MSBA-S - A pentacyclic sulfamate as a new option for radiotherapy of human breast cancer cells

An overview of the latest outlook of sulfamate derivatives as anticancer candidates (2020-2024)

Considering the emergence of new anticancer drugs, in this review we emphasized and highlighted the recent reports and advances related to sulfamate-incorporating compounds with potential anticancer activity during the last 5 years (2020-2024). Additionally, we discussed their structure-activity relationship, clarifying their potent bioactivity as anticancer agents. Sulfamate derivatives hold promise as effective therapeutic candidates against cancer. By targeting biological targets associated with the development of cancer, such as steroid sulfatases (STS), carbonic anhydrases (CAs), microtubules, NEDD8-activating enzyme, small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMO)-activating enzyme (SAE), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1), and so on, this can furnish small molecules as anticancer lead candidates serving the drug discovery field. For example, compound 2, an STS inhibitor, demonstrated superior activity compared to its reference, irosustat, by fivefold. In addition, compound 21, an SAE, is under phase I clinical trials. Continued research into sulfamate derivatives holds potential for the development of novel therapeutic agents targeting various diseases.

Synthesis of Rhodamine-Conjugated Lupane Type Triterpenes of Enhanced Cytotoxicity

Various conjugates with rhodamines were prepared by starting with betulinic acid (BA) and platanic acid (PA). The molecules homopiperazine and piperazine, which were identified in earlier research, served as linkers between the rhodamine and the triterpene. The pentacyclic triterpene's ring A was modified with two acetyloxy groups in order to possibly boost its cytotoxic activity. The SRB assays' cytotoxicity data showed that conjugates 13-22, derived from betulinic acid, had a significantly higher cytotoxicity. Of these hybrids, derivatives 19 (containing rhodamine B) and 22 (containing rhodamine 101) showed the best values with EC50 = 0.016 and 0.019 μM for A2780 ovarian carcinoma cells. Additionally, based on the ratio of EC50 values, these two compounds demonstrated the strongest selectivity between malignant A2780 cells and non-malignant NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. A375 melanoma cells were used in cell cycle investigations, which showed that the cells were halted in the G1/G0 phase. Annexin V/FITC/PI staining demonstrated that the tumor cells were affected by both necrosis and apoptosis.

An asiatic acid derived trisulfamate acts as a nanomolar inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase VA

This investigation delves into the inhibitory capabilities of a specific set of triterpenoic acids on diverse isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase (hCA). Oleanolic acid (1), maslinic acid (2), betulinic acid (3), platanic acid (4), and asiatic acid (5) were chosen as representative triterpenoids for evaluation. The synthesis involved acetylation of parent triterpenoic acids 1-5, followed by sequential reactions with oxalyl chloride and benzylamine, de-acetylation of the amides, and subsequent treatment with sodium hydride and sulfamoyl chloride, leading to the formation of final compounds 21-25. Inhibition assays against hCAs I, II, VA, and IX demonstrated noteworthy outcomes. A derivative of betulinic acid, compound 23, exhibited a Ki value of 88.1 nM for hCA VA, and a derivative of asiatic acid, compound 25, displayed an even lower Ki value of 36.2 nM for the same isoform. Notably, the latter compound displayed enhanced inhibitory activity against hCA VA when compared to the benchmark compound acetazolamide (AAZ), which had a Ki value of 63.0 nM. Thus, this compound surpasses the inhibitory potency and isoform selectivity of the standard compound acetazolamide (AAZ). In conclusion, the research offers insights into the inhibitory potential of selected triterpenoic acids across diverse hCA isoforms, emphasizing the pivotal role of structural attributes in determining isoform-specific inhibitory activity. The identification of compound 25 as a robust and selective hCA VA inhibitor prompts further exploration of its therapeutic applications.

Bioactivities and Structure-Activity Relationships of Maslinic Acid Derivatives: A Review

Maslinic acid has a variety of biological activities, such as anti-tumor, hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-parasitic. In order to enhance the biological activity of maslinic acid, scholars have carried out a lot of structural modifications, and found some more valuable maslinic acid derivatives. In this paper, the structural modification, biological activity, and structure-activity relationship of maslinic acid were reviewed, providing references for the development of maslinic acid.

Mitochondria-Targeting 1,5-Diazacyclooctane-Spacered Triterpene Rhodamine Conjugates Exhibit Cytotoxicity at Sub-Nanomolar Concentration against Breast Cancer Cells

1,5-Diazacyclooctane was prepared by a simple synthetic sequence and coupled to pentacyclic triterpenoic acids oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, platanic acid, and asiatic acid; these amides were activated with oxalyl chloride and reacted with rhodamine B or rhodamine 101 to yield conjugates. The conjugates were screened in SRB assays with various human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HS578T, MCF-7, and T47D) and found to exert cytotoxic activity even at a low concentration. Therefore, for an asiatic acid rhodamine 101 conjugate (28), an IC₅₀ = 0.60 nM was determined and found to induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and HS578T cells. Extra experiments showed the compound to act as a mitocan and to induce inhibition of proliferation or growth arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells at lower doses followed by an induction of apoptosis at higher doses. Furthermore, differential responses to proliferation inhibition and apoptosis induction may explain differential sensitivity of mammary cell lines to compound 28.

The Finally Rewarding Search for A Cytotoxic Isosteviol Derivative

Acid hydrolysis of stevioside resulted in a 63% yield of isosteviol (1), which served as a starting material for the preparation of numerous amides. These compounds were tested for cytotoxic activity, employing a panel of human tumor cell lines, and almost all amides were found to be non-cytotoxic. Only the combination of isosteviol, a (homo)-piperazinyl spacer and rhodamine B or rhodamine 101 unit proved to be particularly suitable. These spacered rhodamine conjugates exhibited cytotoxic activity in the sub-micromolar concentration range. In this regard, the homopiperazinyl-spacered derivatives were found to be better than those compounds with piperazinyl spacers, and rhodamine 101 conjugates were more cytotoxic than rhodamine B hybrids.