAF kinase and associated mutation, the present review will give a brief overview about structure and functions of B-RAF enzyme, its role in different types of cancer, available drugs in the market for B-RAF inhibition, chemical classification and SAR studies of reported investigational B-RAF inhibitors in patented and non-patented literature during last decade. The SAR provided for all the reported inhibitors will help researchers to gain knowledge about the possible structural features required for selective B-RAF inhibition. This insightful analysis of B-RAF will certainly help researchers to develop novel anticancer agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pathan Shahebaaz Khan
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS 431001, India
| | - Patil Rajesh
- Sinhgad Technical Education Society's, Smt. Kashibai Navale College of Pharmacy, Kondhwa (Bk), Pune, India
| | - Patil Rajendra
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, M.S., India
| | - Manohar G Chaskar
- Prof Ramkrishna More College, Akurdi, Pune 411044, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arote Rohidas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul. Republic of Korea
| | - Sangshetti Jaiprakash
- Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS 431001, India.
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26
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Eldehna WM, Al-Rashood ST, Al-Warhi T, Eskandrani RO, Alharbi A, El Kerdawy AM. Novel oxindole/benzofuran hybrids as potential dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitors targeting breast cancer: design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:270-285. [PMID: 33327806 PMCID: PMC7751407 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1862101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The serine/threonine protein kinases CDK2 and GSK-3β are key oncotargets in breast cancer cell lines, therefore, in the present study three series of oxindole-benzofuran hybrids were designed and synthesised as dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitors targeting breast cancer (5a-g, 7a-h, and 13a-b). The N1 -unsubstituted oxindole derivatives, series 5, showed moderate to potent activity on both MCF-7 and T-47D breast cancer cell lines. Compounds 5d-f showed the most potent cytotoxic activity with IC50 of 3.41, 3.45 and 2.27 μM, respectively, on MCF-7 and of 3.82, 4.53 and 7.80 μM, respectively, on T-47D cell lines, in comparison to the used reference standard (staurosporine) IC50 of 4.81 and 4.34 μM, respectively. On the other hand, the N1 -substituted oxindole derivatives, series 7 and 13, showed moderate to weak cytotoxic activity on both breast cancer cell lines. CDK2 and GSK-3β enzyme inhibition assay of series 5 revealed that compounds 5d and 5f are showing potent dual CDK2/GSK-3β inhibitory activity with IC50 of 37.77 and 52.75 nM, respectively, on CDK2 and 32.09 and 40.13 nM, respectively, on GSK-3β. The most potent compounds 5d-f caused cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in MCF-7 cells inducing cell apoptosis because of the CDK2/GSK-3β inhibition. Molecular docking studies showed that the newly synthesised N1 -unsubstituted oxindole hybrids have comparable binding patterns in both CDK2 and GSK-3β. The oxindole ring is accommodated in the hinge region interacting through hydrogen bonding with the backbone CO and NH of the key amino acids Glu81 and Leu83, respectively, in CDK2 and Asp133 and Val135, respectively, in GSK-3β. Whereas, in series 7 and 13, the N1 -substitutions on the oxindole nucleus hinder the compounds from achieving these key interactions with hinge region amino acids what rationalises their moderate to low anti-proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sara T. Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan O. Eskandrani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Cairo, Egypt
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27
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Upadhyay N, Tilekar K, Safuan S, Kumar AP, Schweipert M, Meyer-Almes FJ, Ramaa CS. Double-edged Swords: Diaryl pyrazoline thiazolidinediones synchronously targeting cancer epigenetics and angiogenesis. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105350. [PMID: 34547645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, two novel series of compounds incorporating naphthyl and pyridyl linker were synthesized and biological assays revealed 5-((6-(2-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-2-oxoethoxy) naphthalene-2-yl)methylene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione (14b) as the most potent dual inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factors receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4). Compounds 13b, 14b, 17f, and 21f were found to stabilize HDAC4; where, pyridyl linker swords were endowed with higher stabilization effects than naphthyl linker. Also, 13b and 14b showed best inhibitory activity on VEGFR-2 as compared to others. Compound 14b was most potent as evident by in-vitro and in-vivo biological assessments. It displayed anti-angiogenic potential by inhibiting endothelial cell proliferation, migration, tube formation and also suppressed new capillary formation in the growing chick chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs). It showed selectivity and potency towards HDAC4 as compared to other HDAC isoforms. Compound 14b (25 mg/kg, i.p.) also indicated exceptional antitumor efficacy on in-vivo animal xenograft model of human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29). The mechanism of action of 14b was also confirmed by western blot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Upadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Kalpana Tilekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sabreena Safuan
- School of Health Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Alan P Kumar
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus Schweipert
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Meyer-Almes
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences, Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - C S Ramaa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth's College of Pharmacy, Navi Mumbai, India.
