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Ye YX, Cao YY, Xu LS, Wang HC, Liu XH, Zhu HL. FAK inhibitors in cancer, a patent review - an update on progress. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2024; 34:593-610. [PMID: 38946486 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2368742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic non-receptor tyrosine kinase over-expressed in various malignancies which is related to various cellular functions such as adhesion, metastasis and proliferation. AREAS COVERED There is growing evidence that FAK is a promising therapeutic target for designing inhibitors by regulating the downstream pathways of FAK. Some potential FAK inhibitors have entered clinical phase research. EXPERT OPINION FAK could be an effective target in medicinal chemistry research and there were a variety of FAKIs have been patented recently. Here, we updated an overview of design, synthesis and structure-activity relationship of chemotherapeutic FAK inhibitors (FAKIs) from 2017 until now based on our previous work. We hope our efforts can broaden the understanding of FAKIs and provide new ideas and insights for future cancer treatment from medicinal chemistry point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xi Ye
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Yao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Li-Sheng Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Hai-Chao Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China
| | - Xin-Hua Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
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2
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Yang M, Xiang H, Luo G. Targeting focal adhesion kinase (FAK) for cancer therapy: FAK inhibitors, FAK-based dual-target inhibitors and PROTAC degraders. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 224:116246. [PMID: 38685282 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, plays an essential role in regulating cell proliferation, migration and invasion through both kinase-dependent enzymatic function and kinase-independent scaffolding function. The overexpression and activation of FAK is commonly observed in various cancers and some drug-resistant settings. Therefore, targeted disruption of FAK has been identified as an attractive strategy for cancer treatment. To date, numerous structurally diverse inhibitors targeting distinct domains of FAK have been developed, encompassing kinase domain inhibitors, FERM domain inhibitors, and FAT domain inhibitors, with several FAK inhibitors advanced to clinical trials. Moreover, given the critical role of FAK scaffolding function in signal transduction, FAK-targeted PROTACs have also been developed. Although no current FAK-targeted therapeutics have been approved for the market, the combination of FAK inhibitors with other anticancer drugs has shown considerable promise in the clinic. This review provides an overview of current drug discovery strategies targeting FAK, including the development of FAK inhibitors, FAK-based dual-target inhibitors and proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) in both literature and patent applications. Accordingly, their design and optimization process, mechanisms of action and biological activities are discussed to offer insights into future directions of FAK-targeting drug discovery in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China
| | - Hua Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
| | - Guoshun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China.
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3
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Farag MA, Kandeel MM, Kassab AE, Faggal SI. Medicinal attributes of thienopyrimidine scaffolds incorporating the aryl urea motif as potential anticancer candidates via VEGFR inhibition. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2024:e2400125. [PMID: 38738795 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202400125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, cancer is a major public health concern. It is a well-acknowledged life-threatening disease. Despite numerous advances in the understanding of the genetic basis of cancer growth and progression, therapeutic challenges remain high. Human tumors exhibited mutation or overexpression of several tyrosine kinases (TK). The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) is a TK family member and is well known for tumor growth and progression. Therefore, VEGF/VEGFR pathway inhibition is an appealing approach for cancer drug discovery. This review will discuss the structure-based optimization of thienopyrimidines incorporating the aryl urea moiety to develop scaffolds of potent anticancer activity via VEGFR inhibition published between 2013 and 2023. Increasing knowledge of probable scaffolds that can act as VEGFR inhibitors might spur the hunt for novel anticancer medications that are safer, more effective, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna A Farag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal M Kandeel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa E Kassab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samar I Faggal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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4
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Long Z, Zuo Y, Li R, Le Y, Dong Y, Yan L. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-arylamino-pyrimidine derivatives as focal adhesion kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106792. [PMID: 37633129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel series of 4-arylamino-pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors under the strategy of structure-based drug design. Most compounds performed excellent anti-proliferative activity against U87-MG cells. Especially, compounds 8d and 9b revealed the highest activity with IC50 values of 0.975 μM and 1.033 μM, which was much potent than the positive control TAE-226 (IC50 = 2.659 μM). On the other hand, the total 27 compounds exhibited low inhibition against human normal 2BS cells. Moreover, compounds 8d and 9b showed outstanding activity against FAK with IC50 values of 0.2438 nM and 0.2691 nM, which was very close to TAE-226 (IC50 = 0.1390 nM). Further studies proved that compounds 8d and 9b could induce U87-MG cell early apoptosis and arrest the cell at G2/M phase. The action mechanism indicated that they could significantly inhibit U87-MG cell clone formation, cell migration, and FAK phosphorylation. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation investigations suggested that compounds 8d and 9b could firmly occupy the ATP binding site of FAK. These findings supported the further researches of compounds 8d and 9b as FAK inhibitors for antitumor drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Long
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yaqing Zuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Le
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yawen Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Longjia Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, Guiyang 550025, China.
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5
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Zeng S, Yuan S, Zhang Y, Du J, Wu Y, Chen Y, Zhu P, Huang W. Discovery of novel pyrrolo [2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives as potent FAK inhibitors based on cyclization strategy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 139:106713. [PMID: 37459823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, plays a pivotal role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Many FAK inhibitors had been reported, but the development of FAK inhibitors in clinical studies are still limited. To facilitate the discovery of FAK modulators and further elucidate the role of FAK in cancer metastasis, it is necessary to discover a novel, potent and selective FAK inhibitor. In this study, a series of FAK inhibitors with novel scaffold were designed and synthesized based on cyclization strategy. Here, we reported compound 10b (HMC-18NH) with excellent inhibition of FAK (IC50 = 9.9 nM) and anticancer activity against several cancer cell lines including BxPC-3, PANC-1, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, U-87MG, HepG2, HCT-15 and A549. Extraordinary, compound 10b showed the best cytotoxic effects against A549 with the IC50 value of 0.8 μM. In addition, 10b exhibited effective invasion and migration suppression in A549 cells. Further investigations revealed that compound 10b potently induced and promoted apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner and arrested A549 cells in the G2/M phase. Collectively, these results suggest that 10b is a promising FAK inhibitor and serve as a lead compound which deserve for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxin Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Publish Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399 China
| | - Jinbei Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Yuhao Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China
| | - Yinqiao Chen
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peizhen Zhu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wenhai Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311399, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Key Discipline of Zhejiang Province in Public Health and Preventive Medicine (First Class, Category A), Hangzhou Medical College, China.
