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Bagratee T, Prawlall R, Ndlovu T, Sibisi S, Ndadane S, Shaik BB, Palkar MB, Gampa R, Karpoormath R. Exploring the Recent Pioneering Developments of Small Molecules in Antimalarial Drug Armamentarium: A Chemistry Prospective Appraisal. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400460. [PMID: 38759144 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a very destructive and lethal parasitic disease that causes significant mortality worldwide, resulting in the loss of millions of lives annually. It is an infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes, which is caused by different species of the parasite protozoan belonging to the genus Plasmodium. The uncontrolled intake of antimalarial drugs often employed in clinical settings has resulted in the emergence of numerous strains of plasmodium that are resistant to these drugs, including multidrug-resistant strains. This resistance significantly diminishes the effectiveness of many primary drugs used in the treatment of malaria. Hence, there is an urgent need for developing unique classes of antimalarial drugs that function with distinct mechanisms of action. In this context, the design and development of hybrid compounds that combine pharmacophoric properties from different lead molecules into a single unit gives a unique perspective towards further development of malaria drugs in the next generation. In recent years, the field of medicinal chemistry has made significant efforts resulting in the discovery and synthesis of numerous small novel compounds that exhibit potent antimalarial properties, while also demonstrating reduced toxicity and desirable efficacy. In light of this, we have reviewed the progress of hybrid antimalarial agents from 2021 up to the present. This manuscript presents a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in the medicinal chemistry pertaining to small molecules, with a specific focus on their potential as antimalarial agents. As possible antimalarial drugs that might target both the dual stage and multi-stage stages of the parasite life cycle, these small hybrid molecules have been studied. This review explores a variety of physiologically active compounds that have been described in the literature in order to lay a strong foundation for the logical design and eventual identification of antimalarial drugs based on lead frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tameika Bagratee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Ritika Prawlall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Thabani Ndlovu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sinqobile Sibisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sisa Ndadane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Baji Baba Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Mahesh B Palkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, SVKM's NMIMS, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, Vile Parle (West), Mumbai, 400056, Maharashtra, India
| | - Raghavachary Gampa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Rajshekhar Karpoormath
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville), Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Chiari C, Batista PR, Viesser RV, Schenberg LA, Ducati LC, Linclau B, Tormena CF. Molecular dynamics and NMR reveal the coexistence of H-bond-assisted and through-space JFH coupling in fluorinated amino alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2580-2595. [PMID: 38441115 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The JFH coupling constants in fluorinated amino alcohols were investigated through experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental JFH couplings were only reproduced theoretically when explicit solvation through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations was conducted in DMSO as the solvent. The combination of MD conformation sampling and DFT NMR spin-spin coupling calculations for these compounds reveals the simultaneous presence of through-space (TS) and hydrogen bond (H-bond) assisted JFH coupling between fluorine and hydrogen of the NH group. Furthermore, MD simulations indicate that the hydrogen in the amino group participates in both an intermolecular bifurcated H-bond with DMSO and in transmitting the observed JFH coupling. The contribution of TS to the JFH coupling is due to the spatial proximity of the fluorine and the NH group, aided by a combination of the non-bonding transmission pathway and the hydrogen bonding pathway. The experimental JFH coupling observed for the molecules studied should be represented as 4TS/1hJFH coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia Chiari
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Patrick R Batista
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renan V Viesser
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA
| | - Leonardo A Schenberg
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Ducati
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Linclau
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Cláudio F Tormena
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, P. O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Madhav H, Reddy GS, Rizvi Z, Jameel E, Patel TS, Rahman A, Yadav V, Fatima S, Heyat F, Pal K, Minju-Op A, Subbarao N, Bhattacharjee S, Dixit BC, Sijwali PS, Hoda N. Reinvestigation of diphenylmethylpiperazine analogues of pyrazine as new class of Plasmodial cysteine protease inhibitors for the treatment of malaria. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1022-1037. [PMID: 38516592 PMCID: PMC10953474 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00490b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication is still a global challenge due to the lack of a broadly effective vaccine and the emergence of drug resistance to most of the currently available drugs as part of the mainline artemisinin-based combination therapy. A variety of experimental approaches are quite successful in identifying and synthesizing new promising pharmacophore hybrids with distinct mechanisms of action. Based on our recent findings, the current study demonstrates the reinvestigation of a series of diphenylmethylpiperazine and pyrazine-derived molecular hybrids. Pyrazine-derived molecular hybrids were screened to investigate the antiplasmodial activity on drug-susceptible Pf3D7 and drug-resistant PfW2 strains. The selected compounds were shown to be potent dual inhibitors of cysteine protease PfFP2 and PfFP3. Time-course parasitic development study demonstrated that compounds were able to arrest the growth of the parasite at the early trophozoite stage. The compounds did not show hemolysis of red blood cells and showed selectivity to the parasite compared with the mammalian Vero and A5489 cell lines. The study underlined HR5 and HR15 as a new class of Plasmodial falcipain inhibitors with an IC50 of 6.2 μM and 5.9 μM for PfFP2 and 6.8 μM and 6.4 μM for PfFP3, respectively. Both compounds have antimalarial efficacy with IC50 values of 3.05 μM and 2.80 μM for the Pf3D7 strain, and 4.35 μM and 3.39 μM for the PfW2 strain, respectively. Further structural optimization may turn them into potential Plasmodial falcipain inhibitors for malaria therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - G Srinivas Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 UP India