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28
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Filho EV, Pinheiro EM, Pinheiro S, Greco SJ. Aminopyrimidines: Recent synthetic procedures and anticancer activities. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Li Q, Chen L, Jian XE, Lv DX, You WW, Zhao PL. Design, synthesis and antiproliferative activity of novel 2,4-diamino-5-methyleneaminopyrimidine derivatives as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 47:128213. [PMID: 34157389 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to discover new anticancer agents, 25 novel 2,4-diamino-5-methyleneaminopyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized based on our previous work via a ring-opening strategy. Among them, compared with 5-FU, compound 7i exhibited 4.9-, 2.9-, 2.1-, and 3.0-fold improvement in inhibiting HCT116, HT-29, MCF-7, and HeLa cells proliferation with IC50 values of 4.93, 5.57, 8.84, and 14.16 μM, respectively. Moreover, further mechanistic studies indicated that compound 7i could concentration-dependently induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in HCT116 cells. These findings revealed that 2,4-diamino-5-methyleneaminopyrimidine scaffold has potential for further investigation to explore novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xie-Er Jian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Dong-Xin Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Wen-Wei You
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Pei-Liang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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30
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Islam Zaki, Amal M. Imam. Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxic Screening of New Quinoline Derivatives over MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162020060096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Wang DP, Liu KL, Li XY, Lu GQ, Xue WH, Qian XH, Mohamed O K, Meng FH. Design, synthesis, and in vitro and in vivo anti-angiogenesis study of a novel vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) inhibitor based on 1,2,3-triazole scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113083. [PMID: 33340911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In the past five years, our team had been committed to click chemistry research, exploring the biological activity of 1,2,3-triazole by synthesizing different target inhibitors. In this study, a series of novel indole-2-one derivatives based on 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds were synthesized for the first time, and their inhibitory activity on vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) was tested. Most of the compounds had shown promising activity in the VEGFR-2 kinase assay and had low toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The compound 13d (IC50 = 26.38 nM) had better kinase activity inhibition ability than sunitinib (IC50 = 83.20 nM) and was less toxic to HUVECs. Moreover, it had an excellent inhibitory effect on HT-29 and MKN-45 cells. On the one hand, by tube formation assay, transwell, and Western blot analysis, compound 13d could inhibit VEGFR-2 protein phosphorylate on HUVECs, thereby inhibiting HUVECs migration and tube formation. In vivo study, the zebrafish model with VEGFR-2 labeling also verified that compound 13d had more anti-angiogenesis ability than sunitinib. On the other hand, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results showed that compound 13d could stably bind to the active site of VEGFR-2. Based on the above findings, compound 13d could be considered an effective anti-angiogenesis drug and has more development value than sunitinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Pu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin-Yang Li
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China; Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Guo-Qing Lu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Wen-Han Xue
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xin-Hua Qian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Kamara Mohamed O
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Fan-Hao Meng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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32
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Modification of imidazothiazole derivatives gives promising activity in B-Raf kinase enzyme inhibition; synthesis, in vitro studies and molecular docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Chavda J, Bhatt H. Systemic review on B-Raf V600E mutation as potential therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112675. [PMID: 32798788 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major public catastrophes worldwide and as per WHO, cancer is the leading cause of death universally after CVS disorders accounting for 9.6 million deaths in 2018. WHO statistics revealed five dangerous types of cancer viz. lung, breast, colorectal, prostate and skin. In male, lung cancer causes highest death, while in female, breast cancer causes the most. Alteration in MAPK signalling pathway plays a significant role in majority of cancer cases. Raf protein is activated by phosphorylation via downstream regulation of the MAPK pathway. Raf composed of 3 subtypes, viz. A-Raf, B-Raf, and C-Raf. B-Raf kinase plays a significant role in healthy cell growth in the MAPK pathway and the problem associated with B-Raf mutation leads to the development of cancer and other diseases. The progression of mutant B-Raf (B-RafV600E) protein is higher in cancer as compare to other diseases. In 2002, B-RafV600E mutation was identified for the first time in the development of cancer. The frequency of B-RafV600E mutation is higher in melanoma, thyroid, colorectal and ovarian cancer. We have covered small molecule B-RafV600E inhibitors reported in various literatures; from 2002 to 2020 and also covered clinical trial data. To widen the scope of readers, we compiled details of small molecules, specifically inhibiting B-RafV600E mutant and showing anti-proliferative activity against various cancer cell lines along with in-vivo data. We believe that the information covered here will be important in signifying the potentials of B-RafV600E mutation and its inhibitors as potent anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaydeepsinh Chavda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India
| | - Hardik Bhatt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382 481, India.