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6
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Břehová P, Řezníčková E, Škach K, Jorda R, Dejmek M, Vojáčková V, Šála M, Kovalová M, Dračínský M, Dolníková A, Strmeň T, Kinnertová M, Chalupský K, Dvořáková A, Gucký T, Mertlíková Kaiserová H, Klener P, Nencka R, Kryštof V. Inhibition of FLT3-ITD Kinase in Acute Myeloid Leukemia by New Imidazo[1,2- b]pyridazine Derivatives Identified by Scaffold Hopping. J Med Chem 2023; 66:11133-11157. [PMID: 37535845 PMCID: PMC10461230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 kinase is a potential drug target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Patients with FLT3 mutations typically have higher relapse rates and worse outcomes than patients without FLT3 mutations. In this study, we investigated the suitability of various heterocycles as central cores of FLT3 inhibitors, including thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine, imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine, pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidine, and imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine. Our assays revealed a series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines with high potency against FLT3. Compound 34f showed nanomolar inhibitory activity against recombinant FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835Y (IC50 values 4 and 1 nM, respectively) as well as in the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell lines MV4-11, MOLM-13, and MOLM-13 expressing the FLT3-ITD-D835Y mutant (GI50 values of 7, 9, and 4 nM, respectively). In contrast, FLT3-independent cell lines were much less sensitive. In vitro experiments confirmed suppression of FLT3 downstream signaling pathways. Finally, the treatment of MV4-11 xenograft-bearing mice with 34f at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg markedly blocked tumor growth without any adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Břehová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Řezníčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Kryštof Škach
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Jorda
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Milan Dejmek
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Vojáčková
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Michal Šála
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Kovalová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dolníková
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Timotej Strmeň
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Kinnertová
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Karel Chalupský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandra Dvořáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Gucký
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
| | - Helena Mertlíková Kaiserová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Klener
- Institute
of Pathological Physiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 12108 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 16000 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Kryštof
- Department
of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech
Republic
- Institute
of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, 77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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7
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Three-Dimensional-QSAR and Relative Binding Affinity Estimation of Focal Adhesion Kinase Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031464. [PMID: 36771129 PMCID: PMC9919860 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise binding affinity predictions are essential for structure-based drug discovery (SBDD). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a member of the tyrosine kinase protein family and is overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies. Inhibition of FAK using small molecules is a promising therapeutic option for several types of cancer. Here, we conducted computational modeling of FAK-targeting inhibitors using three-dimensional structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR), molecular dynamics (MD), and hybrid topology-based free energy perturbation (FEP) methods. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies between the physicochemical descriptors and inhibitory activities of the chemical compounds were performed with reasonable statistical accuracy using CoMFA and CoMSIA. These are two well-known 3D-QSAR methods based on the principle of supervised machine learning (ML). Essential information regarding residue-specific binding interactions was determined using MD and MM-PB/GBSA methods. Finally, physics-based relative binding free energy (ΔΔGRBFEA→B) terms of analogous ligands were estimated using alchemical FEP simulation. An acceptable agreement was observed between the experimental and computed relative binding free energies. Overall, the results suggested that using ML and physics-based hybrid approaches could be useful in synergy for the rational optimization of accessible lead compounds with similar scaffolds targeting the FAK receptor.