| | - Zeba Rizvi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 UP India
| | - Ehtesham Jameel
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University Vallabh Vidyanagar-388120 Gujarat India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Vikas Yadav
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Fatima Heyat
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Kavita Pal
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
| | - Amisha Minju-Op
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
| | - Naidu Subbarao
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi-110067 India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology Hyderabad-500007 TS India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad-201002 UP India
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi-110025 India
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Madhav H, Patel TS, Rizvi Z, Reddy GS, Rahman A, Rahman MA, Ahmedi S, Fatima S, Saxena K, Manzoor N, Bhattacharjee S, Dixit BC, Sijwali PS, Hoda N. Development of diphenylmethylpiperazine hybrids of chloroquinoline and triazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction as new cysteine proteases inhibitors for malaria therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 258:115564. [PMID: 37321109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is a widespread infectious disease, causing nearly 247 million cases in 2021. The absence of a broadly effective vaccine and rapidly decreasing effectiveness of most of the currently used antimalarials are the major challenges to malaria eradication efforts. To design and develop novel antimalarials, we synthesized a series of 4,7-dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine analogues using a multi-component Petasis reaction. The synthesized molecules (11-31) were screened for in-vitro antimalarial activity against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum with an IC50 value of 0.53 μM. The selected compounds were screened to evaluate in-vitro and in-silico enzyme inhibition efficacy against two cysteine proteases, PfFP2 and PfFP3. The compounds 15 and 17 inhibited PfFP2 with an IC50 = 3.5 and 4.8 μM, respectively and PfFP3 with an IC50 = 4.9 and 4.7 μM, respectively. Compounds 15 and 17 were found equipotent against the Pf3D7 strain with an IC50 value of 0.74 μM, whereas both were displayed IC50 values of 1.05 μM and 1.24 μM for the PfW2 strain, respectively. Investigation of effect of compounds on parasite development demonstrated that compounds were able to arrest the growth of the parasites at trophozoite stage. The selected compounds were screened for in-vitro cytotoxicity against mammalian lines and human red-blood-cell (RBC), which demonstrated no significant cytotoxicity associated with the molecules. In addition, in silico ADME prediction and physiochemical properties supported the drug-likeness of the synthesized molecules. Thus, the results highlighted the diphenylmethylpiperazine group cast on 4,7-dichloroquinoline and methyltriazolopyrimidine using Petasis reaction may serve as models for the development of new antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Madhav
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Tarosh S Patel
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Zeba Rizvi
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - G Srinivas Reddy
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Abdur Rahman
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Md Ataur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Saiema Ahmedi
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Sadaf Fatima
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kanika Saxena
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, UP, India
| | - Nikhat Manzoor
- Medical Mycology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Souvik Bhattacharjee
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bharat C Dixit
- Chemistry Department, V. P. & R. P. T. P Science College, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, 388 120, Gujarat, India
| | - Puran Singh Sijwali
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, 500007, TS, India.
| | - Nasimul Hoda
- Drug Design and Synthesis Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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Guillon J, Cohen A, Boudot C, Monic S, Savrimoutou S, Moreau S, Albenque-Rubio S, Lafon-Schmaltz C, Dassonville-Klimpt A, Mergny JL, Ronga L, Bernabeu de Maria M, Lamarche J, Lago CD, Largy E, Gabelica V, Moukha S, Dozolme P, Agnamey P, Azas N, Mullié C, Courtioux B, Sonnet P. Design, Synthesis, and Antiprotozoal Evaluation of New Promising 2,9- Bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)]-4,7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline Derivatives, a Potential Alternative Scaffold to Drug Efflux. Pathogens 2022; 11:1339. [PMID: 36422591 PMCID: PMC9699089 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 2,9-bis[(substituted-aminomethyl)]-4,7-phenyl-1,10-phenanthroline derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro against three protozoan parasites (Plasmodium falciparum, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei brucei). Pharmacological results showed antiprotozoal activity with IC50 values in the sub and μM range. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity of these original molecules was assessed with human HepG2 cells. The substituted diphenylphenanthroline 1l was identified as the most potent antimalarial derivative with a ratio of cytotoxic to antiparasitic activities of 505.7 against the P. falciparum CQ-resistant strain W2. Against the promastigote forms of L. donovani, the phenanthrolines 1h, 1j, 1n and 1o were the most active with IC50 from 2.52 to 4.50 μM. The phenanthroline derivative 1o was also identified as the most potent trypanosomal candidate with a selectivity index (SI) of 91 on T. brucei brucei strain. FRET melting and native mass spectrometry experiments evidenced that the nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives bind the telomeric G-quadruplexes of P. falciparum and Trypanosoma. Moreover, as the telomeres of the parasites P. falciparum and Trypanosoma could be considered to be possible targets of this kind of nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives, their potential ability to stabilize the parasitic telomeric G-quadruplexes have been determined through the FRET melting assay and by native mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guillon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Anita Cohen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Clotilde Boudot
