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Mushtaq A, Zahoor AF, Ahmad S, Saif MJ, ul Haq A, Khan SG, Al-Mutairi AA, Irfan A, Al-Hussain SA, Zaki MEA. A Comprehensive Review on Benzofuran Synthesis Featuring Innovative and Catalytic Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20728-20752. [PMID: 38764672 PMCID: PMC11097366 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Benzofurans have intrigued both pharmaceutical researchers and chemists owing to the medicinal usage of their derivatives against copious disease-causing agents (i.e., bacteria, viruses, and tumors). These heterocyclic scaffolds are pervasively encountered in a number of natural products and drugs. The ever-increasing utilization of benzofuran derivatives as pharmaceutical agents persuaded the chemists to devise novel and facile methodological approaches to assemble the biologically potent benzofuran nucleus. This review summarizes the current developments regarding the innovative synthetic routes and catalytic strategies to procure the synthesis of benzofuran heterocycles with their corresponding mechanistic details, reported by several research groups during 2021-2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Mushtaq
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Engineering
and Technology Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jawwad Saif
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Government College
University Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Atta ul Haq
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samreen Gul Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aamal A. Al-Mutairi
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Irfan
- Department
of Chemistry, Government College University
Faisalabad, 38000 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sami A. Al-Hussain
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdi E. A. Zaki
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad
Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
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Sheikh KA, Iqubal A, Alam MM, Akhter M, Khan MA, Ehtaishamul Haque S, Parvez S, Jahangir U, Amir M, Khanna S, Shaquiquzzaman M. A Quinquennial Review of Potent LSD1 Inhibitors Explored for the Treatment of Different Cancers, with Special Focus on SAR Studies. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:152-207. [PMID: 36718063 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230130093442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer bears a significant share of global mortality. The enzyme Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1, also known as KDM1A), since its discovery in 2004, has captured the attention of cancer researchers due to its overexpression in several cancers like acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), solid tumours, etc. The Lysine Specific Demethylase (LSD1) downregulation is reported to have an effect on cancer proliferation, migration, and invasion. Therefore, research to discover safer and more potent LSD1 inhibitors can pave the way for the development of better cancer therapeutics. These efforts have resulted in the synthesis of many types of derivatives containing diverse structural nuclei. The present manuscript describes the role of Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) in carcinogenesis, reviews the LSD1 inhibitors explored in the past five years and discusses their comprehensive structural activity characteristics apart from the thorough description of LSD1. Besides, the potential challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in the development of LSD1 inhibitors are also discussed. The review suggests that tranylcypromine derivatives are the most promising potent LSD1 inhibitors, followed by triazole and pyrimidine derivatives with IC50 values in the nanomolar and sub-micromolar range. A number of potent LSD1 inhibitors derived from natural sources like resveratrol, protoberberine alkaloids, curcumin, etc. are also discussed. The structural-activity relationships discussed in the manuscript can be exploited to design potent and relatively safer LSD1 inhibitors as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheed Ahmad Sheikh
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Umar Jahangir
- Department of Amraaz-e-Jild wa Tazeeniyat, School of Unani Medical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Amir
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Suruchi Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohammad Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
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Yang FF, Xu XL, Hu T, Liu JQ, Zhou JZ, Ma LY, Liu HM. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 Promises to Be a Novel Target in Cancer Drug Resistance: Therapeutic Implications. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4275-4293. [PMID: 37014989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are effective against most tumors, but drug resistance remains a barrier to successful treatment. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), a member of histone demethylation modifications, can regulate invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and immune escape of tumor cells, which are associated with tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Recent studies suggest that LSD1 ablation regulates resensitivity of tumor cells to anticarcinogens containing immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) via multiple upstream and downstream pathways. In this review, we describe the recent findings about LSD1 biology and its role in the development and progression of cancer drug resistance. Further, we summarize LSD1 inhibitors that have a reversal or resensitive effect on drug resistance and discuss the possibility of targeting LSD1 in combination with other agents to surmount resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Xue-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Jin-Zhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