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8
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Liu N, Wang X, Fu Q, Qin Q, Wu T, Lv R, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4- b]pyridine derivatives as TRK inhibitors. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:85-102. [PMID: 36760745 PMCID: PMC9890667 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00334a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases (TRKs) are associated with the proliferation and differentiation of cells, and thus their continuous activation and overexpression cause cancer. Herein, based on scaffold hopping and computer-aid drug design, 38 pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives were synthesised. Further, we evaluated their activities to inhibit TRKA. Among them, compound C03 showed acceptable activity with an IC50 value of 56 nM and it inhibited the proliferation of the Km-12 cell line with an IC50 value of 0.304 μM together with obvious selectivity for the MCF-7 cell line and HUVEC cell line. Furthermore, compound C03 possessed good plasma stability and low inhibitory activity to a panel of cytochrome P450 isoforms except CYP2C9. Overall, C03 has potential for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Qinglin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Ruicheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District Shenyang 110016 PR China
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9
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Schröder M, Leiendecker M, Grädler U, Braun J, Blum A, Wanior M, Berger BT, Krämer A, Müller S, Esdar C, Knapp S, Heinrich T. MSC-1186, a Highly Selective Pan-SRPK Inhibitor Based on an Exceptionally Decorated Benzimidazole-Pyrimidine Core. J Med Chem 2023; 66:837-854. [PMID: 36516476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly conserved catalytic sites in protein kinases make it difficult to identify ATP competitive inhibitors with kinome-wide selectivity. Serendipitously, during a dedicated fragment campaign for the focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a scaffold that had lost its initial FAK affinity showed remarkable potency and selectivity for serine-arginine-protein kinases 1-3 (SRPK1-3). Non-conserved interactions with the uniquely structured hinge region of the SRPK family were the key drivers of the exclusive selectivity of the discovered fragment hit. Structure-guided medicinal chemistry efforts led to the SRPK inhibitor MSC-1186, which fulfills all hallmarks of a reversible chemical probe, including nanomolar cellular potency and excellent kinome-wide selectivity. The combination of MSC-1186 with CDC2-like kinase (CLK) inhibitors showed additive attenuation of SR-protein phosphorylation compared to the single agents. MSC-1186 and negative control (MSC-5360) are chemical probes available via the Structural Genomics Consortium chemical probe program (https://www.sgc-ffm.uni-frankfurt.de/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schröder
- SGC Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Grädler
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Juliane Braun
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Blum
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marek Wanior
- SGC Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Benedict-Tilman Berger
- SGC Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andreas Krämer
- SGC Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Müller
- SGC Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christina Esdar
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- SGC Frankfurt, Goethe University Frankfurt, Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences (BMLS), Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 15, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Riedberg Campus, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Heinrich
- Merck Healthcare KGaA, Frankfurter Str. 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
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10
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Structure-based discovery of 1-(3-fluoro-5-(5-(3-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)phenyl)-3-(pyrimidin-5-yl)urea as a potent and selective nanomolar type-II PLK4 inhibitor. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Spallarossa A, Tasso B, Russo E, Villa C, Brullo C. The Development of FAK Inhibitors: A Five-Year Update. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126381. [PMID: 35742823 PMCID: PMC9223874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase over-expressed in different solid cancers. In recent years, FAK has been recognized as a new target for the development of antitumor agents, useful to contrast tumor development and metastasis formation. To date, studies on the role of FAK and FAK inhibitors are of great interest for both pharmaceutical companies and academia. This review is focused on compounds able to block FAK with different potencies and with different mechanisms of action, that have appeared in the literature since 2017. Furthermore, new emerging PROTAC molecules have appeared in the literature. This summary could improve knowledge of new FAK inhibitors and provide information for future investigations, in particular, from a medicinal chemistry point of view.
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12
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Abdelnaby RM, El-Malah AA, FakhrEldeen RR, Saeed MM, Nadeem RI, Younis NS, Abdel-Rahman HM, El-Dydamony NM. In Vitro Anticancer Activity Screening of Novel Fused Thiophene Derivatives as VEGFR-2/AKT Dual Inhibitors and Apoptosis Inducers. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060700. [PMID: 35745619 PMCID: PMC9229165 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are seen as promising targets in controlling cell proliferation and survival in treating cancer where fused thiophene synthon was utilized in many kinase inhibitors approved by the FDA. Accordingly, this work focused on adopting fused thienopyrrole and pyrrolothienopyrimidine scaffolds in preparing new inhibitors, which were evaluated as antiproliferative agents in the HepG2 and PC-3 cell lines. The compounds 3b (IC50 = 3.105 and 2.15 μM) and 4c (IC50 = 3.023 and 3.12 μM) were the most promising candidates on both cells with good selective toxicity-sparing normal cells. A further mechanistic evaluation revealed promising kinase inhibitory activity, where 4c inhibited VEGFR-2 and AKT at IC50 = 0.075 and 4.60 μM, respectively, while 3b showed IC50 = 0.126 and 6.96 μM, respectively. Moreover, they resulted in S phase cell cycle arrest with subsequent caspase-3-induced apoptosis. Lastly, docking studies evaluated the binding patterns of these active derivatives and demonstrated a similar fitting pattern to the reference ligands inside the active sites of both VEGFR-2 and AKT (allosteric pocket) crystal structures. To conclude, these thiophene derivatives represent promising antiproliferative leads inhibiting both VEGFR-2 and AKT and inducing apoptosis in liver cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Abdelnaby
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.M.A.); (N.M.E.-D.); Tel.: +20-01001797688 or +2-01270551779 (R.M.A.)
| | - Afaf A. El-Malah
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Rasha R. FakhrEldeen
- Biochemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12585, Egypt;
| | - Marwa M. Saeed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Lecturer, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt;
| | - Rania I. Nadeem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt;
| | - Nancy S. Younis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Faculty of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Al-Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hanaa M. Abdel-Rahman
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Nehad M. El-Dydamony
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October City 12585, Egypt
- Correspondence: (R.M.A.); (N.M.E.-D.); Tel.: +20-01001797688 or +2-01270551779 (R.M.A.)
