1
|
Chen Y, Deng S, Xu J, Yan Y, Lan S, Guo M. Research status and hotspots on the mechanisms of liver X receptor in cancer progression: A bibliometric analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37126. [PMID: 38552096 PMCID: PMC10977575 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism of liver X receptor in cancer has been gradually revealed in recent years. This study is committed to analyzing the current research status of the mechanism of liver × receptor in cancer progression by using bibliometric methods and to explore the development trend of liver × receptor related research in the future, in order to provide some reference for further exploration in this field. METHODS The Web of Science core collection database was used to carry out the original data retrieval. Excel software was used for data statistics. Vosviewer and CiteSpace software were used to analyze the publication situation, cooperation network, reference co-citation, keyword and term co-occurrence, term bursts, and cluster analysis, and draw visual maps. RESULTS A total of 631 publications meeting the research criteria were included by December 2022, with an average of 32.5 citations per paper. The main research fields were molecular biology, oncology and cell biology, and the papers were mainly published in journals about molecular, biology and immunology. Cell is the journal with the highest citation. The United States is the most influential country, the University of California, Los Angeles is the main research institution, and Gustafsson, Jan-ake is the author with the highest output. In reference co-citation clustering, cluster#2 "cancer development" is the main cluster, and the period from 2014 to 2018 is an important stage of relevant theoretical progress. "Tumor microenvironment" with high burst and novelty became the most noteworthy term in term burst. CONCLUSION Using bibliometric methods to reveal the current status of LXR and cancer mechanisms, and making predictions of possible future hotspots based on the analysis of the current situation, the translation of LXR anti-cancer research to clinical applications, the impact on the tumor microenvironment as a whole and more immune pathways, and the formation of a systematic cognition of the effects of more cancer cell lines and oncogenic signaling crosstalk, which is a possible direction for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Chen
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siqi Deng
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiexia Xu
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Lan
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingzhang Guo
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gustafsson JÅ, Li XC, Suh JH, Lou X. A structural perspective of liver X receptors. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:231-247. [PMID: 37717986 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Liver X receptors α and β are members of the nuclear receptor family, which comprise a flexible N-terminal domain, a DNA binding domain, a hinge linker, and a ligand binding domain. Liver X receptors are important regulators of cholesterol and lipid homeostasis by controlling the transcription of numerous genes. Key to their transcriptional role is synergetic interaction among the domains. DNA binding domain binds on DNA; ligand binding domain is a crucial switch to control the transcription activity through conformational change caused by ligand binding. The Liver X receptors form heterodimers with retinoid X receptor and then the liganded heterodimer may recruit other necessary transcription components to form an active transcription complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Xian Chang Li
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ji Ho Suh
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaohua Lou
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center and Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen H, Hua P, Huang D, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Xu J, Gu Q. Discovery of Spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3'-oxindole] LXRβ Agonists for the Treatment of Osteoporosis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:752-765. [PMID: 36539349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts have an additional demand for cholesterol compared to normal cells. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are famous for regulation of lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Therefore, we propose that the LXR β agonist can regulate the cholesterol balance in osteoclasts to inhibit osteoclast differentiation. Here, we designed and synthesized a novel LXRβ agonist by introduction of the privileged fragments from anti-osteoporosis agents to the spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3'-oxindole] scaffold which is a novel scaffold of LXR agonists in our previous research. As a result, seven LXRβ agonists inhibited osteoclastogenesis with IC50 values ranging from 0.078 to 0.36 μM. Especially, the most potent LXRβ agonist B9 significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, B9 selectively activated LXRβ to promote intracellular cholesterol exclusion in osteoclasts and reduce extracellular cholesterol uptake and thereby inhibited osteoclast production. This study provides a new strategy to develop LXRβ agonists for osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Pei Hua
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dane Huang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huihao Zhou
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiong Gu
- Research Center for Drug Discovery at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thakur A, Faujdar C, Sharma R, Sharma S, Malik B, Nepali K, Liou JP. Glioblastoma: Current Status, Emerging Targets, and Recent Advances. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8596-8685. [PMID: 35786935 PMCID: PMC9297300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly malignant
brain tumor characterized
by a heterogeneous population of genetically unstable and highly infiltrative
cells that are resistant to chemotherapy. Although substantial efforts
have been invested in the field of anti-GBM drug discovery in the
past decade, success has primarily been confined to the preclinical
level, and clinical studies have often been hampered due to efficacy-,
selectivity-, or physicochemical property-related issues. Thus, expansion
of the list of molecular targets coupled with a pragmatic design of
new small-molecule inhibitors with central nervous system (CNS)-penetrating
ability is required to steer the wheels of anti-GBM drug discovery
endeavors. This Perspective presents various aspects of drug discovery
(challenges in GBM drug discovery and delivery, therapeutic targets,
and agents under clinical investigation). The comprehensively covered
sections include the recent medicinal chemistry campaigns embarked
upon to validate the potential of numerous enzymes/proteins/receptors
as therapeutic targets in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amandeep Thakur
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chetna Faujdar