| | - Li-Ying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Cerebrovascular Drug, China Meheco Topfond Pharmaceutical Company, Zhumadian 463000, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Key Laboratory of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology, Ministry of Education of China, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China
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Abbas AA, Dawood KM. Anticancer therapeutic potential of benzofuran scaffolds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:11096-11120. [PMID: 37056966 PMCID: PMC10086673 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01383a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzofuran moiety is the main component of many biologically active natural and synthetic heterocycles. These heterocycles have unique therapeutic potentials and are involved in various clinical drugs. The reported results confirmed the extraordinary inhibitory potency of such benzofurans against a panel of human cancer cell lines compared with a wide array of reference anticancer drugs. Several publications about the anticancer potencies of benzofuran-based heterocycles were encountered. The recent developments of anticancer activities of both natural and synthetic benzofuran scaffolds during 2019-2022 are thoroughly covered. Many of the described benzofurans are promising candidates for development as anticancer agents based on their outstanding inhibitory potency against a panel of human cancer cells compared with reference anticancer drugs. These findings encourage medicinal chemists to explore new areas to improve human health and reduce suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +20-2-35727556 +20-2-35676602
| | - Kamal M Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University Giza 12613 Egypt +20-2-35727556 +20-2-35676602
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Yuan XY, Song CH, Liu XJ, Wang X, Jia MQ, Wang W, Liu WB, Fu XJ, Jin CY, Song J, Zhang SY. Discovery of novel N-benzylarylamide-dithiocarbamate based derivatives as dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and LSD1 that inhibit gastric cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115281. [PMID: 36940611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, N-benzylarylamide-dithiocarbamate based derivatives were designed, synthesized, and their biological activities as anticancer agents were explored. Some of the 33 target compounds displayed significant antiproliferative activities with IC50 values at the double-digit nanomolar level. The representative compound I-25 (also named MY-943) not only showed the most effective inhibitory effects on three selected cancer cells MGC-803 (IC50 = 0.017 μM), HCT-116 (IC50 = 0.044 μM) and KYSE450 (IC50 = 0.030 μM), but also exhibited low nanomolar IC50 values from 0.019 to 0.253 μM against the other 11 cancer cells. Compound I-25 (MY-943) effectively inhibited tubulin polymerization and suppressed LSD1 at the enzymatic levels. Compound I-25 (MY-943) could act on the colchicine binding site of β-tubulin, thus disrupting the construction of cell microtubule network and affecting the mitosis. In addition, compound I-25 (MY-943) could dose-dependently induce the accumulation of H3K4me1/2 (MGC-803 and SGC-7091 cells) and H3K9me2 (SGC-7091 cells). Compound I-25 (MY-943) could induce G2/M phase arrest and cell apoptosis, and suppress migration in MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells. In addition, compound I-25 (MY-943) significantly modulated the expression of apoptosis- and cycle-related proteins. Furthermore, the binding modes of compound I-25 (MY-943) with tubulin and LSD1 were explored by molecular docking. The results of in vivo anti-gastric cancer assays using in situ tumor models showed that compound I-25 (MY-943) effectively reduced the weight and volume of gastric cancer in vivo without obvious toxicity. All these findings suggested that the N-benzylarylamide-dithiocarbamate based derivative I-25 (MY-943) was an effective dual inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and LSD1 that inhibited gastric cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ying Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Chun-Hong Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mei-Qi Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wang Wang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471934, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiang-Jing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Cheng-Yun Jin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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6
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Lone MS, Nabi SA, Wani FR, Garg M, Amin S, Samim M, Shafi S, Khan F, Javed K. Design, synthesis and evaluation of 5-chloro-6-methylaurone derivatives as potential anti-cancer agents. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:13466-13487. [PMID: 36856061 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2183716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 5-chloro-6-methylaurone derivatives (6a-p) were synthesized and characterized by various spectroscopic techniques. The synthesized compounds were tested for anticancer activity against 60-human cancer cell line panel derived from nine cancer types at NCI, Bethesda, USA. Among the synthesized compounds, six compounds (6e, 6f, 6h, 6i, 6k and 6 m) exhibited growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines in one-dose data. The most potent compound among the series, 6i was active against 55 out of 60 human cancer cell lines. Compound 6i showed remarkable % growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines exhibiting % GI in the range 36.05-199.03. The compound 6i was further evaluated for five dose assay and exhibited GI50 1.90 µM and 2.70 µM against melanoma and breast cancer cell lines respectively. Further evaluation of 6i for five-dose assay exhibited a diverse spectrum of anti-cancer activity towards all the 60 human cancer cell line panel with the selectivity index ratio ranging 0.854-1.42 and 0.66-1.35 for GI50 and TGI respectively. Based on one-dose and five-dose data compound 6i was further evaluated for cell apoptosis against MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cell line and was found to induce early apoptosis in cells explaining its mode of action. The in-silico studies for the synthesized compounds as LSD1 inhibitors (2H94) have shown better docking score and binding energy comparable to vafidemstat. All the compounds followed Lipinski rule of five. These findings concluded that the compound 6i could lead to the development of a promising therapeutic anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Saba Lone