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13
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Sun Y, Wang R, Sun Y, Wang L, Xue Y, Wang J, Wu T, Yin W, Qin Q, Sun Y, Zhao D, Cheng M. Identification of novel and potent PROTACs targeting FAK for non-small cell lung cancer: Design, synthesis, and biological study. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 237:114373. [PMID: 35486993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular non-receptor tyrosine protein kinase Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a key signalling regulator, which mediates tumor survival, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis through its kinase catalytic functions and non-kinase scaffolding functions. Previous efforts have clarified that it is crucial to address both FAK kinase and scaffolding functions instead of just inhibiting FAK kinase activity because it may be insufficient to completely block FAK signaling. Proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology is a method of targeting a specific protein and inducing its degradation in the cell, which can simultaneously eliminate both kinase-dependent enzymatic functions and scaffolding functions. In current study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel FAK PROTACs and the optimal PROTAC B5 exhibited potent FAK affinity with an IC50 value of 14.9 nM. Furthermore, in A549 cells, PROTAC B5 presented strong FAK degradation activity (86.4% degradation @ 10 nM), powerful antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.01 μM) and inhibited cell migration and invasion in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, the in vitro preliminary drug-like properties evaluation of PROTAC B5 showed outstanding plasma stability and moderate membrane permeability. Together, current results provided a promising FAK PROTAC B5 as lead compound for cancer-related drug discovery and FAK-degradation functions exploration in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, 56 Xinjiannan Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yanli Xue
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Jingkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110016, PR China
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14
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Albratty M, Ahmad Alhazmi H. Novel pyridine and pyrimidine derivatives as promising anticancer agents: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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15
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Quispe PA, Lavecchia MJ, León IE. Focal adhesion kinase inhibitors in the treatment of solid tumors: Preclinical and clinical evidence. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:664-674. [PMID: 34856395 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) is a 125-kDa cytoplasmic protein kinase that is implicated in several cellular functions. This protein is an attractive molecular target for cancer therapy because a wide variety of studies have demonstrated associations between the activation or elevated expression of FAK and tumor progression, invasion, and drug resistance in malignant tumors. Here, we review the strategies used to inhibit FAK activity in solid tumors. We also include an overview of the preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies on FAK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Quispe
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Martin J Lavecchia
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
| | - Ignacio E León
- Centro de Química Inorgánica (CEQUINOR, CONICET-UNLP), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Bv 120 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina.
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16
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Laxmikeshav K, Kumari P, Shankaraiah N. Expedition of sulfur-containing heterocyclic derivatives as cytotoxic agents in medicinal chemistry: A decade update. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:513-575. [PMID: 34453452 DOI: 10.1002/med.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article proposes a comprehensive report of the design strategies engaged in the development of various sulfur-bearing cytotoxic agents. The outcomes of various studies depict that the sulfur heterocyclic framework is a fundamental structure in diverse synthetic analogs representing a myriad scope of therapeutic activities. A number of five-, six- and seven-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic scaffolds, such as thiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazolidinediones, thiophenes, thiopyrans, benzothiazoles, benzothiophenes, thienopyrimidines, simple and modified phenothiazines, and thiazepines have been discussed. The subsequent studies of the derivatives unveiled their cytotoxic effects through multiple mechanisms (viz. inhibition of tyrosine kinases, topoisomerase I and II, tubulin, COX, DNA synthesis, and PI3K/Akt and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathways), and several others. Thus, our concise illustration explains the design strategy and anticancer potential of these five- and six-membered sulfur-containing heterocyclic molecules along with a brief outline on seven-membered sulfur heterocycles. The thorough assessment of antiproliferative activities with the reference drug allows a proficient assessment of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of the diversely synthesized molecules of the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Laxmikeshav
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Pooja Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
| | - Nagula Shankaraiah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, India
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17
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Cho H, Shin I, Yoon H, Jeon E, Lee J, Kim Y, Ryu S, Song C, Kwon NH, Moon Y, Kim S, Kim ND, Choi HG, Sim T. Identification of Thieno[3,2- d]pyrimidine Derivatives as Dual Inhibitors of Focal Adhesion Kinase and FMS-like Tyrosine Kinase 3. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11934-11957. [PMID: 34324343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is overexpressed in highly invasive and metastatic cancers. To identify novel FAK inhibitors, we designed and synthesized various thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine derivatives. An intensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) study led to the identification of 26 as a lead. Moreover, 26, a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, possesses excellent potencies against FLT3 mutants as well as FAK. Gratifyingly, 26 remarkably inhibits recalcitrant FLT3 mutants, including F691L, that cause drug resistance. Importantly, 26 is superior to PF-562271 in terms of apoptosis induction, anchorage-independent growth inhibition, and tumor burden reduction in the MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. Also, 26 causes regression of tumor growth in the MV4-11 xenograft mouse model, indicating that it could be effective against acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Finally, in an orthotopic mouse model using MDA-MB-231, 26 remarkably prevents metastasis of orthotopic tumors to lymph nodes. Taken together, the results indicate that 26 possesses potential therapeutic value against highly invasive cancers and relapsed AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Cho
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Injae Shin
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojong Yoon
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunhye Jeon
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - SeongShick Ryu
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chiman Song
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hoon Kwon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Moon
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Kim
- Medicinal Bioconvergence Research Center, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Biomedical Research, College of Pharmacy & College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Doo Kim
- Voronoibio Inc., 32 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Geun Choi
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- B2Sbio Inc., 32 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21984, Republic of Korea
| | - Taebo Sim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarangro14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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18
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Novel N-bridged pyrazole-1-carbothioamides with potential antiproliferative activity: design, synthesis, in vitro and in silico studies. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1743-1766. [PMID: 34427113 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Thiazole-substituted pyrazole is an important structural feature of many bioactive compounds, including antiviral, antitubercular, analgesic and anticancer agents. Herein we describe an efficient and facile approach for the synthesis of two series of 36 novel N-bridged pyrazole-1-phenylthiazoles. The antiproliferative activity of a set of representative compounds was evaluated in vitro against different human cancer cell lines. Among the identified compounds, compound 18 showed potent anticancer activity against the examined cancer cell lines. The in silico molecular docking study revealed that compound 18 possesses high binding affinity toward both SK1 and CDK2. Overall, these results indicate that compound 18 is a promising lead anticancer compound which may be exploited for development of antiproliferative drugs.
