Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)pyridin-2(1H)-one derivatives as potential SSRIs

A FRET-based multifunctional fluorescence probe for the simultaneous detection of sulfite and viscosity in living cells

Viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives were significant indicators for the assessment of health threat and even cancers, therefore, on-site and real time detection of viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives has obtained considerable attentions. An FRET-based fluorescence probe JZX was designed and synthesized based on a novel energy donor of N,N-diethyl-4-(1H-phenanthro[9,10-d]imidazol-2-yl)benzamide fluorophore. JZX exhibited a large Stokes shift (230 nm), high energy transfer efficiency, wide emission channel gap (135 nm) and excellent stability and biocompatibility. JZX detected sulfur dioxide with low detection limit (55 nM), fast responding (16 min), high selectivity and sensitivity. Additionally, JZX tend to target endoplasmic reticulum of which normal metabolism will be disturbed by the abnormal levels of viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives. Prominently, JZX could concurrently detect viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives depending on different fluorescence signals in living cells for the screening of cancer cells. Hence, probe JZX will be a promising candidate for the detection of viscosity and sulfur dioxide derivatives, and even for the diagnosis of liver cancers.

Enhancing antifungal properties of chitosan by attaching isatin-piperazine-sulfonyl-acetamide pendant groups via novel imidamide linkage

World health organization listed fungi as priority pathogens in 2022 to counter their adverse effects on human well-being. The use of antimicrobial biopolymers is a sustainable alternative to toxic antifungal agents. In this study, we explore chitosan as an antifungal agent by grafting a novel compound N-(4-((4-((isatinyl)methyl)piperazin-1-yl)sulfonyl)phenyl) acetamide (IS). The acetimidamide linkage of IS to chitosan herein was confirmed by ¹³C NMR and is a new branch in chitosan pendant group chemistry. The modified chitosan films (ISCH) were studied using thermal, tensile, and spectroscopic methods. The ISCH derivatives strongly inhibit fungal pathogens of agricultural and human importance, namely Fusarium solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum, and Candida albicans. ISCH80 showed an IC₅₀ value of 0.85 μg/ml against M. verrucaria and ISCH100 with IC₅₀ of 1.55 μg/ml is comparable to the commercial antifungal IC₅₀ values of Triadiamenol (3.6 μg/ml) and Trifloxystrobin (3 μg/ml). Interestingly, the ISCH series remained non-toxic up to 2000 μg/ml against L929 mouse fibroblast cells. The ISCH series showed long-standing antifungal action, superior to our lowest observed antifungal IC₅₀ values of plain chitosan and IS at 12.09 μg/ml and 3.14 μg/ml, respectively. ISCH films are thus suitable for fungal inhibition in an agricultural setting or food preservation.

Cu(BF4)2/AC-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Substituted Anilines, N-Substituted 1,6-Naphthyridin-5(6H)-one, and Isoquinolin-1(2H)-one

Herein, we report practical Cu(BF₄)₂/activated carbon-catalyzed amination of various anilines, isoquinolinone, and naphthyridinone with aryl boronic acids. The ultrasonic and rotary evaporation treatment of the mixture of aq. Cu(BF₄)₂ and activated carbon in methanol afforded a novel Cu(II)-catalyst, which is air-stable and can be effectively applied in the Chan-Lam coupling reaction. The products of N-arylation were isolated in good to excellent yields at low catalytic loading. And Cu(BF₄)₂/AC also showed good reusability.

Kinetic Characteristics of Curcumin and Germacrone in Rat and Human Liver Microsomes: Involvement of CYP Enzymes

Curcumin and germacrone, natural products present in the Zingiberaceae family of plants, have several biological properties. Among these properties, the anti-NSCLC cancer action is noteworthy. In this paper, kinetics of the two compounds in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), human liver microsomes (HLMs), and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes (CYP3A4, 1A2, 2E1, and 2C19) in an NADPH-generating system in vitro were evaluated by UP-HPLC–MS/MS (ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry). The contents of four cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, adjusting by the compounds were detected using Western blotting in vitro and in vivo. The t1/2 of curcumin was 22.35 min in RLMs and 173.28 min in HLMs, while 18.02 and 16.37 min were gained for germacrone. The Vmax of curcumin in RLMs was about 4-fold in HLMs, meanwhile, the Vmax of germacrone in RLMs was similar to that of HLMs. The single enzyme t1/2 of curcumin was 38.51 min in CYP3A4, 301.4 min in 1A2, 69.31 min in 2E1, 63.01 min in 2C19; besides, as to the same enzymes, t1/2 of germacrone was 36.48 min, 86.64 min, 69.31 min, and 57.76 min. The dynamic curves were obtained by reasonable experimental design and the metabolism of curcumin and germacrone were selected in RLMs/HLMs. The selectivities in the two liver microsomes differed in degradation performance. These results meant that we should pay more attention to drugs in clinical medication–drug and drug–enzyme interactions.

Visible Light-Promoted Radical Relay Cyclization/C-C Bond Formation of N-Allylbromodifluoroacetamides with Quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones

A visible light-promoted radical relay of N-allylbromodifluoroacetamide with quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was developed in which 5-exo-trig cyclization and C-C bond formation were involved. This protocol was performed under mild conditions to facilely offer a variety of hybrid molecules bearing both quinoxalin-2(1H)-one and 3,3-difluoro-γ-lactam motifs. These prepared novel skeletons would expand the accessible chemical space for structurally complex heterocycles with potential biological activities.