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Ayaz Nabi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farhat Ramzan Wani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Manika Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaista Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Farah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Zhang C, Wang Z, Shi Y, Yu B, Song Y. Recent advances of LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors for disease therapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106443. [PMID: 36857932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) dysregulation is closely associated with the pathological processes of various diseases, especially hematologic malignancies. Significant progresses have been made in the field of LSD1-targeted drug discovery. Nine LSD1 inhibitors including tranylcypromine, ORY-1001, ORY-2001, GSK-2879552, IMG-7289, INCB059872, TAK-418, CC-90011 and SP-2577 have entered clinical stage for disease treatment as either mono- or combinational therapy. This review updates LSD1 inhibitors reported during 2022. Design strategies, structure-activity relationship studies, binding model analysis and modes of action are highlighted. In particular, the unique multiple-copies binding mode of quinazoline derivatives paves new ways for the development of reversible LSD1 inhibitors by blocking the substrate entrance. The design strategy of clinical candidate TAK-418 also provides directions for further optimization of novel irreversible LSD1 inhibitors with low hematological side effects. The influence of the stereochemistry on the potency against LSD1 and its homolog LSD2 is briefly discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of LSD1-targeted drug discovery are also given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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8
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Shan L, Li Z, Chen H, Ge M, Sun Y, Sun Y, Li Y, Li H, Fu L, Liu H. 6-Heterocyclic carboxylic ester derivatives of gliotoxin lead to LSD1 inhibitors in gastric cancer cells. Bioorg Chem 2023; 131:106150. [PMID: 36508940 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Gliotoxin is a representative compound of the epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) class of fungal metabolites. Histone Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) is highly expressed in a variety of cancers. Herein, a series of 6-heterocyclic carboxylic ester derivatives of gliotoxin was designed and synthesized as new LSD1 inhibitors and their biological evaluations in human gastric MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells were carried out. All of the derivatives effectively suppressed the enzymatic activities of LSD1. In particular, compound 4e exhibited excellent LSD1 inhibition with IC50 = 62.40 nM, as well as anti-proliferation against MGC-803 and HGC-27 cells with IC50 values of 0.31 μM and 0.29 μM, respectively. 4e also had a remarkable capacity to inhibit the colony formation, suppress migration and induce the apoptosis of these two cancer cell lines. In sum, our findings identified and characterized the 6-heterocyclic carboxylic ester derivatives of gliotoxin as potent and cellular active LSD1 inhibitors, which may provide a novel chemotype of LSD1 inhibitors for gastric cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Huabin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Meng Ge
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yaru Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ling Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Tang K, Wang S, Gao W, Song Y, Yu B. Harnessing the cyclization strategy for new drug discovery. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4309-4326. [PMID: 36562004 PMCID: PMC9764076 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The design of new ligands with high affinity and specificity against the targets of interest has been a central focus in drug discovery. As one of the most commonly used methods in drug discovery, the cyclization represents a feasible strategy to identify new lead compounds by increasing structural novelty, scaffold diversity and complexity. Such strategy could also be potentially used for the follow-on drug discovery without patent infringement. In recent years, the cyclization strategy has witnessed great success in the discovery of new lead compounds against different targets for treating various diseases. Herein, we first briefly summarize the use of the cyclization strategy in the discovery of new small-molecule lead compounds, including the proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTAC) molecules. Particularly, we focus on four main strategies including fused ring cyclization, chain cyclization, spirocyclization and macrocyclization and highlight the use of the cyclization strategy in lead generation. Finally, the challenges including the synthetic intractability, relatively poor pharmacokinetics (PK) profiles and the absence of the structural information for rational structure-based cyclization are also briefly discussed. We hope this review, not exhaustive, could provide a timely overview on the cyclization strategy for the discovery of new lead compounds.