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19
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Gandhi A, Masand V, Zaki MEA, Al-Hussain SA, Ghorbal AB, Chapolikar A. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Evaluation of MDA-MB-231 Cell Anti-Proliferative Leads. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26164795. [PMID: 34443383 PMCID: PMC8401583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26164795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present endeavor, for the dataset of 219 in vitro MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell antagonists, a (QSAR) quantitative structure–activity relationships model has been carried out. The quantitative and explicative assessments were performed to identify inconspicuous yet pre-eminent structural features that govern the anti-tumor activity of these compounds. GA-MLR (genetic algorithm multi-linear regression) methodology was employed to build statistically robust and highly predictive multiple QSAR models, abiding by the OECD guidelines. Thoroughly validated QSAR models attained values for various statistical parameters well above the threshold values (i.e., R2 = 0.79, Q2LOO = 0.77, Q2LMO = 0.76–0.77, Q2-Fn = 0.72–0.76). Both de novo QSAR models have a sound balance of descriptive and statistical approaches. Decidedly, these QSAR models are serviceable in the development of MDA-MB-231 TNBC cell antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaykumar Gandhi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad 431 004, Maharashtra, India;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Vijay Masand
- Department of Chemistry, Vidya Bharati Mahavidyalaya, Amravati 444 602, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (M.E.A.Z.)
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Anis Ben Ghorbal
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Sciences, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 13318, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Archana Chapolikar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Arts and Science, Aurangabad 431 004, Maharashtra, India;
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20
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FAK inhibitors as promising anticancer targets: present and future directions. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:1559-1590. [PMID: 34340532 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2021-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FAK, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, has been recognized as a novel target class for the development of targeted anticancer agents. Overexpression of FAK is a common occurrence in several solid tumors, in which the kinase has been implicated in promoting metastases. Consequently, designing and developing potent FAK inhibitors is becoming an attractive goal, and FAK inhibitors are being recognized as a promising tool in our armamentarium for treating diverse cancers. This review comprehensively summarizes the different classes of synthetically derived compounds that have been reported as potent FAK inhibitors in the last three decades. Finally, the future of FAK-targeting smart drugs that are designed to slow down the emergence of drug resistance is discussed.
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21
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Pang XJ, Liu XJ, Liu Y, Liu WB, Li YR, Yu GX, Tian XY, Zhang YB, Song J, Jin CY, Zhang SY. Drug Discovery Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) as a Promising Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144250. [PMID: 34299525 PMCID: PMC8308130 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
FAK is a nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinase which plays an important biological function. Many studies have found that FAK is overexpressed in many human cancer cell lines, which promotes tumor cell growth by controlling cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Therefore, targeting FAK is considered to be a promising cancer therapy with small molecules. Many FAK inhibitors have been reported as anticancer agents with various mechanisms. Currently, six FAK inhibitors, including GSK-2256098 (Phase I), VS-6063 (Phase II), CEP-37440 (Phase I), VS-6062 (Phase I), VS-4718 (Phase I), and BI-853520 (Phase I) are undergoing clinical trials in different phases. Up to now, there have been many novel FAK inhibitors with anticancer activity reported by different research groups. In addition, FAK degraders have been successfully developed through “proteolysis targeting chimera” (PROTAC) technology, opening up a new way for FAK-targeted therapy. In this paper, the structure and biological function of FAK are reviewed, and we summarize the design, chemical types, and activity of FAK inhibitors according to the development of FAK drugs, which provided the reference for the discovery of new anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Pang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Xiu-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Yin-Ru Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
| | - Guang-Xi Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
| | - Xin-Yi Tian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
| | - Yan-Bing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
| | - Jian Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.-Y.J.); (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.-Y.J.); (S.-Y.Z.)
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (X.-J.P.); (X.-J.L.); (Y.L.); (W.-B.L.); (Y.-B.Z.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (Y.-R.L.); (G.-X.Y.); (X.-Y.T.)
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (C.-Y.J.); (S.-Y.Z.)
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Han C, Shen K, Wang S, Wang Z, Su F, Wu X, Hu X, Li M, Han J, Wu L. Discovery of Novel 2,4-Dianilinopyrimidine Derivatives Containing 4-(Morpholinomethyl)phenyl and N-Substituted Benzamides as Potential FAK Inhibitors and Anticancer Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144187. [PMID: 34299462 PMCID: PMC8304610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is responsible for the development and progression of various malignancies. With the aim to explore novel FAK inhibitors as anticancer agents, a series of 2,4-dianilinopyrimidine derivatives 8a–8i and 9a–9g containing 4-(morpholinomethyl)phenyl and N-substituted benzamides have been designed and synthesized. Among them, compound 8a displayed potent anti-FAK activity (IC50 = 0.047 ± 0.006 μM) and selective antiproliferative effects against H1975 (IC50 = 0.044 ± 0.011 μM) and A431 cells (IC50 = 0.119 ± 0.036 μM). Furthermore, compound 8a also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, arresting the cells in S/G2 phase and inhibiting the migration of H1975 cells, all of which were superior to those of TAE226. The docking analysis of compound 8a was performed to elucidate its possible binding modes with FAK. These results established 8a as our lead compound to be further investigated as a potential FAK inhibitor and anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Han
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Kemin Shen
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046011, China;
| | - Shijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Feng Su
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Xi Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Xiaoqin Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengyao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-516-8340-3166 (J.H.); +86-355-217-8113 (L.W.)
| | - Lintao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China; (C.H.); (S.W.); (Z.W.); (F.S.); (X.W.); (X.H.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (L.W.); Tel.: +86-516-8340-3166 (J.H.); +86-355-217-8113 (L.W.)
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Arshad M, Khan MS, Nami SAA, Ahmad SI, Kashif M, Anjum A. Synthesis, characterization, biological, and molecular docking assessment of bioactive 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones fused with 1-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-4-yl) moieties. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-020-02144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Mahapatra A, Prasad T, Sharma T. Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer.
Main text
Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade.
Conclusion
This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold.