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34
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Zhang Q, Zheng P, Zhu W. Research Progress of Small Molecule VEGFR/c-Met Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents (2016-Present). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112666. [PMID: 32521825 PMCID: PMC7321177 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) binds to VEGFR-A, VEGFR-C and VEGFR-D and participates in the formation of tumor blood vessels, mediates the proliferation of endothelial cells, enhances microvascular permeability, and blocks apoptosis. Blocking or downregulating the signal transduction of VEGFR is the main way to discover new drugs for many human angiogenesis-dependent malignancies. Mesenchymal epithelial transfer factor tyrosine kinase (c-Met) is a high affinity receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Abnormal c-Met signaling plays an important role in the formation, invasion and metastasis of human tumors. Therefore, the HGF/c-Met signaling pathway has become a significant target for cancer treatment. Related studies have shown that the conduction of the VEGFR and c-Met signaling pathways has a synergistic effect in inducing angiogenesis and inhibiting tumor growth. In recent years, multi-target small molecule inhibitors have become a research hotspot, among which the research of VEGFR and c-Met dual-target small molecule inhibitors has become more and more extensive. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the chemical structures and biological characteristics of novel VEGFR/c-Met dual-target small-molecule inhibitors in the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wufu Zhu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-791-8380-2393
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35
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, El Kerdawy AM, Omar MA, Berrino E, Abdelsamie AS, El Diwani HI, Supuran CT. New thiopyrimidine-benzenesulfonamide conjugates as selective carbonic anhydrase II inhibitors: synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115329. [PMID: 32007388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, a new series of thiopyrimidine-benzenesulfonamide conjugates was designed, synthesized and tested as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. Our design strategy was based on the molecular hybridization of the benzenesulfonamide moiety as a zinc binding group (ZBG), an alkylated thiopyrimidine moiety as a spacer and (un)substituted phenyl moieties with various electronic and hydrophobic environments as a tail. The designed and synthesized compounds were evaluated against four human (h) CA isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII. Series 6 showed promising activity and selectivity toward the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and hCA II versus the membrane bound isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII. Compounds 6e and 6f showed Ki of 0.04 µM against hCA II with a selectivity of 15.8- to 980-fold towards hCA II over hCA I, hCA IX, hCA XII isoforms. Molecular docking in the hCA II active site attributed the promising inhibitory activity of series 6 to the interaction of their sulfonamide moiety with the active site Zn2+ ion as well as its hydrogen bonding with the key amino acids Thr199 and Thr200. Through hydrophobic interaction, the benzenesulfonamide and the thiopyrimidine moieties interact with the hydrophobic side chains of the amino acids Val121/Leu198 and Ile91/Phe131, respectively. These results indicated that the designed and synthesized series is an interesting scaffold that can be further optimized for the development of selective antiglaucoma drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, New Giza, Km 22 Cairo-Alexandria Desert Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Omar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ahmed S Abdelsamie
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt; Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS) - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Campus Building E8.1, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Hoda I El Diwani
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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Abdel-Mohsen HT, Abd El-Meguid EA, El Kerdawy AM, Mahmoud AEE, Ali MM. Design, synthesis, and molecular docking of novel 2-arylbenzothiazole multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900340. [PMID: 32045054 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 2-arylbenzothiazoles 9, 10, and 12 were designed and synthesized as VEGFR-2/FGFR-1/PDGFR-β multiangiokinase inhibitors targeting breast cancer. Structural elongation of the known 2-phenylbenzothiazole scaffold (type I protein kinase inhibitor [PKI]), was carried out to afford series of type II PKIs 9, 10, and 12. Compounds 9d, 9f, 9i, and 9k exhibited potent multikinase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 0.19, 0.18, 0.17, and 0.13 μM, respectively, against VEGFR-2; IC50 values of 0.28, 0.37, 0.19, and 0.27 