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Li B, Zhang X, Li J. Carrier-free supramolecular nanoassemblies of pure LSD1 inhibitor for effective anti-tumor therapy. Front Chem 2022; 10:1012882. [PMID: 36247676 PMCID: PMC9561089 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The LSD1 protein is an oxidase that regulates protein methylation, which regulates gene expression and triggers tumors. Previously, inhibiting LSD1 has been found to be an effective treatment strategy for opposing tumors caused by overexpression of LSD1. Our recent study found that compound 17i was a suitable LSD1 inhibitor with potential anti-tumor activity. However, its extremely insoluble nature limits further validation of its anti-tumor activity at the clinical level. In this study, a unique carrier-free supramolecular nanoassemblies of pure compound 17i is expected to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Aqueous-insoluble compound 17i was mixed with a small quantity of DSPE-PEG2000 into an organic solvent and was prepared as nanoassemblies in water via the one-step nanoprecipitation method. The 17i nanoassemblies have a similar effect on its cytotoxicity when compared with 17i solution in vitro. Importantly, the PEGylated 17i nanoassemblies exhibit significant superiorities over 17i solutions in therapeutic efficiency, anti-tumor immune response and systemic toxicity in BALB/c mice bearing CT-26 colorectal tumors. We envision that the fabrication of pure drug nanoassemblies offers an efficient platform for reforming the undesirable characteristics of drug-like compounds to potentiate the anti-tumor therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boao Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyu Zhang, ; Jibin Li,
| | - Jibin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangyu Zhang, ; Jibin Li,
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11
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Zhang X, Sun Y, Huang H, Wang X, Wu T, Yin W, Li X, Wang L, Gu Y, Zhao D, Cheng M. Identification of novel indole derivatives as highly potent and efficacious LSD1 inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114523. [PMID: 35732082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a FAD-dependent histone demethylase to catalyze the demethylation of H3K4 and H3K9 and thus is an attractive target for therapeutic cancer. Starting with a high micromolar compound 17i, structure-based optimization of novel indole derivatives is described by a bioelectronic isosteric strategy. Grounded by molecular modeling, medicinal chemistry has efficiently yielded low nanomolar LSD1 inhibitors. One of the compounds, B35, exhibited excellent LSD1 inhibition (IC50 = 0.050 ± 0.005 μM) and anti-proliferation against A549 cells (IC50 = 0.74 ± 0.14 μM). The further PK studies indicated compound B35 possessed favorable metabolic stability, in which the plasma t1/2 of p.o. and i.v. were 6.27 ± 0.72 h and 8.78 ± 1.31 h, respectively. Additionally, inhibitor B35 shows a strong antitumor effect and good safety in vivo. Meanwhile, compound B35 regulated genes are closely associated with transcriptional dislocation in cancer and PI3K/AKT pathway involving IGFBP3. Taken together, B35 could be a potent LSD1 inhibitor for further drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Hailan Huang
- Department of Physiology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xiaojia Li
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Department of Physiology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China.