Graphical abstract
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Brullo C, Tasso B. New Insights on Fak and Fak Inhibitors. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:3318-3338. [PMID: 33143618 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666201103162239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal adhesion kinase (Fak) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase overexpressed and activated in different solid cancers; it has shown an important role in metastasis formation, cell migration, invasion and angiogenesis and consequently it has been proposed as a potential target in cancer therapy, particularly in a metastatic phase. In recent years, different investigations have highlighted the importance of new Fak inhibitors as potential anti-cancer drugs, but other studies evidenced its role in different pathologies related to the cardiac function or viral infection. METHODS An extensive bibliographic research (104 references) has been done concerning the structure of Fak, its importance in tumor development, but also in other pathologies currently under study. The compounds currently subjected to clinical studies were therefore treated using the appropriate databases. Finally, the main chemical scaffolds currently under preclinical investigation were analyzed, focusing on their molecular structures and on the activity structure relationships (SAR). RESULTS At the moment, only a few reversible ATP-competitive inhibitors are under investigation in pre-clinical studies and clinical trials. Other compounds, with different chemical scaffolds, are investigated to obtain more active and selective Fak inhibitors. This mini-review is a summary of different Fak functions in cancer and other pathologies; the compounds today in clinical trials and the recent chemical scaffolds (also included in patents) giving the most interesting results are investigated. In addition, PROTAC molecules are reported. CONCLUSION All reported results evidenced that additional studies are necessary to design and synthesize new selective and more active compounds, although promising information has been obtained from associations between Fak inhibitors and other different anti- cancer drugs. In addition, the other important roles evidenced, both at the nuclear level and in non-cancerous cells, make this protein an increasingly important target in pharmaceutical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3-I16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Bruno Tasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 3-I16132 Genova, Italy
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Wang S, Zhang RH, Zhang H, Wang YC, Yang D, Zhao YL, Yan GY, Xu GB, Guan HY, Zhou YH, Cui DB, Liu T, Li YJ, Liao SG, Zhou M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2,4-diamino pyrimidine derivatives as potent FAK inhibitors with anti-cancer and anti-angiogenesis activities. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 222:113573. [PMID: 34091209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A series of 2,4-diamino pyrimidine (DAPY) derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with antitumor and anti-angiogenesis activities. Most compounds effectively suppressed the enzymatic activities of FAK, and the IC50s of 11b and 12f were 2.75 and 1.87 nM, respectively. 11b and 12f exhibited strong antiproliferative effects against seven human cancer cells, with IC50 values against two FAK-overexpressing pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 and BxPC-3) of 0.98 μM, 0.55 μM, and 0.11 μM, 0.15 μM, respectively. Moreover, 11b and 12f obviously suppressed the colony formation, migration, and invasion of PANC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, these two compounds could induce the apoptosis of PANC-1 cells and arrest the cell cycle in G2/M phase according to the flow cytometry assay. Western blot revealed that 11b and 12f effectively inhibited the FAK/PI3K/Akt signal pathway and significantly decreased the expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2. In addition, compounds 11b and 12f potently inhibited the antiproliferative of HUVECs and obviously altered the cell morphology. 11b and 12f also significantly inhibited the migration, tube formation of HUVECs and severely impaired the angiogenesis in the zebrafish model. Overall, these results revealed the potential of compounds 11b and 12f as promising candidates for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Rong-Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China; Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yu-Chan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yong-Long Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Yi Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan University, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Guo-Bo Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Huan-Yu Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yan-Hua Zhou
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Dong-Bing Cui
- Center for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Research, Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Yong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China
| | - Shang-Gao Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Engineering Research Center for the Development and Application of Ethnic Medicine and TCM (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou, PR China.
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El Azab IH, Bakr RB, Elkanzi NAA. Facile One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrazolo-Thiazole Substituted Pyridines with Potential Anti-Proliferative Activity: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113103. [PMID: 34067399 PMCID: PMC8196987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrazolothiazole-substituted pyridine conjugates are an important class of heterocyclic compounds with an extensive variety of potential applications in the medicinal and pharmacological arenas. Therefore, herein, we describe an efficient and facile approach for the synthesis of novel pyrazolo-thiazolo-pyridine conjugate 4, via multicomponent condensation. The latter compound was utilized as a base for the synthesis of two series of 15 novel pyrazolothiazole-based pyridine conjugates (5-16). The newly synthesized compounds were fully characterized using several spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR and MS) and elemental analyses. The anti-proliferative impact of the new synthesized compounds 5-13 and 16 was in vitro appraised towards three human cancer cell lines: human cervix (HeLa), human lung (NCI-H460) and human prostate (PC-3). Our outcomes regarding the anti-proliferative activities disclosed that all the tested compounds exhibited cytotoxic potential towards all the tested cell lines with IC50 = 17.50-61.05 µM, especially the naphthyridine derivative 7, which exhibited the most cytotoxic potential towards the tested cell lines (IC50 = 14.62-17.50 µM) compared with the etoposide (IC50 = 13.34-17.15 µM). Moreover, an in silico docking simulation study was performed on the newly prepared compounds within topoisomerase II (3QX3), to suggest the binding mode of these compounds as anticancer candidates. The in silico docking results indicate that compound 7 was a promising lead anticancer compound which possesses high binding affinity toward topoisomerase II (3QX3) protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam H. El Azab
- Food Science and Nutrition Department, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Rania B. Bakr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
| | - Nadia A. A. Elkanzi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia;
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, P.O. Box 81528, Aswan, Egypt
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel benzofuran derivatives as potent LSD1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113501. [PMID: 33945992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a FAD-dependent enzyme, which has been proposed as a promising target for therapeutic cancer. Herein, a series of benzofuran derivatives were designed, synthesized and biochemical evaluated as novel LSD1 inhibitors based on scaffold hopping and conformational restriction strategy. Most of the compounds potently suppressed the enzymatic activities of LSD1 and potently inhibited tumor cells proliferation. In particular, the representative compound 17i exhibited excellent LSD1 inhibition at the molecular levels with IC50 = 0.065 μM, as well as anti-proliferation against MCF-7, MGC-803, H460, A549 and THP-1 tumor cells with IC50 values of 2.90 ± 0.32, 5.85 ± 0.35, 2.06 ± 0.27, 5.74 ± 1.03 and 6.15 ± 0.49 μM, respectively. The binding modes of these compounds were rationalized by molecular docking. Meanwhile, a preliminary druggability evaluation showed that compound 17i displayed favorable liver microsomal stability and weak inhibitory activity against CYPs at 10 μM. Remarkably, H460 xenograft tumors studies revealed that 17i demonstrated robust in vivo antitumor efficacy without significant side effects. All the results demonstrated that compound 17i could represent a promising lead for further development.