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida 201307, India
| | - Ram Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sachin Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Basant Malik
- Department of Sterile Product Development, Research and Development-Unit 2, Jubiliant Generics Ltd., Noida 201301, India
| | - Kunal Nepali
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jing Ping Liou
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Batista VF, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Recent in vivo advances of spirocyclic scaffolds for drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2022; 17:603-618. [PMID: 35333138 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2022.2055544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spirocyclic scaffolds are an exceptional tool in drug design, allowing fine-tuning of a molecule's conformational and physicochemical properties. As it expands and diversifies, so does the number of therapeutics that contain this core. Several spirocyclic drugs are already marketed, and considerably more have shown promising results. AREAS COVERED This review addresses recent in vivo studies (2017-2021) on applying spirocyclic compounds to treat various diseases, mainly grouped within neurological, infectious, and metabolic diseases and cancer. An emphasis is given on the influence of the spiro-structure on activity and consequent structure-activity study. In vivo results and their significance in the future progression towards clinical trials are also presented. EXPERT OPINION Spirocyclic compounds present an exciting opportunity as an unexplored chemical space in medicinal chemistry. However, their development is hindered by their complexity and synthesis challenges. Furthermore, a clear preference is still seen for readily available spirocyclic compounds involving amine or amide bonds. Nevertheless, these are temporary as high-throughput synthesis, and computational techniques allow fast optimization studies. In our opinion, the field of spirocyclic chemistry will continue to thrive and contribute to drug development, improving activity and selectivity on emergent ailments, such as cancer, metabolic, infectious, and neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasco F Batista
- Laqv-requimte & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- Laqv-requimte & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Laqv-requimte & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gorostiola González M, Janssen APA, IJzerman AP, Heitman LH, van Westen GJP. Oncological drug discovery: AI meets structure-based computational research. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1661-1670. [PMID: 35301149 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The integration of machine learning and structure-based methods has proven valuable in the past as a way to prioritize targets and compounds in early drug discovery. In oncological research, these methods can be highly beneficial in addressing the diversity of neoplastic diseases portrayed by the different hallmarks of cancer. Here, we review six use case scenarios for integrated computational methods, namely driver prediction, computational mutagenesis, (off)-target prediction, binding site prediction, virtual screening, and allosteric modulation analysis. We address the heterogeneity of integration approaches and individual methods, while acknowledging their current limitations and highlighting their potential to bring drugs for personalized oncological therapies to the market faster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gorostiola González
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonius P A Janssen
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard J P van Westen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Structural overview and perspectives of the nuclear receptors, a major family as the direct targets for small-molecule drugs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 54:12-24. [PMID: 35130630 PMCID: PMC9909358 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2021001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptors (NRs) are an evolutionarily related family of transcription factors, which share certain common structural characteristics and regulate the expressions of various genes by recognizing different response elements. NRs play important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis, rendering them indispensable in many physiological activities including growth and metabolism. As a result, dysfunctions of NRs are closely related to a variety of diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, infertility, inflammation, the Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, prostate and breast cancers. Meanwhile, small-molecule drugs directly targeting NRs have been widely used in the treatment of above diseases. Here we summarize recent progress in the structural biology studies of NR family proteins. Compared with the dozens of structures of isolated DNA-binding domains (DBDs) and the striking more than a thousand of structures of isolated ligand-binding domains (LBDs) accumulated in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) over thirty years, by now there are only a small number of multi-domain NR complex structures, which reveal the integration of different NR domains capable of the allosteric signal transduction, or the detailed interactions between NR and various coregulator proteins. On the other hand, the structural information about several orphan NRs is still totally unavailable, hindering the further understanding of their functions. The fast development of new technologies in structural biology will certainly help us gain more comprehensive information of NR structures, inspiring the discovery of novel NR-targeting drugs with a new binding site beyond the classic LBD pockets and/or a new mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen SX, Xiang JY, Han JX, Yang-Feng, Li HZ, Chen H, Xu M. Essential Oils from Spices Inhibit Cholinesterase Activity and Improve Behavioral Disorder in AlCl 3 Induced Dementia. Chem Biodivers 2021; 19:e202100443. [PMID: 34855291 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
The chemical compositions of essential oils (EOs) prepared from six spices including cinnamon, amomum tsao-ko, cardamom, amomum, black pepper and white pepper were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which led to identify almost 200 volatile compounds. All EOs of spices showed cholinesterase inhibitory activity. Among them, pepper EO showed most potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 8.54 μg/mL (black pepper EO) and 5.02 μg/mL (white pepper EO). Molecular docking and in vitro validation suggested that 3-carene, α-pinene and β-pinene with IC50 value of 1.73, 2.66, and 14.75 μg/mL, respectively, might be active constituents of spices oil in inhibiting AChE. Furthermore, amomum tsao-ko EO and amomum EO can improve behavioral disorder in dementia zebrafish induced by aluminum trichloride (AlCl3 ).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xia Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yao Xiang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Han