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, PR China
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12
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Liu L, Sun Y, Gao Z, Yin W, Jiang H, Wu T, Sun Y, Qin Q, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 3,4-isoxazolediamide derivatives for the combination treatment of azole-resistant candidiasis. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200266. [PMID: 36029272 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are emerging as serious infectious diseases worldwide. Due to the frequent emergence of resistance, the cure for invasive fungal infections is often unachievable. The molecular chaperone Hsp90 provides a promising target because it supports survival, virulence, and drug resistance in a variety of pathogens. Herein, we report on the structural optimization and structure-activity relationship studies of 3,4-isoxazolediamide analogs. As a new class of fungal Hsp90 inhibitor, compound B25 was found to have good synergistic effects with fluconazole and to avoid potential mammalian toxicity. It also showed remarkable metabolic stability in vitro. Collectively, B25 could be a promising lead compound for drug discovery targeting fungal Hsp90 and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zixuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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13
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Alsehli M, Aljuhani A, Ihmaid SK, El-Messery SM, Othman DIA, El-Sayed AAAA, Ahmed HEA, Rezki N, Aouad MR. Design and Synthesis of Benzene Homologues Tethered with 1,2,4-Triazole and 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Motifs Revealing Dual MCF-7/HepG2 Cytotoxic Activity with Prominent Selectivity via Histone Demethylase LSD1 Inhibitory Effect. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158796. [PMID: 35955929 PMCID: PMC9369007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an efficient multistep synthesis of novel aromatic tricyclic hybrids incorporating different biological active moieties, such as 1,3,4-thiadiazole and 1,2,4-triazole, was reported. These target scaffolds are characterized by having terminal lipophilic or hydrophilic parts, and their structures are confirmed by different spectroscopic methods. Further, the cytotoxic activities of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated using in vitro MTT cytotoxicity screening assay against three different cell lines, including HepG-2, MCF-7, and HCT-116, compared with the reference drug Taxol. The results showed variable performance against cancer cell lines, exhibiting MCF-7 and HepG-2 selectivities by active analogs. Among these derivatives, 1,2,4-triazoles 11 and 13 and 1,3,4-thiadiazole 18 were found to be the most potent compounds against MCF-7 and HepG-2 cancer cells. Moreover, structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies led to the identification of some potent LSD1 inhibitors. The tested compounds showed good LSD1 inhibitory activities, with an IC50 range of 0.04–1.5 μM. Compounds 27, 23, and 22 were found to be the most active analogs with IC50 values of 0.046, 0.065, and 0.074 μM, respectively. In addition, they exhibited prominent selectivity against a MAO target with apparent cancer cell apoptosis, resulting in DNA fragmentation. This research provides some new aromatic-centered 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione and 1,3,4-thiadiazole analogs as highly effective anticancer agents with good LSD1 target selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosa Alsehli
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh K. Ihmaid
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | - Shahenda M. El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Dina I. A. Othman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Aziz A. A. El-Sayed
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Hany E. A. Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42353, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 35511, Egypt
- Correspondence: (H.E.A.A.); (N.R.)
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (H.E.A.A.); (N.R.)