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Zarenezhad E, Farjam M, Iraji A. Synthesis and biological activity of pyrimidines-containing hybrids: Focusing on pharmacological application. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Qi Y, Li Y, Fang Y, Gao H, Qiang B, Wang S, Zhang H. Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of 2,4-Diaminopyrimidine Derivatives Targeting Focal Adhesion Kinase as Tumor Radiotracers. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1634-1642. [PMID: 33739836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There are two important topics in the field of cancer research: one is targeted molecular therapy and the other is tumor molecular imaging. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is considered as an attractive target for oncologic diagnosis and therapy. A series of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives were labeled with 18F to study their biological properties and their potential as positron emission tomography tumor imaging agents. They inhibited the activity of FAK with IC50 values in the wide range of 0.6-2164 nM, among which the IC50 of Q6 was 3.2 nM. For the biodistribution in S180-bearing mice, the corresponding [18F]Q6 was relatively good, with the highest uptake of 3.35 ± 0.32 % ID/g at 30 min postinjection, with a tumor/muscle ratio of 2.08 and a tumor/bone ratio of 2.48. Accordingly, [18F]Q6 was considered as a potential PET imaging agent for tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Qi
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye Li
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Fang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, No. 436 Xian'ge Road, Anyang 455000, Henan Province, China
| | - Hang Gao
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bingchao Qiang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Huabei Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, China
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Shirvani P, Fassihi A. In silico design of novel FAK inhibitors using integrated molecular docking, 3D-QSAR and molecular dynamics simulation studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:5965-5982. [PMID: 33475043 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1875880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase that plays a crucial role in integrin signaling that regulates essential cellular functions including growth, motility, proliferation and survival in different types of cells. Interestingly, it has also shown to be up-regulated in various types of tumors, hence it has emerged as a significant therapeutic target for the development of selective inhibitors. In present work, with the aim of achieving further insight into the structural characteristics required for the FAK inhibitory activity, a combined approach of molecular modeling studies including molecular docking, three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were carried out on a series of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine and thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidine FAK inhibitors. The probable binding modes and interactions of inhibitors into the FAK active site were predicted by molecular docking. The 3D-QSAR models were developed using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods, with three ligand-based, docking-based and receptor-based alignment techniques. Both CoMFA and CoMSIA models obtained from receptor-based alignment were superior to the ones obtained by other alignment methods. However, the CoMSIA model (q2 = 0.679, r2 = 0.954 and r2pred = 0.888) depicted almost better predictive ability than the CoMFA model (q2 = 0.617, r2 = 0.932 and r2pred = 0.856). The contour map analysis revealed the relationship between the structural features and inhibitory activity. The docking results and CoMFA and CoMSIA contour maps were in good accordance. Based on the information obtained from the molecular docking and contour map analysis, a series of novel FAK inhibitors were designed that showed better predicted inhibitory activity than the most potent compound 31 in the data set. Finally, the stability of the reference molecule 31 and the designed compounds D15 and D27 were evaluated through a 30 ns of MD simulation and their binding free energies were calculated using the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) method. The result of MD simulation and binding free energy decomposition demonstrated the important role of van der Waals interactions alongside H-bond ones that were in consistent with the docking and contour maps analysis results. In sum, the results from this study may provide a significant insight for developing more effective novel FAK inhibitors.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouria Shirvani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Afshin Fassihi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran.,Bioinformatics Research Center, Isfahan university of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
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Yan L, Zhang D, Wang Q, Yang J, Zhang Q, Le Y, Liu L. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Pyrimidine Derivatives as FAK Inhibitors for Development of Antitumor Agents. HETEROCYCLES 2021. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Chauhan A, Khan T. Focal adhesion kinase—An emerging viable target in cancer and development of focal adhesion kinase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2020; 97:774-794. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Chauhan
- Department of Quality Assurance Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy Mumbai India
| | - Tabassum Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Quality Assurance Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy Mumbai India
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Lu Y, Sun H. Progress in the Development of Small Molecular Inhibitors of Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK). J Med Chem 2020; 63:14382-14403. [PMID: 33058670 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a nonreceptor intracellular tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in cancer cell adhesion, survival, proliferation, and migration through both its enzymatic activities and scaffolding functions. Overexpression of FAK has been found in many human cancer cells from different origins, which promotes tumor progression and influences clinical outcomes in different classes of human tumors. Therefore, FAK has been considered as a promising target for small molecule anticancer drug development. Many FAK inhibitors targeting different domains of FAK with various mechanisms of functions have been reported, including kinase domain inhibitors, FERM domain inhibitors, and FAT domain inhibitors. In addition, FAK-targeting PROTACs, which can induce the degradation of FAK, have also been developed. In this Perspective, we summarized the progress in the development of small molecular FAK inhibitors and proposed the perspectives for the future development of agents targeting FAK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haiying Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
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Discovery of 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridine derivatives as potent FAK inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2020; 102:104092. [PMID: 32707280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is an intracellular non-receptor tyrosine kinase responsible for development of various tumor types. Aiming to explore new potent inhibitors, two series of 2,4-disubstituted-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized on the base of structure-based design strategy. Biological evaluation indicated that most of these new compounds could potently inhibit FAK kinase, leading to the promising inhibitors against the proliferation of U-87MG, A-549, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. Among them, the optimized compound 18h potently inhibited the enzyme (IC50 = 19.1 nM) and displayed stronger potency than TAE-226 in U-87MG, A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC50 values of 0.35, 0.24, and 0.34 μM, respectively. Compound 18h is a multi-target kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, compound 18h also exhibited relatively less cytotoxicity (IC50 = 3.72 μM) toward a normal human cell line, HK2. According to the flow cytometry and wound healing assay results, compound 18h effectively induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest of MDA-MB-231 cells and suppressed the migration of U-87MG, A-549 and MDA-MB-231 cells. The docking study of compound 18h was performed to elucidate its possible binding modes and to provide a structural basis for the further structural guidance design of FAK inhibitors. Collectively, these data support the further development of compound 18h as a lead compound for FAK-targeted anticancer drug discovery.