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Feng
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Zhou Li
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China.,Research Center for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Chenggong Campus, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Behl T, Sehgal A, Grover M, Singh S, Sharma N, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Aleya L, Bungau S. Uncurtaining the pivotal role of ABC transporters in diabetes mellitus. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:41533-41551. [PMID: 34085197 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic disorders are the edge points for the initiation of various diseases. These disorders comprised of several diseases including diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular complications. Worldwide, the prevalence of these disorders is increasing day by day. The world's population is at higher threat of developing metabolic disease, especially diabetes. Therefore, there is an impregnable necessity of searching for a newer therapeutic target to reduce the burden of these disorders. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is marked with the dysregulated insulin secretion and resistance. The lipid and glucose transporters portray a pivotal role in the metabolism and transport of both of these. The excess production of lipid and glucose and decreased clearance of these leads to the emergence of DM. The ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCT) are important for the metabolism of glucose and lipid. Various studies suggest the key involvement of ABCT in the pathologic process of different diseases. In addition, the involvement of other pathways, including IGF signaling, P13-Akt/PKC/MAPK signaling, and GLP-1 via regulation of ABCT, may help develop new treatment strategies to cope with insulin resistance dysregulated glucose metabolism, key features in DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Madhuri Grover
- BS Anangpuria Institute of Pharmacy, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Centre, University of Nizwa, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kondo M, Matsuyama N, Aye TZ, Mattan I, Sato T, Makita Y, Ishibashi M, Arai MA, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Practical Stereoselective Synthesis of C3‐Spirooxindole‐ and C2‐Spiropseudoindoxyl‐Pyrrolidines
via
Organocatalyzed Pictet‐Spengler Reaction/Oxidative Rearrangement Sequence. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Kondo
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Naoki Matsuyama
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tin Z. Aye
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Irshad Mattan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Yoshinori Makita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
- Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223–8522 Japan
| | - Masami Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chiba University 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku Chiba 260-8675 Japan
| | - Midori A. Arai
- Faculty of Science and Technology Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku Yokohama Kanagawa 223–8522 Japan
| | - Shinobu Takizawa
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, ISIR Osaka University
| | - Hiroaki Sasai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR) Osaka University Mihogaoka, Ibaraki-shi Osaka 567-0047 Japan
- Artificial Intelligence Research Center, ISIR Osaka University
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Goel D, Vohora D. Liver X receptors and skeleton: Current state-of-knowledge. Bone 2021; 144:115807. [PMID: 33333244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The liver X receptors (LXR) is a nuclear receptor that acts as a prominent regulator of lipid homeostasis and inflammatory response. Its therapeutic effectiveness against various diseases like Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis has been investigated in detail. Emerging pieces of evidence now reveal that LXR is also a crucial modulator of bone remodeling. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pharmacological actions of LXR on the skeleton and its role in osteoporosis are poorly understood. Therefore, in the current review, we highlight LXR and its actions through different molecular pathways modulating skeletal homeostasis. The studies described in this review propound that LXR in association with estrogen, PTH, PPARγ, RXR hedgehog, and canonical Wnt signaling regulates osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. It regulates RANKL-induced expression of c-Fos, NFATc1, and NF-κB involved in osteoclast differentiation. Additionally, several studies suggest suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by synthetic LXR ligands. Given the significance of modulation of LXR in various physiological and pathological settings, our findings indicate that therapeutic targeting of LXR might potentially prevent or treat osteoporosis and improve bone quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Divya Vohora
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Identifying selective agonists targeting LXRβ from terpene compounds of alismatis rhizoma. J Mol Model 2021; 27:91. [PMID: 33616795 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is thought of as an important contributor to coronary disease, diabetes, and fatty liver. Liver X receptor β (LXRβ) was considered as a validated target for hyperlipidemia therapy due to its role in regulating cholesterol homeostasis and immunity. However, many current drugs applied in clinics are not selectively targeting LXRβ, and they can also activate LXRα which activates SREBP-1c that worked as an activator of lipogenic genes. Therefore, exploiting agonists selectively targeting LXRβ is urgent. Here, computational tools were used to screen potential agonists selectively targeting LXRβ from 112 terpenes of alismatis rhizoma. Firstly, a structural analysis between selective and nonselective agonists was used to explore key residues of selective binding with LXRβ. Our data indicated that Phe271, Ser278, Met312, His435, and Trp457 were important to compounds binding with LXRβ, suggesting that engaging ligand interaction with these residues may provide directions for the development of ligands with improved selective profiles. Then, ADMET analysis, molecular docking, MD simulations, and calculation of binding free energy and its decomposition were executed to screen the agonists whose bioactivity was favorable from 112 terpenes of alismatis rhizoma. We found that two triterpenes 16-hydroxy-alisol B 23-acetate and alisol M 23-acetate showed favorable ADMET properties and high binding affinity against LXRβ. These compounds could be considered as promising selective agonists targeting LXRβ. Our work provides an alternative strategy for screening agonists selectively targeting LXRβ from alismatis rhizoma for hyperlipidemia disease treatment.
Collapse
|
13
|
Discovery of novel liver X receptor inverse agonists as lipogenesis inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 206:112793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|