| | - Mohamed R. Aouad
- Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 41477, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Lv YX, Tian S, Zhang ZD, Feng T, Li HQ. LSD1 inhibitors for anticancer therapy: a patent review (2017-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:1027-1042. [PMID: 35914778 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2109332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), which belongs to the demethylase of non-histone proteins, is believed to promote cancer cell proliferation and metastasis by modifying histones. LSD1 dysfunction may play a key role in a variety of cancers, such as acute myeloid leukemia and non-small cell lung cancer, indicating that LSD1 is a promising epigenetic target for cancer therapy. Many different types of small molecule LSD1 inhibitors have been developed and shown to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, providing a new treatment strategy for solid tumors. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the progress of LSD1 inhibitor research in the last four years, including selected new patents and article publications, as well as the therapeutic potential of these compounds. EXPERT OPINION Natural products offer a promising prospect for developing novel potent LSD1 inhibitors, as structural design and activity of irreversible and reversible inhibitors have been continuously optimized since the discovery of the LSD1 target in 2004. The use of "microtubule-binding agents" and "dual-agent combination" has recently become a new anticancer technique, reducing the resistance and adverse reactions of traditional drugs. Several microtubule-binding drugs have been used successfully in clinical practice, providing structural scaffolds and new ideas for the development of safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Lv
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Sheng Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Zhou-Dong Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Tao Feng
- Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital of Suzhou University, 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215025, P.R. China
| | - Huan-Qiu Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
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15
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Dwarakanath D, Gaonkar SL. Advances in Synthetic Strategies and Medicinal Importance of Benzofurans: A Review. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dwarakanath
- Department of Chemistry Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education 576104 Manipal Karnataka India
| | - Santosh L. Gaonkar
- Department of Chemistry Manipal Institute of Technology Manipal Academy of Higher Education 576104 Manipal Karnataka India
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16
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Ultrasonic energy for construction of bioactive heterocycles. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Synthesis, biological evaluation and docking studies of Methylene bearing cyanopyrimidine derivatives possessing a hydrazone moiety as potent Lysine specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) inhibitors: A promising anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2022; 126:105885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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18
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Yin W, Wu T, Liu L, Jiang H, Zhang Y, Cui H, Sun Y, Qin Q, Sun Y, Gao Z, Zhao L, Su X, Zhao D, Cheng M. Species-Selective Targeting of Fungal Hsp90: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Novel 4,5-Diarylisoxazole Derivatives for the Combination Treatment of Azole-Resistant Candidiasis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5539-5564. [PMID: 35298171 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections are emerging as serious infectious diseases worldwide. Because of the development of antifungal drug resistance, the limited efficacy of the existing drugs has led to high mortality in patients. The use of the essential eukaryotic chaperone Hsp90, which plays a multifaceted role in drug resistance across diverse pathogenic fungal species, is considered to be a new strategy to mitigate the resistance and counter the threat posed by drug-resistant fungi. Thus, a series of 4,5-diarylisoxazole analogues as fungal Hsp90 inhibitors were designed and synthesized that had potent synergistic effects with fluconazole in vitro and in vivo. In particular, compound A17 could avoid the potential mammalian toxicity of Hsp90 inhibitors based on key reside differences between humans and fungi. These data support the feasibility of targeting fungal Hsp90 as a promising antifungal strategy and further development of compound A17 as a valuable research probe for the investigation of fungal Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Yin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hengxian Cui
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiaohua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zixuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Liyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xin Su
- The School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110016, China
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19
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Malagraba G, Yarmohammadi M, Javed A, Barceló C, Rubio-Tomás T. The Role of LSD1 and LSD2 in Cancers of the Gastrointestinal System: An Update. Biomolecules 2022; 12:462. [PMID: 35327654 PMCID: PMC8946813 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a key role in cancer progression. Specifically, histone methylation involves reversible post-translational modification of histones that govern chromatin structure remodelling, genomic imprinting, gene expression, DNA damage repair, and meiotic crossover recombination, among other chromatin-based activities. Demethylases are enzymes that catalyse the demethylation of their substrate using a flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent amine oxidation process. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) and its homolog, lysine-specific demethylase 2 (LSD2), are overexpressed in a variety of human cancer types and, thus, regulate tumour progression. In this review, we focus on the literature from the last 5 years concerning the role of LSD1 and LSD2 in the main gastrointestinal cancers (i.e., gastric cancer, liver cancer, pancreatic cancer, and colorectal cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Malagraba