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Gütschow M, Vanden Eynde JJ, Jampilek J, Kang C, Mangoni AA, Fossa P, Karaman R, Trabocchi A, Scott PJH, Reynisson J, Rapposelli S, Galdiero S, Winum JY, Brullo C, Prokai-Tatrai K, Sharma AK, Schapira M, Azuma YT, Cerchia L, Spetea M, Torri G, Collina S, Geronikaki A, García-Sosa AT, Vasconcelos MH, Sousa ME, Kosalec I, Tuccinardi T, Duarte IF, Salvador JAR, Bertinaria M, Pellecchia M, Amato J, Rastelli G, Gomes PAC, Guedes RC, Sabatier JM, Estévez-Braun A, Pagano B, Mangani S, Ragno R, Kokotos G, Brindisi M, González FV, Borges F, Miloso M, Rautio J, Muñoz-Torrero D. Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry: New Targets and Mechanisms, New Drugs, New Hopes-7. Molecules 2020; 25:E2968. [PMID: 32605268 PMCID: PMC7412072 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breakthroughs in Medicinal Chemistry [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Jean Jacques Vanden Eynde
- Formerly head of the Department of Organic Chemistry (FS), University of Mons-UMONS, 7000 Mons, Belgium;
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - CongBao Kang
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 10 Biopolis Road, Chromos, 05-01, Singapore 138670, Singapore;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University and Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide 5042, Australia;
- Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paola Fossa
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Rafik Karaman
- Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem P.O. Box 20002, Palestine;
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Viadell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Trabocchi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy;
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK;
| | - Simona Rapposelli
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Ageing Biology and Pathology, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (J.A.); (B.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM) UMR 5247 CNRS, ENSCM, Université de Montpellier, CEDEX 05, 34296 Montpellier, France;
| | - Chiara Brullo
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 3, I-16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Blvd, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA;
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Cancer Institute, CH72, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA;
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, MaRS Centre, South Tower, 101 College St., Suite 700, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, 1-58 Rinku-ohraikita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan;
| | - Laura Cerchia
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Giangiacomo Torri
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche “G. Ronzoni”, via Giuseppe Colombo 81, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology Section, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Athina Geronikaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | | | - M. Helena Vasconcelos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Cancer Drug Resistance Group-IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho, 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biological Sciences, FFUP-Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências, Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Tiziano Tuccinardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Iola F. Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO—Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Massimo Bertinaria
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Pellecchia
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Jussara Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (J.A.); (B.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Paula A. C. Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rita C. Guedes
- iMed.Ulisboa and Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Jean-Marc Sabatier
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology, UMR 7051, Faculté de Médecine Secteur Nord, 51, Boulevard Pierre Dramard-CS80011, CEDEX 15, 13344-Marseille, France;
| | - Ana Estévez-Braun
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica (CIBICAN), Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 Tenerife, Spain;
| | - Bruno Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (J.A.); (B.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE 2018-2022, University of Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Rino Ragno
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Rome Center for Molecular Design, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - George Kokotos
- Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Naples, Italy; (S.G.); (J.A.); (B.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Florenci V. González
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Universitat Jaume I, 12080 Castelló, Spain;
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, R. Campo Alegre 1021/1055, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Mariarosaria Miloso
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Experimental Neurology Unit, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy;
| | - Jarkko Rautio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Diego Muñoz-Torrero
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Kerru N, Gummidi L, Maddila S, Gangu KK, Jonnalagadda SB. A Review on Recent Advances in Nitrogen-Containing Molecules and Their Biological Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25081909. [PMID: 32326131 PMCID: PMC7221918 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 536] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The analogs of nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a valuable source of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry. More than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. In the forthcoming decade, a much greater share of new nitrogen-based pharmaceuticals is anticipated. Many new nitrogen-based heterocycles have been designed. The number of novel N-heterocyclic moieties with significant physiological properties and promising applications in medicinal chemistry is ever-growing. In this review, we consolidate the recent advances on novel nitrogen-containing heterocycles and their distinct biological activities, reported over the past one year (2019 to early 2020). This review highlights the trends in the use of nitrogen-based moieties in drug design and the development of different potent and competent candidates against various diseases.
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