μM, respectively, against FGFR-1; and IC50 values of 0.07, 0.04, 0.08, and 0.14 μM, respectively, against PDGFR-β. Moreover, the synthesized benzothiazoles demonstrated promising cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 cell line. The most potent benzothiazoles 9d and 9i exhibited IC50 values of 7.83 and 6.58 μM, respectively, on the MCF-7 cell line in comparison to sorafenib (III), which showed IC50 = 4.33 μM. Additionally, 9d and 9i showed VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity in MCF-7 cells of 81% and 83% when compared with sorafenib (III), which showed 88% inhibition. Molecular docking of the designed compounds in the VEGFR-2 and FGFR-1 active sites showed the accommodation of the 2-phenylbenzothiazole moiety, as reported, in the hinge region of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-binding site, while the amide moiety is involved in hydrogen bond interactions with the key amino acids in the gate area; this in turn directs the aryl group to the hydrophobic allosteric back pocket of the RTKs in a type II-like binding mode. The synthesized benzothiazoles showed satisfactory ADME properties for further optimization in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba T Abdel-Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman A Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Giza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer E E Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinase VEGFR-2 in Hepatocellular Cancer: Rational Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040770. [PMID: 32053964 PMCID: PMC7071059 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel series of 1,2-disubstituted benzo[d]imidazoles was rationally designed as VEGFR-2 inhibitors targeting hepatocellular carcinoma. Our design strategy is two-fold; it aimed first at studying the effect of replacing the 5-methylfuryl moiety of the well-known antiangiogenic 2-furylbenzimidazoles with an isopropyl moiety on the VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and the cytotoxic activity. Our second objective was to further optimize the structures of the benzimidazole derivatives through elongation of the side chains at their one-position for the design of more potent type II-like VEGFR-2 inhibitors. The designed 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles demonstrated potent cytotoxic activity against the HepG2 cell line, reaching IC50 = 1.98 μM in comparison to sorafenib (IC50 = 10.99 μM). In addition, the synthesized compounds revealed promising VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity in the HepG2 cell line, e.g., compounds 17a and 6 showed 82% and 80% inhibition, respectively, in comparison to sorafenib (% inhibition = 92%). Studying the effect of 17a on the HepG2 cell cycle demonstrated that 17a arrested the cell cycle at the G2/M phase and induced a dose-dependent apoptotic effect. Molecular docking studies of the synthesized 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles in the VEGFR-2 active site displayed their ability to accomplish the essential hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions for optimum inhibitory activity.
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Abdel‐Mohsen HT, Abood A, Flanagan KJ, Meindl A, Senge MO, El Diwani HI. Synthesis, crystal structure, and ADME prediction studies of novel imidazopyrimidines as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e1900271. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba T. Abdel‐Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchNational Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Amira Abood
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchNational Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Keith J. Flanagan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's HospitalThe University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Alina Meindl
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's HospitalThe University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Medicinal Chemistry, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's HospitalThe University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Hoda I. El Diwani
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries ResearchNational Research Centre Cairo Egypt
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Abdel‐Mohsen HT, Girgis AS, Mahmoud AEE, Ali MM, El Diwani HI. New 2,4‐disubstituted‐2‐thiopyrimidines as VEGFR‐2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2019; 352:e1900089. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Heba T. Abdel‐Mohsen
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Adel S. Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Abeer E. E. Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Mamdouh M. Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
| | - Hoda I. El Diwani
- Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, Division of Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research National Research Centre Cairo Egypt
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