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Mahdieh Yarmohammadi
- Central Tehran Branch, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1955847881, Iran;
| | - Aadil Javed
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey;
| | - Carles Barceló
- Translational Pancreatic Cancer Oncogenesis Group, Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Herakleion, Crete, Greece
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20
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He X, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Wang S, Bai R, Xie T, Ye XY. Drug discovery of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) inhibitors (progress from 2018 to present). Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Song Y, Zhang H, Yang X, Shi Y, Yu B. Annual review of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) inhibitors in 2021. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 228:114042. [PMID: 34915312 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.114042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) has emerged as a promising epigenetic target for disease treatment. Several LSD1 inhibitors have advanced into clinical trials. Following our last annual review on LSD1 inhibitors in 2020 (Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2021, 214, 113254), in this review we aim to update LSD1 inhibitors including natural products, synthetic compounds and cyclic peptides reported during 2021. Design strategies, structure-activity relationships, binding model analysis and modes of action are highlighted. In particular, two FDA-approved antihypertensive drugs raloxifene and fenoldopam were repurposed as reversible LSD1 inhibitors. The clinical candidate TAK-418 for treating neurodevelopmental disorders and PET imaging agent [18F]30 for LSD1 were identified. Moreover, dual inhibitors targeting both LSD1 and HDAC6 or tubulin displayed enhanced anti-cancer effects than single agents. These compounds further enrich the structural types of LSD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoke Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yuting Shi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100000, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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22
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Zhou J, Wu S, Lee BG, Chen T, He Z, Lei Y, Tang B, Hirst JD. Machine-Learning-Enabled Virtual Screening for Inhibitors of Lysine-Specific Histone Demethylase 1. Molecules 2021; 26:7492. [PMID: 34946572 PMCID: PMC8707381 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A machine learning approach has been applied to virtual screening for lysine specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) inhibitors. LSD1 is an important anti-cancer target. Machine learning models to predict activity were constructed using Morgan molecular fingerprints. The dataset, consisting of 931 molecules with LSD1 inhibition activity, was obtained from the ChEMBL database. An evaluation of several candidate algorithms on the main dataset revealed that the support vector regressor gave the best model, with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.703. Virtual screening, using this model, identified five predicted potent inhibitors from the ZINC database comprising more than 300,000 molecules. The virtual screening recovered a known inhibitor, RN1, as well as four compounds where activity against LSD1 had not previously been suggested. Thus, we performed a machine-learning-enabled virtual screening of LSD1 inhibitors using only the structural information of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (J.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Shiying Wu
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (J.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Boon Giin Lee
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China;
| | - Tianwei Chen
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (J.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ziqi He
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (J.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yukun Lei
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (J.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bencan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Carbonaceous Waste Processing and Process Intensification Research of Zhejiang Province, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (J.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jonathan D. Hirst
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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23
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Sun Y, Lv R, Wu T, Zhang X, Sun Y, Yan J, Zhang Z, Zhao D, Cheng M. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of coumarin analogs as novel LSD1 inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 355:e2100311. [PMID: 34862974 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of lysine-specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1) is associated with different cancer types, and it is increasingly recognized as a potential therapeutic target in oncology. Here, utilizing core hopping and conformational restriction strategies, we designed and synthesized a series of coumarin analogs that were shown to be potent LSD1 inhibitors in the enzyme assay. Furthermore, several potent compounds were selected to evaluate their antiproliferative activity on A549 cells and MGC-803 cells with high expression of LSD1. Among them, YX10 showed an anticlonogenic effect on A549 cells and MGC-803 cells, with IC50 values of 1.52 ± 0.16 and 0.98 ± 0.18 μM, respectively. Modeling suggested that the inhibitors would bind to the active site of the protein located around the key residues of Asp555 and Lys661. Meanwhile, a preliminary druggability evaluation showed that compound YX10 showed favorable liver microsomal and moderate plasma stability and weak inhibitory activity against cytochrome P450 isoforms at 10 μM. All the results indicated that compound YX10 could represent a promising lead compound for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruicheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianxiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiangkun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ziheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Maosheng Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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