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Li N, Zhang H, Wang S, Xu Y, Ying Y, Li J, Li X, Li M, Yang B. Urea transporter UT-A1 as a novel drug target for hyponatremia. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23760. [PMID: 38924449 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400555rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common disorder of electrolyte imbalances. It is necessary to develop new type of diuretics to treat hyponatremia without losing electrolytes. Urea transporters (UT) play an important role in the urine concentrating process and have been proved as a novel diuretic target. In this study, rat and mouse syndromes of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) models were constructed and analyzed to determine if UTs are a promising drug target for treating hyponatremia. Experimental results showed that 100 mg/kg UT inhibitor 25a significantly increased serum osmolality (from 249.83 ± 5.95 to 294.33 ± 3.90 mOsm/kg) and serum sodium (from 114 ± 2.07 to 136.67 ± 3.82 mmol/L) respectively in hyponatremia rats by diuresis. Serum chemical examination showed that 25a neither caused another electrolyte imbalance nor influenced the lipid metabolism. Using UT-A1 and UT-B knockout mouse SIADH model, it was found that serum osmolality and serum sodium were lowered much less in UT-A1 knockout mice than in UT-B knockout mice, which suggest UT-A1 is a better therapeutic target than UT-B to treat hyponatremia. This study provides a proof of concept that UT-A1 is a diuretic target for SIADH-induced hyponatremia and UT-A1 inhibitors might be developed into new diuretics to treat hyponatremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yi Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Chi G, Dietz L, Tang H, Snee M, Scacioc A, Wang D, Mckinley G, Mukhopadhyay SM, Pike AC, Chalk R, Burgess-Brown NA, Timmermans JP, van Putte W, Robinson CV, Dürr KL. Structural characterization of human urea transporters UT-A and UT-B and their inhibition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8229. [PMID: 37774028 PMCID: PMC10541013 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present the structures of human urea transporters UT-A and UT-B to characterize them at molecular level and to detail the mechanism of UT-B inhibition by its selective inhibitor, UTBinh-14. High-resolution structures of both transporters establish the structural basis for the inhibitor's selectivity to UT-B, and the identification of multiple binding sites for the inhibitor will aid with the development of drug lead molecules targeting both transporters. Our study also discovers phospholipids associating with the urea transporters by combining structural observations, native MS, and lipidomics analysis. These insights improve our understanding of urea transporter function at a molecular level and provide a blueprint for a structure-guided design of therapeutics targeting these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamma Chi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Larissa Dietz
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Haiping Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Matthew Snee
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Andreea Scacioc
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Dong Wang
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Gavin Mckinley
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Shubhashish M. M. Mukhopadhyay
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ashley C. W. Pike
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Rod Chalk
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Nicola A. Burgess-Brown
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH) at Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter van Putte
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology (CBH) at Antwerp Centre for Advanced Microscopy (ACAM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- PUXANO, Ottergemsesteenweg Zuid 713, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Katharina L. Dürr
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
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Xu Y, Wang S, Ma W, Li J, Lu Y, Abulizi A, Sun J, Yang B. An HPLC-MS/MS Method for Pharmacokinetic Study of Y-99: A Novel Diuretic Agent Targeting Urea Transporters. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:552-558. [PMID: 36369644 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Y-99, a promising first-in-class diuretic, is a novel urea transporter inhibitor with oral diuretic activity. However, little is known about the pharmacokinetic profiles of Y-99 in experimental animals. In this study, a method of quantitative determination of Y-99 in rat plasma based on high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated in selectivity, linearity, recovery and matrix effect, accuracy and precision, stability, carry-over and dilution integrity. Chromatographic separation was conducted on an ACQUITY BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with gradient elution at a 0.3 mL/min flow rate after protein precipitation. Mass spectrometry was performed by a positive electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode. The method showed standard-compliant linearity (1-1,000 ng/mL, r = 0.9991). The intra-day and inter-day accuracy (relative error < 11.2%) and precision (coefficient of variation <8.4%) were within acceptable criteria. The recovery and matrix effects were 97.3-110.7% and 103.7-107.5%, respectively. The stability, dilution integrity and carry-over of the method were also within the acceptable criteria. Pharmacokinetic profiles of Y-99 in rats were first investigated using this method, which was vital for developing novel diuretics without electrolyte imbalance targeting urea transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yingyuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Abudumijiti Abulizi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
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Ying Y, Li N, Wang S, Zhang H, Zuo Y, Tang Y, Qiao P, Quan Y, Li M, Yang B. Urea Transporter Inhibitor 25a Reduces Ascites in Cirrhotic Rats. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020607. [PMID: 36831143 PMCID: PMC9953117 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascites is a typical symptom of liver cirrhosis that is caused by a variety of liver diseases. Ascites severely affects the life quality of patients and needs long-term treatment. 25a is a specific urea transporter inhibitor with a diuretic effect that does not disturb the electrolyte balance. In this study, we aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of 25a on ascites with a dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced cirrhotic rat model. It was found that 100 mg/kg of 25a significantly increased the daily urine output by 60% to 97% and reduced the daily abdominal circumference change by 220% to 260% in cirrhotic rats with a water intake limitation. The 25a treatment kept the serum electrolyte levels within normal ranges in cirrhotic rats. The H&E and Masson staining of liver tissue showed that 25a did not change the cirrhotic degree. A serum biochemical examination showed that 25a did not improve the liver function in cirrhotic rats. A Western blot analysis showed that 25a did not change the expression of fibrosis-related marker protein α-SMA, but significantly decreased the expressions of type I collagen in the liver of cirrhotic rats, indicating that 25a did not reverse cirrhosis, but could slow the cirrhotic progression. These data indicated that 25a significantly reduced ascites via diuresis without an electrolyte imbalance in cirrhotic rats. Our study provides a proof of concept that urea transporter inhibitors might be developed as novel diuretics to treat cirrhotic ascites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ying
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nannan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yinglin Zuo
- The State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Development, Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Yiwen Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Panshuang Qiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yazhu Quan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Xu Y, Zhang H, Li N, Ma W, Wang S, Sun J, Yang B. Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Studies of a Novel Diuretic Inhibiting Urea Transporters. Molecules 2022; 27:2451. [PMID: 35458649 PMCID: PMC9027532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea transporter (UT) inhibitors are a class of promising novel diuretics that do not cause the imbalance of Na+, K+, Cl-, and other electrolytes. In our previous studies, 25a, a promising diuretic candidate inhibiting UT, was discovered and showed potent diuretic activities in rodents. Here, a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of 25a in rat plasma, urine, feces, bile, and tissue homogenates was developed and validated to support the preclinical pharmacokinetic studies. The tissue distribution, excretion, and plasma protein binding were investigated in rats. After a single oral dose of 25a at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, the drug exposure increased linearly with the dose. The drug accumulation was observed after multiple oral doses compared to a single dose. In the distribution study, 25a exhibited a wide distribution to tissues with high blood perfusion, such as kidney, heart, lung, and spleen, and the lowest distribution in the brain and testis. The accumulative excretion rate of 25a was 0.14%, 3.16%, and 0.018% in urine, feces, and bile, respectively. The plasma protein binding of 25a was approximately 60% in rats and 40% in humans. This is the first study on the preclinical pharmacokinetic profiles of 25a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Hang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Nannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Wen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Shuyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang Street, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (Y.X.); (H.Z.); (N.L.); (S.W.)
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