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, INSERM U1094, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Sarah Monic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Solène Savrimoutou
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Stéphane Moreau
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandra Albenque-Rubio
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Lafon-Schmaltz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Alexandra Dassonville-Klimpt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
| | - Jean-Louis Mergny
- Laboratoire d’Optique et Biosciences, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, F- 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, F-64012 Pau, France
| | | | - Jeremy Lamarche
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, F-64012 Pau, France
| | - Cristina Dal Lago
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Eric Largy
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Valérie Gabelica
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, ARNA, UMR 5320, U1212, IECB, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Serge Moukha
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (CRCTB), UMR U1045 INSERM, PTIB-Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, F-33600 Pessac, France
- INRAE Bordeaux Aquitaine, F- 33140 Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Pascale Dozolme
- Centre de Recherche Cardio-thoracique de Bordeaux (CRCTB), UMR U1045 INSERM, PTIB-Hôpital Xavier Arnozan, F-33600 Pessac, France
- INRAE Bordeaux Aquitaine, F- 33140 Villenave-d’Ornon, France
| | - Patrice Agnamey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
| | - Nadine Azas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Aix-Marseille, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, F-13005 Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Mullié
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
| | - Bertrand Courtioux
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Neuroepidemiology and Tropical Neurology, University of Limoges, INSERM U1094, F-87025 Limoges, France
| | - Pascal Sonnet
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Agents Infectieux, Résistance et Chimiothérapie (AGIR), UR 4294, UFR de Pharmacie, University of Picardie Jules Verne, F-80037Amiens, France
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Raji M, Le TM, Huynh T, Szekeres A, Nagy V, Zupkó I, Szakonyi Z. Divergent Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Antimicrobial Studies of 1,3-Aminoalcohol and 3-Amino-1,2-Diol Based Diaminopyrimidines. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200077. [PMID: 35349207 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel diaminopyrimidines containing pinane moieties were synthesized via an efficient methodology starting from pinane-based aminoalcohols, aminodiols and 2,4-dichloropyrimidines. Bioassay tests demonstrated that compound 18a displayed much stronger antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (HeLa, Siha, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and A2780) than positive control cisplatin. In particular, compound 22a was found to be selective in inhibiting HeLa cell proliferation with cancer cell growth inhibition values higher than 95 %. Moreover, the in vitro screening of prepared compounds against different bacterial and fungal strains is reported. The results revealed that 12b and 17a, the most promising compounds, displayed selective inhibition for the Gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus) with percent inhibition values ranging from 75 to 95 % at 10 μg/mL concentration. Both selective inhibition and the in vitro activity values demonstrated that these compounds have the potential to be developed into clinically important therapeutic choices for the treatment of infections caused by B. subtilis and S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Raji
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Tam Minh Le
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary
| | - Thu Huynh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, 6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, 6726, Szeged, Közép fasor 52, Hungary
| | - Viktória Nagy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Center of Natural Products, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Szakonyi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Hungary.,Interdisciplinary Center of Natural Products, University of Szeged, 6720, Szeged, Hungary
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Zhang J, Sun Y, Zheng J. The State of Art of Extracellular Traps in Protozoan Infections (Review). Front Immunol 2022; 12:770246. [PMID: 34970259 PMCID: PMC8712655 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.770246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasite infection causes severe diseases in humans and animals, leading to tremendous economic and medical pressure. Natural immunity is the first line of defence against parasitic infection. Currently, the role of natural host immunity in combatting parasitic infection is unclear, so further research on natural host immunity against parasites will provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of related parasitic diseases. Extracellular traps (ETs) are an important natural mechanism of immunity involving resistance to pathogens. When immune cells such as neutrophils and macrophages are stimulated by external pathogens, they release a fibrous network structure, consisting mainly of DNA and protein, that can capture and kill a variety of extracellular pathogenic microorganisms. In this review, we discuss the relevant recently reported data on ET formation induced by protozoan parasite infection, including the molecular mechanisms involved, and discuss the role of ETs in the occurrence and development of parasitic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Intensive Care Unit, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jingtong Zheng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Wang J, Liu H, Liu Y, Hao W, Yang Y, Sun Y, Xu X. Catalyst-free aerobic radical cascade reactions of o-vinylphenylisocyanides with thiols to access 2-thio-substituted quinolines. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01371a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We herein report an efficient and green aerobic radical cascade reaction of o-vinylphenylisocyanides with thiols to access a broad range of 2-thio-substituted quinolines without the need for additional catalysts or oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yaohui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wanting Hao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yingqi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Xianxiu Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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